Scribd
Upload
247 views4 pages

Lab Example SEEBECK

1) The document describes an experiment to calibrate a thermocouple to measure temperature using the Seebeck effect. 2) The Seebeck effect produces a voltage across two different conductors when there is a temperature gradient between their junctions. This allows direct conversion of heat into electrical energy. 3) The experiment involves measuring the voltage output of the thermocouple being calibrated alongside a pre-calibrated thermocouple as both are heated and cooled between 0-300 degrees Celsius. The Seebeck coefficients are then calculated separately for heating and cooling.

Uploaded by

SneaK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
247 views4 pages

Lab Example SEEBECK

1) The document describes an experiment to calibrate a thermocouple to measure temperature using the Seebeck effect. 2) The Seebeck effect produces a voltage across two different conductors when there is a temperature gradient between their junctions. This allows direct conversion of heat into electrical energy. 3) The experiment involves measuring the voltage output of the thermocouple being calibrated alongside a pre-calibrated thermocouple as both are heated and cooled between 0-300 degrees Celsius. The Seebeck coefficients are then calculated separately for heating and cooling.

Uploaded by

SneaK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIVERSITY "POLITEHNICA" BUCHAREST

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Laboratory experiments

BN 119

THERMOCOUPLE
(SEEBECK EFFECT)

2020
Scopes
1/ To calibrate a thermocouple such that to be able to measure temperatures.
2/ To find the Seebeck coefficient.

Phenomenon
Thermo-electric effect, or Seebeck effect: it
consists in the apparition of an electric voltage
across a material subjected to a temperature
gradient, i.e. a temperature difference.
The circuit configured as shown in figure. The
materials (metals, alloys or semiconductors) are
acting as generators helping each other. They are
converting directly heat in electric energy.
Each voltage depends on the temperature
gradient T1T2 and on the material constant 
that can be either positive or negative:
UA=A(T1T2)
UB=B(T2T1) (h axis reversed)
Therefore
U=UA+UB or U=A(T1T2) + B(T2T1) or U=(AB) (T1T2),
or, finally
U=AB (T1T2), (1)
where AB=AB is the Seebeck coefficient that depends on both materials. If U=0 at
T2=273.15K=0C then the device indicates the temperature in degrees Celsius:
U=AB . (2)

Experimental setup
There are two thermocouples, one already
calibrated and graded in Celsius degrees, the
other must be calibrated.
Both of them are functioning between in the
same environments.
Data
Calibrate U=0 at T1=T2=273.15K (0C).
 (C) U (mV), heating U (mV), cooling
30 1.4 1.5
40 1.8 2.0
50 2.3 2.5
60 2.9 3.0
70 3.4 3.5
80 3.8 4.0
90 4.4 4.5
100 5.1 5.0
110 5.4 5.5
120 5.9 6.0
130 6.6 6.5
140 6.9 7.0
150 7.4 7.5
160 7.8 8.0
170 8.3 8.5
180 8.9 9.0
190 9.6 9.6
200 10.1 10.0
210 10.4 10.4
220 10.9 11.0
230 11.5 11.6
240 11.9 12.1
250 12.4 12.5
260 12.9 12.9
270 13.4 13.6
280 13.9 14.0
290 14.5 14.4
300 14.9 14.9

Data processing
1/ Represent the graphs of the heating and cooling processes U() on millimeter paper (or Excel) in
the same coordinates and draw the straight lines that approximate at best each dot set (one for
heating and one for cooling).
2/ For each approximating line calculate the slope by choosing two distinct points M(M,UM),
U M −U N
N(N,UN); the slope is m= ❑ −❑ .
M N

3/ Compute the coefficients Seebeck according to Eq.(2) separately at heating and cooling
respectively. Are they the same?
Question
Explain why the effect is used only for measuring devices, and not to obtain electric energy for
commercial purposes.

Further study
https://sciencing.com/calibrate-thermocouple-2659.html

You might also like