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Organic Chemistry Reaction Guide

The document provides a key for organic compound conversions by listing 43 common reagents and their reactions. It shows the functional group removed and the functional group introduced for each reagent. Additional information is provided on directional properties of groups in benzene rings and on using Grignard reagents. The table is a useful guide for predicting product structures from common organic reactions.

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Pratham Zala
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330 views2 pages

Organic Chemistry Reaction Guide

The document provides a key for organic compound conversions by listing 43 common reagents and their reactions. It shows the functional group removed and the functional group introduced for each reagent. Additional information is provided on directional properties of groups in benzene rings and on using Grignard reagents. The table is a useful guide for predicting product structures from common organic reactions.

Uploaded by

Pratham Zala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

KEY FOR CONVERSIONS

(BY LOKESH SUREDIA)

Sl Reagent Group Out Group In Remark


No
1 KMnO4 / H+ -CH2OH -COOH Strong Oxidation (20 alc→
ketone)
2 LiAlH4 -COOH -CH2OH Strong Reduction (ketone →
20 alc)
3 Cu / 573 K or CrO3 -CH2OH -CHO Dehydrogenation
4 PCl5 or SOCl2 -OH -Cl
5 Cl2 / Δ or Cl2 / UV -H -Cl Free radical substitution
6 Aq NaOH / KOH -X -OH Nucleophilic substitution
7 KCN -X -CN Step Up
8 AgCN -X -NC
9 Alcoholic KOH -HX = Dehydrohalogenation (Stzf)
10 Mg / dry ether Mg R-X → R-MgX
11 HBr >=< H, Br Merkovnikov
12 H2 / Pd-BaSO4 -COCl -CHO Rosenmund Reduction
13 Zn-Hg / HCl >C=O -CH2- Clemmension Reduction
14 NH3 / Δ -COOH -CONH2 -COOH + NH3 → -COONH4
15 Br2 / NaOH or NaOBr -CONH2 -NH2 Step Down ( Hoffmann)
16 HNO2 or NaNO2/HCl -NH2 -OH HONO
17 CHCl3 / alc KOH -NH2 -NC Carbyl amine
18 P2O5 -CONH2 -CN Dehydration
19 H3 O+ -CN -COOH Hydrolysis
20 OH- -CN -CONH2
21 LiAlH4 -CN -CH2NH2 Reduction
22 Red P / Cl2 α-H of acid -Cl HVZ Reaction
In benzene ring
23 Fe / X2 /dark -H -X Halogination
24 CH3Cl / AlCl3(anhyd) -H -CH3 Friedel Craft alkylation
25 CH3COCl / AlCl3(anhyd) -H -COCH3 Friedel Craft acylation
26 Conc.HNO3/con.H2SO4 -H -NO2 Nitration
27 Conc H2SO4 -H -SO3H Sulphonation
28 KMnO4 / H+ -R -COOH Oxidation
29 CrO2Cl2 / H+ -CH3 -CHO Mild oxidation(Etard
Reaction)
30 Sn / HCl or Fe/HCl -NO2 -NH2 Reduction
31 NaOH / 623K / 300 atm -Cl -OH
32 Zn dust / Δ -OH -H
33 NaNO2 / dil HCl / 273-278 K -NH2 -N2+Cl- Diazo reaction
34 CuCl / HCl or Cu/HCl -N2+Cl- -Cl Sandmeyer or Gattermann
35 CuBr / HBr or Cu/HBr -N2+Cl- -Br Sandmeyer or Gattermann
36 CuCN / KCN -N2+Cl- -CN Sandmeyer
37 KI -N2+Cl- -I
38 HBF4 / Δ -N2+Cl- -F
39 H3PO2 or CH3CH2OH -N2+Cl- -H
40 H2O / 283 K -N2+Cl- -OH
41 HBF4/ NaNO2, Cu / Δ -N2+Cl- -NO2
42 C6H5-OH -N2+Cl- -N=N-C6H5-OH Coupling ( p-hydroxy)
43 C6H5-NH2 -N2+Cl- -N=N-C6H5-NH2 Coupling ( p-amino)
Reactions of Grignard Reagent

Grignard reagent + Any one below + H2O → Product


H2O or ROH or RNH2 R-H
H-CHO R-CH2-OH (10 alc)
R-CHO R-CH(OH)-R (20 alc)
R-CO-R R2C(OH)-R (30 alc)
R-MgX
CO2 R-COOH
R-CN R-CO-R
HCOOR Aldehyde
RCOOR Ketone

NB: i) During reaction generally changes take place in the functional group only so see the functional
group very carefully.
ii) Remember structural formula of all the common organic compounds ( with their IUPAC and common
names)
iii) Wurtz Reaction and Aldol Condensation are not included in the table although they are
very important for conversions so study them .
iv) By taking examples practice all the above cases ( from 1 to 43 and Grignard)
v) Practice only from NCERT book.
vi) Start practicing NOW !

How to use the table? See below.

Example : See no 7 in the table

Directional Properties of groups in benzene ring for electrophilic substitution

Ortho-para directing group: -R , -OH, -NH2, -X, -OR, -NHR, -NR2, -NHCOCH3, -CH2Cl, -SH, - Ph

Meta-directing group: -NO2 , -CHO , -COOH , COOR , -CN , -SO3H , -COCH3 , -CCl3 , -NH3+ ,

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