10 XII December 2022

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48265
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Automatic Fertigation System

Dr. Geetha Ramani J1, Pavithiravalavan T2, Vyshnav M R3, Tamaraiselvi K4, Sandeep S5
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract: Most of the Agriculture lands in India are over-fertilized with some nutrients and some nutrients are Deficient in the
same land. Maximum lands are Overhydrated which results in water wastage. Current automatic watering system uses only a
soil moisture sensor and water the plant accordingly to the humidity alone. Development of an IOT based watering and fertilizer
dispensing system which is fully automated accordingly to the soil and plant needs. The soil data and plant nutrients required
data is initially collected and code is created accordingly and dumped in Arduino and the code can be changed once in a year or
once in a plantation season so that the proper cycle can be ensured. This proposed system results in the proper usage of
fertilizers and water in an efficient manner. This also paves the way for full-fledged Automation in the Agriculture field.
Keywords: Internet of Things (IOT), Fertilization, Humidity, Temperature, Water level sensor

I. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. A country with consistent agricultural magnification can achieve global economic
sustainability. A country like India has ideal climatic conditions for growing a variety of agricultural crops. However, land and water
are the more critical resources.
India is a country. Among these two, a lack of water resources has a significant impact on agricultural crop yield. As a result, water
scarcity has an enormous impact on victuals generation. Due to a lack of water, farmers struggle to produce crops, which makes it
difficult to feed the world's growing population.
According to the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 70% of cumulative land-based water consumption is used for
domestic, industrial and environmental uses, exacerbating the problem of water scarcity. If such amount of water is used for other
purposes, the main use for agriculture will be avoided and people will think about how to best manage water. One such water
management method is the irrigation system Irrigation is the method of bringing water to food or cash crops in order to maximize
crop yields. The use of irrigation systems is not working optimally, but it is an efficient way to reduce water consumption. This can
result in using more water than necessary or not getting enough water to maintain a healthy plant. As stated by the World Bank,
irrigation management systems help promote and maintain previously placed water table irrigation systems, improving irrigated areas
and increasing yields. Efficient use of water by irrigation systems has been proven to improve agricultural growth. However, the
timing of watering depends on factors such as the time of watering and the amount of watering. In modern times, the traditional
method of watering crops has been replaced by automated equipment. Benefits of automatic watering systems include reduced utility
bills, prevention of uneven watering, and ensuring plants receive the amount of water they need by eliminating water waste. This is
not the correct way of farming given the lack of water, wasting water by giving agricultural land that already has sufficient moisture.
Therefore, before automatic irrigation, it is necessary to determine that the farmland on this site needs water and how much water the
field needs to be irrigated. Soil and plant water conditions, plant growth and phonological stages, water availability, water quality,
weather conditions, and the operational importance of irrigation systems are required to create an automated system Various studies
have been conducted and most automated systems have been implemented commercially But instead of automation, we integrated
an intelligent irrigation system. It has a wide scope for automating the entire irrigation system in time
Building an IoT, Irrigation using Arduino IDE with fertilizer and moisture sensor. Also, the Thing Talk server is used to detect the
status of the country to receive Soil moisture content. The sprinkler system is also the basis for irrigation system in which water flows
through pipes and according to their needs Water required according to national environmental conditions Intelligent identification of
humidity, temperature, humidity, etc. The system and power will turn on, providing enough water for the plants The automated
system that has been implemented has the following limitations Send warning messages or text messages to mobile phones without
saving data Permanently available for future use The purpose of this article is to provide intelligent information. Irrigation system
with automatic device and data storage in IoT Cloud, and type styles are built-in; examples of the type styles are provided throughout
this document and are identified in italic type, within parentheses, following the example. Some components, such as multi-levelled
equations, graphics, and tables are not prescribed, although the various table text styles are provided. The formatter will need to create
these components, incorporating the applicable criteria that follow.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1558
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Jinling et al proposed a quantitative remote control system for greenhouses based on the Global System for Mobile GSM-SMS,
which sends temperature, ambient temperature and humidity status by SMS, and controls watering equipment via remote machines.
Factories use sensors and automation devices [1] Gautam and Reddy proposed an innovative remote-controlled on-board irrigation
system based on GSM Bluetooth [2] Suresh et al proposed an architecture based on the capabilities of current and next generation
microcontrollers and their application requirements [3]. The microcontroller used in this system promises to extend the life of the
system by reducing power usage through reduced power consumption Kansara et al proposed a smart irrigation system using IoT [4]
They offer irrigation techniques that minimize human intervention. If the bypass temperature and humidity change, the sensor reads
the temperature and humidity change and sends a signal to interrupt the microcontroller to enable or disable the setting. Archana and
Priya proposed a microcontroller-based system to monitor water level and irrigated area [5] Sensors are present to check the presence
of water in the fields.
Once the field is dry, the sensor detects the need until the sensor is deactivated again Anitha proposed a waste monitoring system
using IoT, which uses sensors on the lid of the bin to detect the level of waste based on the height of the bin [6] Uddin et al proposed
a variable irrigation system model based on an automatic microcontroller [7] Solar energy is only used as a power source to control
the whole system Sensors are placed on the rice fields, these sensors constantly detect the water level and transmit the information to
the farmers who inform the water level.
Farmers can get information on water levels without having to visit the rice fields. Depending on the water level, the farmer can even
control the car remotely by sending messages from his phone. However, if the water level reaches a dangerous level, the engine will
start automatically, no statement from the farmer is required to determine the correct water level on site Chavan and Karande propose
to develop transparent wireless sensor networks (WSN) for agricultural environments. Monitoring of various agricultural
environment factors such as soil moisture, Temperature and humidity, among other factors, can be critical [8]. Traditional methods of
quantifying these factors in agricultural settings involve individuals performing the quantification manually and examining them at
different times This article studies a remote monitoring system using Zigbee These nodes send the data wirelessly to a central server,
which collects the data, stores and approves it for analysis, then displays it on demand and can also be sent to the customer's mobile
phone. Anitha proposed a home security system using IoT [9]
The system will notify the owner of any unauthorized access or door opening by sending a notification to the user Once the user has
received the notification, they can take the necessary action. The security system will use a microcontroller called Arduino Uno to
connect the components, a reed sensor to monitor status, a buzzer to trigger the alarm, and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to connect to
the internet and communicate. The main advantages of such a system include ease of installation, low cost and low maintenance
Parameswaran et al discussed irrigation systems based on soil moisture [10]. The moisture sensor is used to detect soil moisture and
it is based on a solenoid valve In addition to climatic conditions, crops need to be watered knowing the pH of water and soil to
produce better crops Monitors are used to display pH, moisture content and temperature This will improve the agricultural system to
increase productivity.

A. Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications

The template is used to format your paper and style the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and text fonts are prescribed;
please do not alter them. You may note peculiarities. For example, the head margin in this template measures proportionately more
than is customary. This measurement and others are deliberate, using specifications that anticipate your paper as one part of the entire
proceedings, and not as an independent document. Please do not revise any of the current designations.

III. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

The fertigation system is configured with various essential components as listed as follows.
1) Arduino Uno
2) Fertilizer sensor
3) Moisture sensor
4) Relay
5) Pump

The software requirements are Arduino application, MIT App Inventor

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1559
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

A. Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno is a PC equipment, that is open source which organizes the components by the programming language and integrates
the enterprise with the client group to produce microcontroller packs. These micro-controlled packs are used as an intelligent agent
which was programmed to detect and to control working of the system in the real-life Sample Arduino Uno is shown in Fig. 1.
Generally, Arduino boards are inexpensive and used in various operating systems. It is easy and flexible for the beginners. It is
compatible with various languages such as C++ and JAVA .

Fig 1. Arduino Uno board

B. Fertilizer Sensor
Fig 2 shows the fertilizer sensor. The sensor, measures levels of ammonium in soil – the compound that is converted to nitrites and
nitrates by soil bacteria. Using a type of AI called machine learning, it combines this with weather data, time since fertilization, pH,
and soil conductivity measurements. It uses this data to predict how much total nitrogen the soil has now and how much it will have
up to 12 days in the future, to predict the optimum time for fertilization.

Fig 2. Fertilizer sensor

C. Moisture Sensor
The Fig.3 shows a sort of soil moisture sensor. It contains two tests by methods for which current will go into the dirt, at that point
scrutinizes the obstruction of the soil, which will peruse the dampness level. We know the nearness of the water makes the dirt more
inclined to lead the power effortlessly, which implies R(resistance) is less in the such kind of soil, while dry soil has poor conductivity
of intensity, in this way dry soil upholds more insurance than the wet soil. Sensor is structured on this property of intensity. There
should be a point that believers the obstruction into voltage, this is done using circuit which show inside the sensor, which changes
over the opposition into voltage.

Fig 3. Soil Moisture sensor

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1560
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

D. Water Pump
Fig 4 shows the water pump. A water pump is a machine used to increase the pressure of water in order to move it from one point to
another. Modern water pumps are used throughout the world to supply water for municipal, industrial, agricultural, residential uses.
Water pumps are used to provide high irrigation efficiency by supplying proper amount of water to every area of the field to gain
speed in cultivation. Low maintenance is required as it they come with less moving parts which eases the work.

Fig 4. Water pump

E. Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of
operating contact terminals. Relays are electric switches that use electromagnetism to convert small electrical stimuli into larger
currents. These conversions occur when electrical inputs activate electromagnets to either form or break existing circuits. Change
contacts easily. Isolates the activating part of the actuating part. It works well at high temperatures. It is activated with low current,
however, it can activate large machines of great power.

Fig 5. Relay

IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

The primary aim of the project is to develop a framework to stay track of remote soil wetness from an abroad area and to deal with the
moisture of soil so it doesn't influences the products. The IOT basically based arranged framework given amid this examination are
valuable to achieve such an undertaking. The prototype framework examination of this study enables monitoring any agricultural
arrive and keeps up moisture of the dirt. This thought will unquestionably encourage any country move to sensible Agriculture. The
framework is foreseen to figure and create records in period. The real execution of the framework would require changes in detecting
component, innovations and supply code in spite of the fact that the approach and control remain steady. The proposed system was
demonstrated with the help of Thingspeak cloud. ThingSpeak is an IOT analytics place to accommodate to sanctions to aggregate,
depict and analyse real-time data streams in the cloud. ThingSpeak gives instant envision of data posted by the contrivances with the
competency to execute MATLAB code. Additionally , it is often utilized for prototyping and proof of concept IOT systems that
require analytics.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1561
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

A. Proposed System
The data is first collected from the different sensors here Sensors like Moisture level of soil, Temperature of the area, air moisture
and Water Level are used. They are attached to a breadboard which is intern connected to the Arduino Board. The data from the board
is sent to the Arduino IDE. The programming language that is used runs instructions which extracts the data and reflects. If the data is
not valid then the process ends is clearly shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7

Fig 6. Proposed System

Fig.7 Data flow diagram of the proposed system

V. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

In the proposed system, our idea is to develop a framework which can help in a programmed water system gadget through concentrate
the dampness level of the field. The shrewd water system contraption ends up being a valuable gadget since it robotizes and
manages the watering with no guide intercession. The essential bundles for this mission are for agriculturists and plant specialists who
do now not have enough time to water plants.
The dampness sensors and temperature sensor degree the dampness degree (water substance) and temperature of the unmistakable
vegetation. On the off chance that the dampness level is situated to be underneath the coveted level, the dampness sensor sends the flag
to the Arduino board which triggers the Water Pump to appear ON and supply the water to particular plant. The machine might be
likewise drawn out for out of entryways utilization. The working model of the proposed system was depicted in Fig.8 and Fig.9.

Fig 8. Working model of the proposed system

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1562
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Fig 9. Complete connection of the proposed model

VI. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

The experiment was carried out by taking the input from the DHT11 sensor. The moisture sensor gives analog output which can be
read through the ESP8266 NodeMCU analog pin A0. Since the NodeMCU cannot give output voltage greater than 3.3V from its
GPIO so we are using a relay module to drive the 5V motor pump. Also the Moisture sensor and DHT11 sensor is powered from
external 5V power supply.
The data collected from various sensors are listed in the table below. Table.1 contains the data from Temperature, sensor, humidity
sensor, Soil moisture sensor and water level sensor indicated as attributes as A1,A2,A3,A4 respectively.

Table 1: SAMPLE DATASET

Created atDate CreatedTime entryid

A1 A2 A3 A4
09 March 07:22:2 113 35 51 49 107
2022 4 6
23 March 07:28:3 191 40 72 48 547
2022 1
17 March 06:18:2 138 37 71 44 589
2022 4
22 March 07:19:5 118 29 68 40 132
2022 2 4
13 March 07:27:1 132 32 51 49 562
2022 6
23 March 08:05:1 174 37 61 33 112
2022 0 9
09 March 07:21:2 165 36 61 45 703
2022 8
19 March 06:01:5 172 33 77 45 674
2022 4
21 March 08:36:2 180 38 53 34 137
2022 6 9
20 March 07:37:2 180 26 78 32 123
2022 6 0
08 March 08:49:1 176 28 50 28 138
2022 1 5
14 March 07:48:1 113 36 70 25 421
2022 1
20 March 08:08:3 105 38 57 35 140
2022 6 1

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1563
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

10 March 06:59:3 108 29 71 46 136

2022 7 9
11 March 06:30:2 159 40 78 27 304
2022 2
14 March 07:46:5 105 32 71 37 124
2022 5 2
23 March 07:03:5 130 36 61 33 948
2022 2
16 March 07:50:1 148 39 79 39 356
2022 5
08 March 06:10:0 128 30 80 31 625
2022 9
05 March 06:09:1 107 26 67 35 729
2022 0
20 March 08:58:2 175 36 71 31 659
2022 6
23 March 06:33:0 159 38 64 43 986
2022 5
26 March 07:02:1 108 34 55 25 368
2022 4
19 March 06:21:1 146 34 57 43 138
2022 9 8
28 March 08:11:0 161 25 65 41 589
2022 7
19 March 08:14:1 146 34 66 39 804
2022 8
29 March 07:02:3 186 33 56 34 827
2022 4
11 March 08:40:5 158 28 65 50 545
2022 2
07 March 07:10:1 163 32 72 34 785
2022 8
04 March 07:26:4 129 33 58 33 126
2022 7 2
19 March 08:12:4 136 32 67 27 680
2022 2

27 March 06:31:0 103 37 69 45 111

2022 6 1
16 March 07:25:2 199 31 73 47 146
2022 3 9
08 March 06:42:4 190 37 76 29 428
2022 3

10 March 06:49:0 189 40 65 30 916

2022 4

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1564
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

The temperature recorded by the DTH11sensor from the various dates and from various time period on various places of Vellore
shown below in Fig. 10.

Fig 10. Temperature recorded by DTH-11 Sensor

Similarly, the humidity recorded by the DTH11 Sensor from various places are depicted in the graph below as Fig. 11.

Fig 11. Humidity recorded by DTH-11 Sensor

The soil moisture level recorded by the soil moistersensors are depicted graphically in Fig.12.

Fig.12 Soil moisture recorded by soil moisture sensor

The water level sensor is used to record the water level from the various places of the fields of the Vellore districts. This is clearly
shown in the following Fig. 13.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1565
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Fig 13. Water level recorded by water level sensor

These data are imported in the Thingspeak cloud for the visualization and the correlation between the temperature and humidity is
calculated. The correlation between the temperature and humidity places important role in watering the plants. So based on the
correlation we can start the irrigation system or switch off. The correlation is shown in the following Fig. 14 using the Mat lab
visualization app using Thingspeak.

Fig 14. Correlation map between temperature and humidity

The working space of Arduino was depicted in the Fig.15

Fig. 15 Arduino workspace

The novelty of the proposed work is that so far much of the research related with irrigation system usually record the data and send
SMS or alarm to the owners to indicate the need of watering or to switch off the water supply. But the proposed work automatically
switch on and off using the data recorded by various sensor. Also the recorded data is stored in the cloud for future purpose.

VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

The data collection from soil and plant nutrition requirements is like a servicing process that must be repeated once in a season or
once a year so, in future this procedure will also be automated in a cost effective manner. The sand and the water level are the critical
parameter for the development of smart irrigation system. Generally, the soil moisture is affected by a sundry parameters such as air
temperature, soil temperature, air humidity, ultra violet rays, and much more. This paper proposed an IoT based smart irrigation
system utilizing sensors to record the data and store it in the cloud storage. The future work can be prediction of soil moisture using
the recorded data and it may provide cost effective. The auto mode makes it a smart system and it can be further customized for
application categorical scenarios. The future plan is to conduct a water saving analysis based on proposed algorithm with multiple
nodes along with minimizing the system cost.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1566
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

REFERENCES
[1] G S. Jin, S. Jingling, H. Qiuyan, W. Shengde, and Y.Yan, “A remote measurement and control system for greenhouse based on gsm-sms,”. In 2007 8th
International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments IEEE. pp. 2-82, August 2007.
[2] I. Gautam, and S.R.N Reddy, “Innovative GSM bluetooth based remote controlled embedded system for irrigation”. International Journal of Computer
Applications, vol 47, pp.1-7,2012.
[3] R. Suresh, S.Gopinath, K. Govindaraju, T. Devika and N.S. Vanitha, “GSM based automated irrigation control using raingun irrigation system”, International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering”, vol 3, pp.5654-5657, 2014.
[4] K. Kansara, V. Zaveri, S. Shah, S. Delwadkar, and K.Jani, “Sensor based automated irrigation system with IOT: a technical review”, International Journal of
Computer Science and Information Technologies, vol 6, pp.5331-5333, 2015.
[5] P. Archana, R. Priya, “Design and implementation of automatic plant watering system”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global
Technology, vol 4, pp. 1567-1570, 2016.
[6] A. Anitha, “Garbage Monitoring System Using IoT”. IOP ConferenceSeries. Materials Science and Engineering, pp.420-427, 2017
[7] M. Uddin, “Measurements of evaporation during sprinkler irrigation”, (Doctoral dissertation, University of SouthernQueensland). 2012
[8] C.H. Chavan, and P.V. Karande, “Wireless monitoring of soil moisture, temperature & humidity using zigbee in agriculture”. Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol, vol
11, pp. 493-497, 2014.
[9] A. Anitha,“Home security system using internet of things”. In Materials Science and Engineering Conference Series, vol. 263, pp.1-11, 2017.
[10] G. Parameswaran, and K. Sivaprasath, “Arduino based smart drip irrigation system using Internet of Things”. Int. J. Eng. Sci, 5518, 2016.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1567