REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA
UNIVERSITY "ALEKSANDËR MOISIU" DURRËS
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
BRANCH: GERMAN-ENGLISH
COURSE: ENGLISH
Coursework Assignment
Topic: Bullying in school
Worked by: Lediana Lika Accepted by: Enkelejd Avdyli
Durrës 2023
OBJECTIVES
To explain what
To show how much comon he is and what impact he has
To analyze the symptoms and types that depression has
To show how depression is diagnosed and the treatment to be followed
Bullying in school
Bullying in school is the most common type of violence among adolescents, recognized as a
serious concern for students and has become a public health problem and global concern.
Bullying in school settings was once thought of as a normal, transient part of growing up. It
was considered to have little lasting impact, and the best advice to the victim was to fight
back or turn the other cheek. In beginning in the late 1970s and through the 1980s,
pioneering research began to shed light on this behavior and to dispel common myths.
Expanded studies during the 1990s started to examine bullying as a serious form of
aggression and considered the possible impacts of this experience on the bully, his or her
victim, and even bystanders. The results of these investigations have shown that not only is
bullying a common occurrence but also it has lasting effects on all involved.
Definition of bullying
Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real
or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated,
over time. Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking
someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose.
Characteristics of school bullying
Repetition: violence is repeated, reproduced, reiterated over a long period of time making the
infernal child’s life for days and days.
The relationship of domination is imposed insincerely. There is an abuse of power, a power
takeover from one child to another. The aggression is made of a student “stronger” against a
pupil more “weak” or having difficulties to defend themselves in this situation; or a group
against an isolated student; or older ones against younger ones.
Intention to harm: the “game” that is not initially malicious or offensive, becomes it when the
process settles in the duration. The aggressor deliberately intends to harm even if he almost
always pretends that it is a “simple game”, “it’s for fun”.
Types of Bullying
Bullying occurs in various forms, and it is therefore not always easy to identify. The most
frequent forms of bullying are:
►Physical
Physical bullying is defined as harming others and their property in a repeated way via the
use of physical force and includes the threat of physical damage such as kicking, hitting, hair
pulling,stealing, and attacking with a weapon. Victims of physical bullying are usually
weaker physically and have less power.9.2% of children aged 12–18 have been physically
bullied.
► Verbal
Verbal bullies seek victims who are weaker in terms of their social status.Verbal bullying
includes behaviors such as name-calling, insults, and threats.It has been estimated that about
26% of students aged 12–18 have suffered this form of bullying.
► Emotional
Emotional bullying includes behaviors such as rejecting, extorting, humiliating,
blackmailing, rating/ranking of personal characteristics, manipulating friendships, isolating,
ostracizing, and peer pressure. Around 18.6% of students aged 12–18 have experienced this
type of bullying.
► Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying refers to bullying that occurs rough electronic devices with the goal of hurting
someone else.However, cyberbullying is the most commonly used term. Cyber-bullies mostly
harm their targets through rumor spreading in online platforms, threats of harm via text
messages, racist.15% of students aged 12–18 report that they have been victims of
cyberbullying.
How frequent is bullying in schools?
According to the available data for the United States 20% of students aged 12 through 18
experience bullying.
►1 in 4 students are bullied
► 77% of students are bullied mentally, verbally, & physically.
► Each day 160,000 students miss school for fear of being bullied
Where can bullying occur?
Bullying situations can occur anywhere within school, which sometimes makes it a real
challenge to notice and prevent bullying:
• 43.4% of children claim that they have experienced bullying in the school hallway or
stairwell
• As many of 42.1% have been victims of bullying in the classroom
• 26. 8% have had negative experiences in the school cafeteria
• 21.9% have faced unwanted peer behavior outside on school grounds
• Whereas 12.1% have had such experiences in the locker room or bathroom
Playground school bullying statistics – Every 7 minutes a child is bullied.
The effects of bullying
Victims of school bullying can experience a range of physical, social, academic, and mental
health issues.
Health
Scientific research indicated that experiencing bullying has short and long-term psychological
and emotional impact on both victims and perpetrator .
Victims of bullying reported poor mental and physical health, more symptoms of:
Anxiety
Depression
feeling sad
being loneliness
vomiting
sleep disturbance
nightmares
body achea headache
abdominal pain
frequent illnesses.
Students, whether they are bullies, a victim, or bystanders, report a suicidal behavior. Among
students age15–29, suicide is the second leading cause of death. According to the Youth Risk
Behavior Survey (YRBS), 17.7% of school-aged students had attempting suicide within the
past year .
Academic achievement
Bullying in school not only affects students’ physical, emotional and psychosocial lives, it is
also found to affect their academic achievements and their classwork directly. Theoretical
and empirical literature has been supported the direct association between bullying and
student’ academic achievements.A study among secondary level students shows that
traditional as well as cyberbullying has a significant negative impact on students’ academic
performance when controlling the socioeconomic status of the student.
A recent study among primary school children revealed that verbal bullying among female
students was associated with poor academic performance on writing skills. Physical bullying
was negatively associated with performance on numeracy, and writing for both males and
females. Students who report being verbally and physically bullied had poor achievements in
reading, writing, spelling, grammar, and punctuations.
How to stop bullying in school
How to stop bullying in school is a question of everyone. 10 ways to prevent bullying in
school
1. Recognizing the problem
Statistics show that only 46% of students aged 12–18 who have been victims of bullying
report it to the teachers. This is one of the first tasks en route to preventing and stopping
bullying is: address bullying.
Negating the problem, making light of it or avoiding to seriously tackle it will not only fail to
make it disappear, but also allow it to grow. The students need to be encouraged to speak
about bullying, to report it, and to stand for their peers who are its victims.
2. Providing bullying prevention protocols
Schools must have clear procedures and rules for the prevention of bullying, familiar to and
uncompromisingly observed by all. The school staff ought to be trained to put these rules into
practice; they include guidelines on: recognizing (potential) violence, preventing it, reacting
to it and stopping it, adequate punishment for the perpetrators, and support for the victims.
3. Creating a safe environment
An environment where a student feels safe and secure is an environment where they can
optimally thrive. A good school ought to be this kind of environment at all times. One of the
ways to achieve this is through education and training of the school staff regarding the
prevention of bullying. The United States Department of Health emphasizes that it is
important that the teachers, the administration, and the students themselves can speak up
against bullying and stand up for those who suffer it.
4. Determining the profile of a bully
Bullying can happen to anyone, and based on the experience, it can be concluded that there is
no single specific profile of a bully. Actually, a bully can be someone who is socially
accepted, as well as someone who is marginalized. Also, a bully can also be a victim of
bullying. This is why it is so important to approach the problem of school bullying without
prejudice, because a bully is not always easy to identify. One needs to be mindful and search
for the signs, causes and consequences of violence with utmost care.
5. Paying attention to signs of bullying
As the available data shows, many students do not report bullying, mostly out of fear or a
sense of shame. This is why the teachers, the school staff, as well as the parents need to pay
special attention to the child’s behavior. If the student avoids school activities, suddenly starts
getting lower grades, or exhibiting unusual changes in behavior, it is possible that they have
become a victim of violence. In this case, the child needs to receive the necessary support.
6. Implementing bullying prevention programs
Various bullying prevention programs for elementary and high school students offer a
number of strategies that help approach the problem of bullying in a serious manner.
Evidence has indicated that these programs can reduce bullying.
7. Focusing on social-emotional learning
Letting the students develop emotional intelligence, learn to listen and understand how others
feel, and speak openly about their problems can play an important role in bullying prevention.
Emotional learning leads to positive behavior, developed social skills and good mental health.
In other words, it helps the individual feel good about themself and their achievements, never
wish to harass others, and always be willing to stand up for them.
8. Engaging parents
Parents certainly play an invaluable role in the upbringing of their children. Therefore, it is
important that the school should always be available to them and willing to join forces with
them in order to make the best decisions when it comes to the child’s development and
advancement. The problem of bullying is a problem of both the parents and the school. They
can reach a solution together. The parent should be there for the child and create an
environment of trust between themself and the child, so that the child could feel free to tell
them if bullying has occurred at school. In that case, the parent should report it to the school
and the solution ought to be sought through combined effort.
If their child is the bully, the parents should talk to the child and explain why such behavior is
unacceptable and what its consequences are. A child can learn a lot from the stance that the
parents take on bullying.
If the school chooses to engage parents and they work as a team towards a solution to the
problem of bullying, the chances of reaching a satisfactory solution are much higher.
9. Organizing workshops and lectures on undesirability of bullying
One of the right ways to approach the problem is speaking about it openly. The school can
organize a series of lectures and workshops on the harmfulness and undesirability of bullying,
and the importance of support and openness. They can be held exclusively for the students, as
well as open for their parents, and even the entire community. The problem of bullying can
be discussed by successful people from the community who experienced it, or even
perpetrated it as students. A real example is the best way to show the children that one can
overcome bullying and become a highly respected member of the community.
10. Preventing bullying outside school
Experience has shown that students often manifest bullying behavior outside school.
Therefore, preventing violence in schools is not enough – the students need to prepare to
behave adequately when they are not at school, too. This, too, can be achieved in different
ways – through learning about the importance of respect, tolerance and appreciation. This
aspect of prevention can also be tackled through guest lectures by local police officers on the
harmfulness of violence, the types of legal punishment for it and examples from practice.
