Questions 16 - 20 “ive sentences have been removed from the text below. “or each question, choose the correct answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use. The History of Ice Cream You might think ice cream is a modern kind of food, but actually, ice cream was Probably first eaten in China over 2000 years ago. It was made from a mixture of rice and milk, and was frozen using snow. In Europe around 2000 years ago, Roman leaders also enjoyed a type of frozen dessert.| 16 It wasn’t true ice cream, though, as it had no milk or cream in it. Italian explorer Marco Polo spent a lot of time in China during the late thirteenth century. People believe that he saw ice cream being made while he was on his travels there.| 17 This was the first time true ice cream was made in Europe. Perhaps this is why Italians are considered the European masters of ice- cream making: they have had more time than other countries to practise the recipe! In the seventeenth century, King Charles | of England was introduced to the Pleasures of ice cream by his new French chef. He was so amazed by its beautiful taste that he immediately offered the chef £500 a year (worth around £100000 in today’s money!). This wasn’t just for him to make Charles lots more ice cream. 18 No one knows if he ever told anyone! Ice cream cones are a popular way to serve ice cream. They’re a convenient way to hold ice cream while you eat it and there’s no waste at all because you eat the container along with the ice cream.| 19 It’s believed they were invented in 1904 in the USA. Ice cream very quickly became even more popular in the middle of the twentieth century. At this time, the first electric freezers became available to the public. 20 They also allowed greater access to ice cream to those living in hot climates.o0 oO DB It was so he kept the recipe a secret too. Although they found there was already plenty available across Europe. The simple recipe for it contained only snow and fruit. Owning one meant you could then keep ice cream at home. As it was so cold, there was no need to have a fridge to keep it in. They're therefore environmentally friendly as well as tasty. These were usually served to him in a small bowl of some sort. He then brought the recipe for it back home when he returned.16 Cc: The sentence before describes a food (‘a frozen dessert’) and the sentence after says it has no milk ‘or cream, which the recipe described in C matches with, so this is the answer. |: ‘He’ in H is Marco Polo and the ‘recipe for it’ is the recipe for ice cream : The sentence before the gap gives one reason why Charles | offered the chef lots of money, and A provides another reason If you eat the container, the cone, then it's an environmentally friendly way of serving ice cream as there's no waste. ; Owning what would allow you to keep ice cream at home? A freezer, so D is the answer here.Questions 16 - 20 Five sentences have been removed from the text below. For each question, choose the correct answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use. The Tomatina Festival The Tomatina Festival takes place every August in the small Spanish town of Bufiol. It has been described as the world’s biggest food fight, as the most famous part of the celebrations involve 20000 people throwing tomatoes at each other! No one is totally sure how the festival began, but it seems to have started in the 1940s. One story tells how some teenage friends started throwing old tomatoes at one another for fun.| 16 Another describes how the crowd at a more traditional festival was so bored by the entertainment, they started throwing tomatoes at the entertainers and then at each other! Whatever the truth is, the event was repeated the following year and its popularity has grown ever since. On the day of the festival, several large lorries, loaded with over 100000kg of soft, ripe tomatoes, appear in the town square. Everyone helps themselves or is given lots of the tomatoes, and once a special signal is given, the tomato fight begins. 17 After another signal, everyone stops throwing the fruit and the clean up begins. At one time, over 40000 people attended the festival (Bufiol’s population is only around 9000!) but this was felt to be too many, so the organisers decided to introduce a limit. This was set at a maximum of 20000 people per year.| 18 Without this, you will not be allowed to take part. The organisers give lots of advice to anyone who is involved in the festival’s tomato fight. They suggest that festival-goers only wear things that they are happy to throw away afterwards.| 19 Other advice is to avoid bringing a camera, as unless it is a special waterproof one, it is almost certain to get damaged. People are also asked to make sure that the tomatoes are as soft as possible before they throw them.| 20 But above all, the organisers just want visitors to the Tomatina festival to have fun!They will certainly never be the same colour again! That is why they also began throwing the fruit at everyone. It generally lasts for about one hour. This will hopefully stop them from injuring anyone. There were as many as 50000 visitors that year. This seemed so enjoyable that other people joined in. For this reason, the organisers stopped people bringing glass bottles. So these days, you actually need a ticket to attend.16 F: 7c 18 H: 19 A: The sentence before the gap mentions something that sounds quite enjoyable, so F fits the gap really well here. The sentences before and after the gap mention the start and the end of the tomato fight, so C fits well here as it’s about how long it lasts. The sentence after the gap starts ‘Without this ...’, so the sentence in the gap must explain what ‘this’ is — (a ticket). The sentence before the gap is about clothes and sentence A is also about clothes, so fits this gap. : Why do the tomatoes need to be as soft as possible? Sentence D provides the answer to this.Five sentences have been removed from the text below. For each question, choose the correct answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use. The world’s first round-the-world flight powered by the Sun In July 2016, Bertrand Piccard landed his plane, Solar Impulse 2, in the United Arab Emirates. He and his co-pilot André Borschberg had become the first people to fly around the world in a plane powered only by energy from the Sun. Solar Impulse 2 is a very unusual plane. Its wings are 72m across.| 16 Yet Solar Impulse 2 is over one-hundred times lighter. The fastest flight around the world by plane was made in 1992. It took a little less than 32 hours to complete the 42 000 km journey. Solar Impulse 2, however, spent a total of 505 days finishing the trip, far longer than the five months originally planned for the project. The plane wasn’t in the air for all of this time, of course. In fact, only 23 days were spent flying. |_ 17° These delays were caused by technical problems, especially with the batteries. Unlike typical planes, Solar Impulse 2 can stay in the air for a long time as it doesn’t need to land for fuel. In one part of the journey over the Pacific Ocean, with Borschberg at the controls, the plane and its two pilots stayed in the air for almost five days without landing!| 18 The previous best was only three days of continuous flight, made in a plane powered by traditional fuel. Energy from the sun (solar power), is free and environmentally friendly. | 19 So although it may have taken Solar Impulse 2 a long time, its flight had no negative effects on the environment. It’s hoped that this achievement will encourage the use of more solar power worldwide. Piccard and Borschberg are both from Switzerland. It’s actually not the first time that Piccard has travelled around the world.| 20 However, for this second trip he needed a pilot's licence, which took him over six years to get!In doing this, it set a new world record. The enormous size helps it to fly in this way but also causes problems. This is about the same as the world’s largest passenger plane. As well as helping the environment, it was also reasonably fast. In 1999, he made the same journey non-stop in a balloon. At first, he was really pleased about it. That's because pilots had to stop for long periods in various places. It doesn’t produce any of the damaging things that burning fuel creates.16 C: This compares the size of Solar Impulse 2's wings to a large passenger plane. The following sentence (‘Yet Solar Impulse 2 is over one-hundred times lighter’) compares the two planes again, so only this sentence fits here. 17 G: The sentence after the gap mentions ‘These delays’, so the sentence in the gap must contain information about delays, which G does (‘stop for long periods’) 18 A: The sentence before the gap mentions an amazing fact, and the sentence following the gap mentions a ‘previous best’, both of which relate to the ‘world record’ in A. 19 H: The sentences before and after the gap are about the environment, and sentence H matches these perfectly. 20 E: The sentence before the gap mentions that Piccard « had travelled around the world before, and the sentence after the gap tells us that he didn't need a pilot's licence for the first trip. E mentions doing ‘the same journey’ in a balloon, so this fits in the gap.Five sentences have been removed from the text below. For each question, choose the correct answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use. The best ways to learn another language There are thousands of different websites offering advice about the best ways to learn languages. Some of these claim that you can learn the language of your choice in only a few weeks.| 16 Therefore, expecting to be fluent in only a few weeks is clearly not realistic. The thought of learning a language can be quite frightening, especially as it seems such a huge task. Most people who think of doing so simply never try, as they listen to that voice in their heads that keeps telling them they can’t do it because it’s too much work. This same problem makes giving up once you've started very likely too. 17 When you achieve each one, you feel good and this helps to remove any feelings of fear you may have. Most language experts agree it’s better to learn new words and grammar using topics that interest you. Reading long lists of words is definitely not an efficient way of learning new vocabulary.| 18 Reading those same words in an article about a subject that you find interesting, however, won't send you to sleep and is a much better way to remember them. Many people will happily tell you that you can only learn a language really well when you're young, preferably a child.| 19 ] Instead, just carry on learning because there's plenty of evidence to show that, although adults learn in different ways from children, they can become just as good. Learning more about your own language can actually help you when it comes to trying a new language. Learning to use anything well involves gaining understanding of how it works, and languages are no different. | 20 You can then use what you've learnt when trying to develop your skills in the new language.It’s of course easier to do this using a language you already know well. That's why it’s important to break your learning up into small, clear goals. Therefore you'll be able to remember these new words forever. Most people also find it extremely boring. The longer you spend following these steps, the better your understanding will be. However, language learning is something that continues for the whole of your life. So your first language can actually make this more difficult. Don’t listen to them because it’s simply not true.16 F: This sentence contrasts with the one before the gap, which is about how some websites say you can learn a language in a few weeks. It uses ‘However’ to show this contrast. : The sentences before the gap say why people give up ‘trying to learn a language, sometimes before they've even started. Sentence B says what you should do to prevent this happening. :_D adds extra information about why learning long lists of words is not a good idea. ; The sentence before the gap gives an opinion which H says you shouldn't believe. The sentence after the gap explains why you shouldn't believe it. : The sentence before the gap explains how you need to gain understanding of how a language works to learn it well. A adds information, saying it’s easier ‘to do this’ using a language you know well.Questions 16 - 20 Five sentences have been removed from the text below. For each question, choose the correct answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use. The teenage businesswoman Tiffany Patterson has run her own beauty business since she was only fifteen years old. She has recently employed two members of staff to help her out, so her business is growing fast. ‘It was quite strange interviewing people for the jobs,’ explains Tiffany.| 16 Despite this, Tiffany says her new employees treat her with a lot of respect. Tiffany learnt to put make-up on others in her early teenage years, by helping out at her aunt’s beauty business. She’d already set up her own business by the time she began a part-time beauty course at college, aged sixteen. ‘I’d have beauty classes in the morning then would do make-up for family and friends in the afternoon,’ says Tiffany.| 17 Everyone liked what Tiffany did and she was soon earning a reasonable amount of money for a sixteen-year-old. What's even more amazing is that Tiffany finds reading and writing very hard. ‘I have something called dyslexia. Lots of people have this, but it makes reading and writing a real challenge,’ explains Tiffany.| 18 The help she received enabled her to pass the course easily and now she works at her business full time. ‘I got a place on the high street of my town about six months ago,’ says Tiffany. 19 So that’s when she decided to employ two other staff. This has allowed her to offer many more services to her customers: ‘They can both do things that | never learnt at college,’ explains Tiffany, ‘so we make a great team!’ As for the future, Tiffany has big plans. ‘I'd like to sell a wider range of beauty products and open places in other towns and cities too,’ says Tiffany.| 20 Looking at how well Tiffany has done so far, it’s sure to be a great success.‘| was soon so busy that | couldn’t do everything myself.’ ‘They've already been extremely helpful.” ‘So | was trying things I'd learnt at college later the same day.’ ‘I'm really looking forward to it starting soon.’ ‘Having a chain like this would greatly increase what | could earn.’ ‘They were all so much older than me and had much more experience.’ ‘It was because of these difficulties that | had to give up.’ ‘But the college provided lots of extra support with this difficulty.’19 A: 20 E: The sentence before describes how Tiffany found it strange when she employed two people. Sentence F explains why she found it strange, so this is the answer, :: Sentence C adds information that supports what Tiffany says in the previous sentence, so this is the answer. : ‘this’ in sentence H is about the problems that Tiffany has with reading and writing (her dyslexia). The sentence after the gap also mentions the help (‘support in sentence H) that Tiffany got, so H is the answer. The sentence after the gap mentions when Tiffany needed to employ two new staff, so the sentence in the gap needs to give a reason for Tiffany needing more employees, so A is the answer. ‘a chain like this’ in E is about the shops in other ‘towns and cities that Tiffany mentions in the sentence before the gap, so E is the answer.Questions 16 - 20 Five sentences have been removed from the text below. For each question, choose the correct answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use. Old photos found in a suitcase James Trenchard was twelve years old when he and his family moved house. The family’s new home was a large house in London built in the 1800s. It had more space than they needed, including a spare bedroom.| 16 The family didn’t try to move it and they just filled the room with boxes of things they didn’t have time to unpack. After a few months, James went into the spare bedroom, looking for some of his old school books that were still in the boxes. He pushed and pulled at the door without success. It seemed to be stuck, so James decided to make a bit more effort.| 18 Inside was a large leather suitcase covered in dust. James lifted it out of the wardrobe. It was very heavy and James was immediately curious about the contents. He got his dad to help him break the lock on the suitcase.| 19 That was because inside there were hundreds and hundreds of amazing black and white photos, all of London in the 1930s. They showed people sitting on the roofs of buses, policemen in the middle of busy streets directing traffic, and even circus elephants walking along a road. None of these were places in London that James recognised.| 20 They didn’t know what to do, so, after some discussion, father and son took the suitcase and its contents to a museum. The photos were looked at by staff there, who said this was one of the most important collections of photographs ever found. They are now appearing in an exhibition.They weren't familiar to his dad either. So he went downstairs and gave this key to his parents. While searching for these, he wondered what was in the old wardrobe. So they asked several experts what they should do. He tried one last time, and suddenly it flew open. This contained an ancient wardrobe left behind by the previous owner. When they finally got it open, they couldn’t believe their eyes. They selected the best one hundred photos for public display.16 F: ‘This contained an ancient wardrobe’ = There was a wardrobe in the spare bedroom. 17. C: ‘searching for these’ = looking for some of his school books 18 E: ‘it’ =the wardrobe door; ‘tried one last time’ refers to pushing and pulling the door to open it19 G: ‘they’ = James and his dad; ‘it’ = the suitcase. ‘Couldn't believe their eyes’ = they were surprised by what was inside. 20 A: James didn't recognise the places in London and his dad didn't recognise them either.