DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE CITY
San Ignacio St., Poblacion, City of San Jose del Monte 3023
12
General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1– Module 1:
Matter and Its Properties
(STEM_GC11MP-Ia-b-5)
12
General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Matter and Its Properties
(STEM_GC11MP-Ia-b-5)
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
FOREWORD
Learning can be both fun and interactive. So we present to you this
Learning Material that will provide valuable understanding of the topic being
presented. As a 21st century learner, this material can be your stepping stone
in achieving proficiency in the subject matter.
The elements serve as guides in your learning journey. The contents of
this learning materials, carefully prepared and developed by dedicated
teachers from various schools in the City of San Jose del Monte, provide
deeper understanding.
Treat this module like a friend and it will connect you with the
wonderful world of learning. If you are excited to have fun while learning, this
module is for you.
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What I Need to Know
This module was created to assist you in knowing the properties
of matter. Various examples of matter exist around us with different
properties. This is why having knowledge in the properties of matter
would be a great help in making better choices on everyday life activities
such as cooking, doing the laundry, washing dishes, etc. But the
knowledge application does not stop there, the properties of matter was
used in developing separation techniques in mixtures which can help
to solve complex world problems such as developing a new kind of
medicine, solving crimes, creating multipurpose mixtures, etc. The
instruction used in this module promotes self-paced learning and could
address different student learning styles.
Objectives: After reading this module, the learners are expected to
1. distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter;
2. construct a visual representation comparing the properties of two
(2) consumer products with the same kind but of different brands
which were used in their households; and
3. perform separation techniques for mixtures and compounds.
Learning Competencies:
1. Use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them
(STEM_GC11MP-Ia-b-5);
2. Compare consumer products on the basis of their components for
use, safety, quality, and cost (STEM_GC11MP-Ia-b-11); and
3. (LAB) Apply simple separation techniques such as distillation and
chromatography (STEM_GC11MP-Ia-b-12).
What I Know
Before you proceed, let us check your knowledge about the topic
of this module. On a sheet of paper, answer the following questions by
writing the letter of your choice. After taking and checking this pre-test,
note the questions that you were not able to answer correctly, go
throughout the module to find out the right answers.
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1. Which of the following BEST describes a matter?
a. anything that has a mass and a shape
b. anything that occupies space
c. anything that has a volume
d. anything that has a mass and weight
2. The volume of the water in a container was 250 mL. After 3 days,
the volume became 200 mL. Which BEST explains the decrease in
the amount of water in the container?
a. Some of the water was taken by the air.
b. Some of the water completely disappeared.
c. Some of the water escaped in the form of water vapor.
d. Some of the water was released because of its mass.
3. Which of the following makes a matter unique from one another?
a. mass
b. shape
c. properties
d. temperature
4. What may be used to be able to separate sand and gravel?
a. a sieve
b. a magnet
c. a filter paper
d. an evaporating dish
5. All of the following are examples of separation techniques EXCEPT:
a. decantation
b. sublimation
c. filtration
d. combustion
6. Which of the following is considered as a physical property of
matter?
a. volume
b. flammability
c. preferred oxidation state
d. combustibility
7. Which of the following is considered as a chemical property of
matter?
a. boiling point
b. volume
c. melting point
d. flammability
2
8. How do you describe an extensive physical property of matter?
a. It is a characteristic that can be observed when a matter reacts
with another substance.
b. It is the characteristic of matter which is dependent on the
amount or quantity
c. It is the characteristic of matter which not dependent on the
amount or quantity
d. This is the ability of a substance to be hammered or transformed
into a thin sheet.
9. Which of the following is the definition of the physical property of
matter?
a. The characteristic or trait of matter that can be observed or
perceived with our senses easily without changing its chemical
composition.
b. Any characteristic of matter that depends on the amount of
matter being measured.
c. Properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the
amount of the substance present.
d. This is the characteristic or trait that can be observed when a
matter reacts to another substance.
10. Which extensive physical properties of matter can be measured by
a ruler and a graduated cylinder?
a. malleability and combustibility
b. diffusion and volume
c. length and volume
d. flammability and combustibility
What’s In
LET US HAVE SOME FUN!
On a sheet of paper, complete the CROSSWORD PUZZLE by
using the provided clues below. If answered correctly the words will
neatly fit into the puzzle boxes. These words will help you unlock the
concept of this module.
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Down:
1. characteristics which make a substance different towards the other
2. used to separate metallic substances in a mixture
3. refers to whether a compound will burn when exposed to flame
5. the ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire
6. a thing that has a mass and a volume
Across:
4. the ability of a substance to be hammered or transformed into thin
sheets
5. a process of separating liquid substances of different boiling points
7. the ability of matter to be scattered or spread out
8. a measure of how easily a substance bursts into flame
9. a combination of two or more substances
What’s New
Let us have a quick experiment! On a sheet of paper, complete
the table and answer the guide questions provided. Rubrics for the
experiment is provided to grade your performance.
4
IDENTIFYING PROPERTIES
MATERIALS:
• 1.5 grams of flour, salt, and sugar
• Bond paper
• Glass of water
• Plate
• Toothpicks
PROCEDURE:
1. Put the 3 powdered materials in a piece of bond paper and make
many observations as you can.
2. Using the bond paper to transfer each material on its own
plate, filling the spot 1⁄2 full
3. Put enough water in each spot to fill the plate, do NOT stir.
4. Note any reactions.
5.Stir the contents of each spot for at least 45 seconds with the
toothpick, watch what happens with each of the powdered solids,
make sure the toothpick for each material is cleaned.
7.Complete the table below.
Substance Observations on Observations Observations
Name paper with water when stirred
5
8. Answer the following questions.
8.1. Which solid could you clearly distinguish from the other three after
the initial mixing with water?
8.2. Can you make a complete distinction betweenthree solids, based on
the findings of step 5?
8.3 List the different identifying features you found in these materials.
9. Give your conclusion of the performed activity.
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What is It
Properties of Matter are observable characteristics or qualities
which makes a substance apart or unique towards another substance.
Physical properties can be measured and observed without changing
the constituents or identity of a substance. To further understand this,
observe the picture below.
We could say that the
sugar is brown, crystal-like,
and cubic in shape. By just
looking at the picture, we can
say that physical properties of
matter can be easily
determined by just using our
senses.
Furthermore, the physical properties of matter can be classified
as either intensive or extensive properties of matter.
a. Intensive properties (intrinsic properties) are characteristics
that do not depend on the size or amount of a substance.
Examples: texture, color, odor, hardness, density, melting point,
boiling point, solubility, conductivity, malleability, luster, and
viscosity.
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b. Extensive property (extrinsic property) – those that do depend
on the amount or quantity of a sample
Examples: volume, mass, length, area, and shape.
Chemical properties are characteristics observed when a substance
reacts to other substance, thus, forming new substances resulting in
chemical change altering the composition of matter. Some examples are
combustibility (if a substance is capable of burning), flammability
(ability of a substance to cause a combustion), and reactivity (if a
substance will undergo chemical reaction with another substance).
FLAMMABILITY OF PAPER CURDLING OF MILK RUSTING OF IRON
WHEN VINEGAR WAS
ADDED
What’s More
EXPERIMENT TIME!
Apply your knowledge in the properties of matter upon
separating mixtures at the comfort of your homes! On a sheet of paper,
answer the post-activities and provide a documentation of your
experiment. A rubric will be presented for you to be able to base your
output on it. Observe the proper attire and safety precautions
whenever doing an experiment, even at home!
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SEPARATING MIXTURES
A. SOLID MIXTURE
What You Need:
• iron flakes, salt, sand, and naphthalene(powdered) mixture
• bond paper
• magnet
• small pan with a glass cover for evaporation
• Oslo paper (home alternative for filter paper)
• 3 clear glass
• water
• stove
• pin
PROCEDURES:
1. Place 1 spoonful of the mixture (iron flakes, salt, sand and powdered
naphthalene) on a bond paper.
2. Place a magnet underneath the paper. Move the magnet to segregate the
magnetized substance.
3. Transfer the mixture to a small pan covered by pricked oslo paper to make
tiny holes (using a pin) followed by the glass cover.
4. Heat the pan until crystals are visible in the glass cover.
5. Recover the and transfer crystals in a clear glass, then add 20mL of water
into the glass. Observe what will happen to the crystals when mixed with
water.
6. Go back to the remaining mixture in the pan and add 20mL of water. Mix
it thoroughly and then filter it into another glass using an oslo paper
(alternative for filter paper).
7. Transfer the filtrate (recovered substance in the glass at Procedure 6) to the
pan again. Heat until fluid evaporates all over. Observe the color of the
residue.
8. Transfer the residue into a glass, then add 20mL of water. Observe what
will happen when mixed with water
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POST ACTIVITY 1:
1. What substances are obtained when the separation has been applied?
a. Magnetic Separation:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b. Sublimation:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c. Filtration:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
d. Evaporation:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Explain the role of properties of matter in obtaining a substance when the
separation took place for:
a. Magnetic Separation:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b. Sublimation:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c. Filtration:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
d. Evaporation:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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3. Explain each of the processes which happened in the separation methods
applied in this experiment.
a. Magnetic Separation:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b. Sublimation:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c. Filtration:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
d. Evaporation:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
B. LIQUID MIXTURE CHROMATOGRAPHY
What You Need:
• 3 colored markers
• 3 tall clear drinking cups
• 3 pencils coffee filter/paper towel/oslo paper (any of the three)
• scissors
• tape
• ruler
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PROCEDURES:
1. Draw three 2.5 cm x 15 cm (1 "x 6") rectangles on the coffee filter using the ruler
and pencil. Then cut the rectangles out. These are the strips for your test.
2. Make a dot about 2.5 cm (1) "up from the bottom of each strip with a pencil.
3. Make a big dot with a colored marker on top of the penciled dot. Repeat for
each strip with the other stripes using a different colored marker.
4. Put a pencil over the mouth of one cup. Place a strip inside the cup so it
just touches the bottom of the cup. Tape onto the pencil strip. Repeat with
strips, pencils, and other cups.
5. Remove the strips and fill each cup with approximately 1.7 cm (0.6) "of
water.
6. Replace the strips (pencil taped) and wait 15 minutes. What are you
witnessing?
POST ACTIVITY 2
After observing what happened, kindly complete the table below.
Distance travelled by Number of components the marker
Marker each marker has. (How many colors are seen
component (in cm) because of separation)
Marker 1
Marker 2
Marker 3
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1. Compare the three (3) markers. Which ones seem to be the same?
Which ones seem to be different?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Elaborate what’s going on in our chromatography experiment that
enabled us to attain the results that we have observed.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Separating Mixtures Experiment Rubric
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Independently Independently Independently Needed an
developed a developed a developed a adult
hypothesis hypothesis hypothesis assistance
upon with the aid of with the aid of in
Hypothesis
observation of literature literature and developing
Development
the upon media upon hypothesis.
phenomena. observation of observation of
the the
phenomena. phenomena.
Independently Follows Needs Attempts to
follows all the written constant perform
procedures as directions, assistance, experiment
written, may make may need without
adheres to all minor safety constant reading or
Experiment safety rules, infractions. reminders of following the
cleans up as safety, may directions,
directed. leave disregards
materials out. safety, does
not clean
up.
Clear, Clear, Clear, Unclear,
accurate, accurate, but inaccurate, inaccurate,
complete incomplete and and
Discussion discussion on discussion on incomplete incomplete
of Findings observation of observation of discussion on discussion
evidences. evidences. observation of on
evidences. observation
of evidences.
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Provided a Provided a Provided a No
detailed somewhat conclusion conclusion
conclusion detailed with some or important
clearly based conclusion data and the details were
on the data clearly based hypothesis overlooked.
and related to on the data statement(s).
Conclusion
previous and related to
research the
findings and hypothesis
the statement(s).
hypothesis
statement(s).
What I Have Learned
1.Matter has two properties: Physical Properties which can be observed
without changing the constituents of the substance and is subdivided into
intensive and extensive properties; and Chemical Properties which are
observed when there is a new substance being formed.
2. Extensive Properties depend on the amount or quantity of a substance.
It can be mass, volume, length, shape and area.
3. Intensive Properties do not depend on the amount or quantity of a
substance. It can be texture, color, odor, hardness, density, melting point,
boiling point. Solubility, malleability, luster and viscosity.
4. Chemical Properties can be combustibility, stability, reactivity, relative
activity, ionization and toxicity.
5. Properties of Matter can be useful in separation methods such as magnetic
separation, sublimation, filtration, sublimation and chromatography.
14
What I Can Do
Construct a diagram comparing two (2) consumer products of the same
use but different brands based on the following: use, safety, quality and cost.
Base your output on the rubric provided below for grading.
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Title is Title is Title is The title is
informative, informative informative incomplete
centered, and and larger and centered. and does not
larger than than other clearly
Title
other text. text. indicate what
consumer
products was
pictured.
All main Some main Some main All main
concept can be concept can concept is not concepts are
easily be easily clearly not clearly
identified; identified; identified; identified;
Arrangement
sub-concepts sub-concepts sub-concepts sub-concepts
of Concepts
branch branch from didn’t didn’t
appropriately the main idea. consistently consistently
from the main branch from branch from
idea. the main idea. the main idea.
Linking lines Linking lines Linking lines Linking lines
connect not always not always never points in
related point point in pointing in correct
in correct correct correct direction;
Linking direction; direction; direction; linking words
Lines linking words linking words linking words don’t clarify
accurately accurately don’t clarify relationships
describe describe relationships between
relationship. relationship. between concepts.
concepts.
Reflects all Reflects most Reflects some Does not
essential essential essential reflect
information; is information; is information; is essential
Content
logically logically logically information; is
arranged. arranged. arranged. not logically
arranged.
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Assessment
Let us see how well you’ve understood this module. On a piece of
paper, choose the letter of the correct answer. If you are not confident
enough, you may review the content once again.
1. If you use a ruler to measure the length of a table, what Physical
property of matter are you measuring?
a. Extensive Physical Property
b. Intensive Physical Property
c. Chemical Property
d. Geometrical Property
2. Which Chemical Property is being observed in rusting of iron?
a. Flammability
b. Combustibility
c. Reactivity
d. Malleability
3. Which property of matter is being described when water which is in
a liquid state became solid due to extremely low temperature?
a. Boiling Point
b. Freezing Point
c. Melting Point
d. Evaporation Point
4. How do you describe the chemical property of matter?
a. can be measured by tape or a graduated cylinder
b. dependent on the amount or quantity of a substance
c. does not depend on amount or quantity of a substance
d. are observed when there is a new substance being formed.
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5. Copper is metal that is a very good conductor of electricity. It is
widely used in electronics. What property of matter is being exhibited
by the metal copper when it is stretch into a wire?
a. Malleability
b. Ductility
c. Flammability
d. Boiling Point
6. Which separation technique uses differences in boiling points of
various substances to separate mixtures?
a. Filtration
b. Crystallization
c. Distillation
d. Chromatography
7. In the filtration process, what will you call a substance which passed
through the filter?
a. Sublimate
b. Filtrate
c. Residue
d. Precipitate
8. What is the correct order for obtaining salt from a mixture of salt
and sand?
a. Dissolution – Filtration - Evaporation
b. Evaporation – Filtration - Dissolution
c. Filtration – Dissolution - Evaporation
d. Dissolution – Filtration – Precipitation
9. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the annual Filipino
rice consumption on average is 119 kilos. What Physical Property of
matter is being measured?
a. Intensive Physical Property
b. Extensive Physical Property
c. Intraphysical Property
d. Interphysical Property
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10. Which property would you look for in order to separate iron paper
clips and plastic paper clips?
a. Density
b. Boiling Point
c. Hardness
d. Malleability
Additional Activities
Look for five (5) more separation techniques. On a sheet of paper,
draw a picture of its set-up and elaborate the process which happens upon
separating the substances. Base your output on the rubric provided below for
grading.
Weight
for each
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Category
y
Lines are There are a There are a There are
clear and few few several
not erasures, erasures, erasures,
smudged. smudged smudged smudged
There are lines or lines or lines or
almost no stray stray stray
erasures or marks on marks on marks on
stray the paper, the paper the paper
marks on but they do which which
the paper. not greatly detract detract
Color is detract from the from the
Drawing used from the drawing or drawing.
x1
in general carefully to drawing. color is not Overall,
enhance Color is used the
drawing. used to carefully. quality of
Stippling is carefully Overall, the the
used enhance quality of drawing
instead of the the is poor.
shading. drawing. drawing is
Overall, the Overall, the fair.
quality of drawing is
the good.
drawing is
excellent.
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Every item Almost all Most items Less than
that needs items (90%) (75-89%) 75% of
to be that needs that needs the items
identified to be to be that
has a label. identified identified needs to
It is clear have labels. have labels. be
which label It is clear It is clear identified
goes with which label which label have
Labels x2
which goes with goes with labels. It
structure. which which is not
structure. structure. clear
which
label goes
with
which
structure.
95% or 85-94% of 80% of the Less than
more of the the needed needed 60% of
needed graphics graphics the
graphics are drawn are drawn needed
Accuracy x3 are drawn accurately accurately graphics
accurately and are and are are drawn
and are recognizabl recognizabl accuratel
recognizabl e. e. y.
e.
All of the Most of the Some of the None of
concepts concepts concepts the
needed to needed to needed to concepts
be be be needed to
Elaboratio
discussed discussed discussed be
n of x4
are are are discussed
Concept
elaborated elaborated elaborated. are
as well as elaborate
the d.
references.
19
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WHAT’S MORE
A. Solid Mixture
1.
a. Magnetic Separation: iron flakes
b. Sublimation: naphthalene
c. Filtration: sand
d. Evaporation: salt
2.
a. Magnetic Separation: Since iron flakes is a type of metal, one of its property is
to be attracted to magnets, that’s why it played a role upon doing separation
using magnet.
b. Sublimation: Naphthalene has a capability to sublime.
c. Filtration: Sand cannot be dissolved in water that’s why it was filtered.
d. Evaporation: Salt was the residue in evaporation because the water evaporates
when it reached its boiling point.
3.
a. Magnetic Separation: This separation technique uses magnet as the main tool
in order to separate metals towards other substances.
b. Sublimation: This separation technique lets a solid substance be separated by
undergoing the gas phase already without undergoing liquid phase.
c. Filtration: This separation technique allows to separate an insoluble solid in a
mixture. The substance which remains in the strainer is called residue, whereas
the liquid that passes through the strainer is called filtrate.
d. Evaporation: This separation technique allows to convert a liquid to gas
leaving the solid in the evaporating pan.
WHAT’S IN What I Know
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. C
Answer Key
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ASSESSMENT
1. A 6. C
2. C 7. B
3. B 8. A WHAT’S NEW
4. D 9. B Answers on the table and
in the guide questions
5. B 10. A may vary.
WHAT’S MORE
B. Liquid Mixture Chromatography
Distance Travelled by Number of components the marker
Marker each marker component has. (How many colors are seen
(in cm) because of separation)
Marker 4-10 cm but your answer may You may See 2 or more colors
1 vary
Marker 4-10 cm but your answer may You may See 2 or more colors
2 vary
Marker 4-10 cm but your answer may You may See 2 or more colors
3 vary
1. The colors produced are dependent on the colors of the marker you used
in the experiment. But most of the time black is composed of more color
pigments than the other colors of the marker.
2.Chromatography is a method for separating mixtures They separate the
substances they're made from. It is mostly used separating mixtures such
as dye, blood, petrol, and lipstick. In Tincture (Ink) Chromatography, you
separate certain colored pigments that make up the marker. And if a pen
just writes down One pigment, the dye is composed of a combination of
various Pigment of colors.
To do a chromatography of the ink,
you place a tiny ink dot to be Separated from a filter paper strip at one end
or from Oslo paper. That paper's end strip is dipped into the solvent. The
solvent passes up to the sheet of paper and it dissolves the mixture of
chemicals as it moves upwards and pulls them up.
References
Chang, Raymond. 2010. Chemistry 10th Edition. New York City: The McGraw-
Hill Companies, Inc.
Dizon, Reynald D. et.al. 2016. General Chemistry 1. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
Rodil, Mary Sheenalyn P. et. al. 2017. Conceptual Science and Beyond:
General Chemistry 1. Quezon City: Brillian Creation Publishing, Inc.
This material was contextualized and localized by the
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Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE
MERLINA P. CRUZ PhD, CESO VI
Officer-in-Charge
Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
ERICSON S. SABACAN EdD, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
ROLANDO T. SOTELO DEM
Chief, Curriculum and Implementation Division
ANNALYN L. GERMAN EdD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
ESPERANZA D. ESPAÑOLA
Science, Education Program Supervisor
MARILOU RELOX-MARFIL & ROCELIO S. GARCIA
Sapang Palay National High School-Senior High
Writer / Illustrator / Layout Artist
MICHAEL ANGELO B. PAGARA
Graceville Elementary school
Cover Art Designer
JIOS VER D. TEMPORAL
Sapang Palay National High School-Senior High
Content Editor
BILLY RAY B. MANUEL
Sapang Palay National High School-Senior High
Language Reviewer
MARY GRACE L. SAGUN
Sapang Palay National High School-Senior High
Layout Editor
23
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of San Jose Del Monte City –
Learning Resource Management and Development Section (LRMDS)
San Ignacio Street, Poblacion, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
