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ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
Prepared by: Mufeed V. E
Chapter 1
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES
Definition
➢ Engineering Mechanics is a branch of physical science that
deals with study of forces and their effect on bodies.
OR
➢ which deals with the Study and Prediction of the State of
Rest or Motion of Bodies under the action of Force.
➢Mechanics provides the "building blocks" of statics,
dynamics, strength of materials, and fluid dynamics.
Effect of force on a body
1)External Effects
- Motion (Displacement, Velocity and
acceleration)
2) Internal Effects
- Deformation ( stress and Strain)
• It is that branch of Engineering Mechanics, which deals with
the forces and their effects, while acting upon the bodies in
motion.
Dynamics
Kinematics Kinetics
• Description of motion with no • Study of motion considering
regard to what is causing it the force
• Distance, position, angle, • What forces were involved to
acceleration.etc.. produce this motion?
• how fast, how far, and how long • - Weight - Friction -
it takes... Aerodynamic drag, torque,etc….
• Eg: Velocity & Acceleration of • Eg: Forces applied on a ball
a moving ball while we kick,tension in lift…
FORCE (F or P)
• It is the interaction between 2 bodies
• It represents an action which when exerted on a body causes or
tends to cause a change of state of rest or of uniform motion.
• It is a vector quantity
• SI Unit is Newton (N) or Kgm/S²
• in CGS system, Unit of force is Dyne or gcm/S²
• 1 dyne = 10¯⁵N
System of Forces
A) Collinear and Non-collinear
forces
B) Concurrent Forces
C) Co-planar & Non-coplanar
Forces
Contd:-
• parallel and unlike force
D) LIKE PARALLEL FORCES E)
Calculation of Resultant Force
a) Two force System
(i) Triangular Law
(ii) Parallelogram Law
b) Three force System
(i) Lami’s Theorem
c) Multi Force System
(i) Polygon law
Triangle law (Co-planar forces)
Conditions:-
Lami’s Theorem
If 3 coplanar, concurrent and non collinear forces
acting on a point be in equilibrium, then each force is
proportional to sine of the angle b/w other two forces.
Polygon law
• If a number of vectors can be represented in magnitude and
direction by the sides of a polygon taken in the same order,
then their resultant is represented in magnitude and
direction by the closing side of the polygon taken in the
opposite order.
Example:-
Principle of Transmissibility
Moment(M)
• The turning effect produced by a force, on the body
• Force –Translate the body
Moment – Rotate the body about a point.
▪Moment= F*per.distance from pivot point (Nm)
Couple of a force
❖ Two parallel forces that are equal in magnitude, opposite in sense and
do not share a line of action.
❖ It does not produce any translation, only rotation. ....
Equilibrium of Forces
• Stable condition of a body
• Resultant is zero
a) For coplanar System
b) ΣMz= 0
➢Couple is not in equilibrium as forces
are equal
1) If the X- component of a force is negative
and the Y- component is positive, the direction
of force must be lie in the: (SSC)
a) Fourth quadrant
b) First quadrant
c) Second quadrant
d)Third quadrant
2) Two tensile forces, each of magnitude ‘F’
are acting at a point perpendicular to each
other, then their resultant force will be:
(SSC,KPAE)
a)Zero
b) √F Hint:√f² + f² = (√2 )F
c) √2
d)V2 F
3) The force which meet at one point and their
lines of action in different planes are
called………… (SSC,PSC)
a) Coplanar ,non-concurrent forces
b) non-Coplanar, concurrent forces
c) Non-Coplanar, non-concurrent forces
d) Intersecting forces
4)The resultant of two forces P & Q inclined at
an angle φ will be inclined at following angle
w.r.t.’
P’ …….. (SSC)
a) φ/2
b)tan-1 (Qsin φ)/(P+QCos φ )
c) tan-1 (Psin /(Q+PCos φ )
φ)
d) tan-1 (Qcos φ)/(P+Qsin φ )
5) If a point A is in equilibrium under the
action of applied force, the values of tension
Tab & Tac are respectively….. (SSC)
A)520 N & 300 N
B) 300 N & 520 N Tab
C) 450 N & 150 N Tac
D) 150 N & 450 N 60ͣ A
600 N
6) Two forces act in such a way that when they are
perpendicular to each other the resultant is √20 N
and when the angle is 60,resultant is √36 N. What
is the sum of forces? (SSC,RRB)
a) 7.2 N
b)14.4N Hint: √f1² + f2² = √20
c)3.5 N √f1² + f2² + f1f2 = √36
d)21.6 N (f1 + f2)² = ?
7) Engineering Mechanics is deals with the
study of……… (SSC)
a) Deformable bodies
b) Fluid Bodies
c) Rigid bodies
d)plastic bodies
8) Lami’s theorem is valid for………..
a) Coplanar forces only
b) Concurrent force only
c) Both Coplanar & concurrent
d) Neither coplanar & nor concurrent
9)Parallelogram law of force constitute a……
(SSC,KPSC)
a) Single force system
b) Two force system
c) Three force system
d) Multi force system
10) Which of the following is not a unit of
force? (SSC)
a) Newton
b)gcm/s²
c)dyne
d)Pound
e)kgm/s
Answers
1)C 6) A
2)D 7) C
3)B 8) C
4)B 9) B
5)A 10)E
…….. ………
