Republic of Iraq Refining Dep.
Ministry of oil Operating and control division
Missan oil training Institute Heat transfer lab.
First stage
Theory: -
Heat moves through flat objects a Linearly, meaning that the time rate of
heat transfer is proportional to the area and the change in temperature and
inversely with the distance towards the heat path (body thickness).
The heat transfer can be expressed linearly depending on Fourier’s law:
𝑲 𝑨 ∆𝑻
𝒒=
∆𝒙
Object: -
1- Study of the linear conduction of heat
2- Temperature distribution on flat objects
3- Draw a graph showing the effect of the reaching coefficient by changing the
temperature
procedure: -
1- Connecting the device to the electrical power source.
2- Connecting the thermal sensor wires to the control unit.
3- Connect the device to the cooling water pipe and regulate the flow rate.
4- Operating the device through the power supply unit and then from the control unit
operating switch.
5- Control the amount of heating power by controlling voltages and amperes on the
required value.
6- After the temperatures reach a steady state, the temperatures are recorded by the
control unit, as well as the amount of heat prepared and the rate of flow.
7- Turn off the device through the Main Switch.
Republic of Iraq Refining Dep.
Ministry of oil Operating and control division
Missan oil training Institute Heat transfer lab.
First stage
Theory: -
Heat moves through cylindrical bodies diagonally, meaning that the
temperature gradient is in a direction parallel to the radius. Heat transfer
through cylindrical objects can be expressed by relying Fourier’s law:
𝟐𝝅𝑲𝒍 ∆𝑻
𝒒=
𝒓𝟐
𝒍𝒏
𝒓𝟏
Object: -
1- Study of the radial conduction of heat
2- Temperature distribution on cylindrical objects
3- Draw a graph showing the effect of the reaching coefficient by changing
the temperature
procedure: -
1- Connecting the device to the electrical power source.
2- Connecting the thermal sensor wires to the control unit.
3- Connect the device to the cooling water pipe and regulate the flow rate.
4- Operating the device through the power supply unit and then from the
control unit operating switch.
5- Control the amount of heating power by controlling voltages and amperes on
the required value.
6- After the temperatures reach a steady state, the temperatures are recorded by
the control unit, as well as the amount of heat prepared and the rate of flow.
7- Turn off the device through the Main Switch.
Republic of Iraq Refining Dep.
Ministry of oil Operating and control division
Missan oil training Institute Heat transfer lab.
First stage
Theory: -
Extended Surfaces: -
are metal parts of various shapes attached to the metal parts of the equipment in
which they are generated high temperature, for the purpose of increasing the surface
area and thus increasing the amount of heat transferred from the equipment is
transferred to the surrounding atmosphere for the purpose of protecting the
equipment or apparatus from melting or exposure to problems during work.
Object: -
Comparison of the theoretically calculated thermal distribution of the stretched
surface with the recorded heat distribution in practice
procedure: -
1- Connecting the device to the electrical power source.
2- Connecting the thermal sensor wires to the control unit.
3- Operating the device through the power supply unit and then from the control
unit operating switch
4- Control the amount of heating power by controlling voltages and amperes on the
required value (low heating power).
5- After the temperatures reach a steady state, the temperatures are recorded by
the control unit, as well as the amount of heat prepared.
6- Turn off the device through the Main Switch
-7
Republic of Iraq Refining Dep.
Ministry of oil Operating and control division
Missan oil training Institute Heat transfer lab.
First stage
Theory: -
The process of heat transfer by convection is one of the main methods of
heat transfer for fluids as a result of the density difference resulting from
the temperature change. Convection currents arise as the fluid layer in
contact with the hot surface is hotter than the next layer, which leads to a
decrease in its density and rises to be replaced by the layer with a lower
temperature.
Object: -
1- Determining the convective heat transfer coefficient for one of the heating
elements
2- Determining the amount of heat transferred to the air
procedure: -
1- Connect the device to the electrical power supply
2- Heating element selection
3- Turn on the device by turning on the main switch
4- Adjust the electrical power supplied to the heating element through the control
panel
5- The device is monitored until a stable state is reached, i.e. temperatures are
stable
6- The temperatures of the heating element and the entry and exit of air are
recorded
7- Turn off the device through the main switch
Republic of Iraq Refining Dep.
Ministry of oil Operating and control division
Missan oil training Institute Heat transfer lab.
First stage
Theory: -
Heat exchangers: -
are one of the most important industrial equipment whose work depends on
heat transfer applications by convection, conducting and benefit the heat of
one fluid to heat the other fluid without mixing them.
Object: -
1- Comparison of current flow and counter current flow operation for heat
transmission and representation of temperature curves.
2- Comparison of heat transmission for the different heat exchanger types.
procedure: -
1- Connect the device to the electrical power supply
2- Choosing the type of heat exchanger that will be worked on and a connection to
the service unit
3- Check the water level in the hot water tank (B)
4- The service unit is equipped with cold water by connecting it to the main source
5- Determine the type of flow
6- Open the regulator valve for cold water (V2) With the flow rate fixed to a certain
value
7- Turn on the heater in the hot water tank through the button to turn it on with
temperature setting by heater controls
8- Open the regulator valve for hot water (V1) With the flow rate fixed to a certain
value
9- Start the hot water pump (P)
10-Wait until the temperature stabilizes and then take the readings
Republic of Iraq Refining Dep.
Ministry of oil Operating and control division
Missan oil training Institute Heat transfer lab.
First stage
Theory: -
The process of water cooling is one of the important operations in the industrial
fields, especially the great development in the fields of the oil industry, which
consumes large quantities of water for cooling and production purposes, as
water is one of the best liquids in the field of heat disposal, due to its abundance
and ability to absorb a large amount of heat.
Object: -
1- Study of the cooling process during the filling tower
2- Finding the amount of heat transferred
3- Extract relative humidity
4- Extract dew point and absolute humidity from table
procedure: -
1- Wetting the bulb with water and packing the water tank at the bottom of the
tower through the orifice hole until it touches the temperature sensor in the tank
2- Connect the device to the electrical power source
3- The device is operated through the main switch
4- The water pump is operated through the pump switch on the control panel and
the flowmeter valve is opened to obtain the maximum flow rate
5- Turn on the heaters and determine the value of the heating capacity
6- Waiting until the temperature in the main water tank is stable (that is ,the
temperature of the water in the tank and the one coming down from the top of
the tower is equal)
7- Operating the fan at the top of the cooling tower and determining the air flow
rate by measuring the pressure difference of the moving air
8- Waiting for a certain period of time until stability is reached and temperatures
are recorded
Republic of Iraq Refining Dep.
Ministry of oil Operating and control division
Missan oil training Institute Heat transfer lab.
First stage
1-
2-
Theory: -
Thermal radiation is defined as the continuous emission of energy from the
surfaces of various objects by electromagnetic waves without the need for a
medium that is transmitted through a vacuum.
Object: -
1- Study of heat transfer by radiation
2- Studying the effect of changing the sample on the intensity of radiation
3- Calculate the total energy emitted from the sample
4- Calculate the intensity of radiation
procedure: -
1- Start the device and software.
2- In the software, select the "Stefan-Boltzmann law" experiment.
3- calibrate the thermopile
4- The thermopile is screwed into place at a given distance, e.g., 150mm .
Other lengths are possible.
5- Select the sample and place onto the first sample holder with align the sample
6- Switch on the lamp to about 30%.
7- Once the measured values in the graph of the chart recorder have stopped
fluctuating, record the measuring point. (The best results should be in the
temperature range of (250-480°C).
8- Increase lamp power.
9- Repeat step 7, five measured values are often sufficient for a meaningful
illustration.
Republic of Iraq Refining Dep.
Ministry of oil Operating and control division
Missan oil training Institute Heat transfer lab.
First stage
Theory: -
Heat moves through flat objects a Linearly, meaning that the time rate of
heat transfer is proportional to the area and the change in temperature and
inversely with the distance towards the heat path (body thickness).
The heat transfer can be expressed linearly depending on Fourier’s law:
𝑲 𝑨 ∆𝑻
𝒒=
∆𝒙
Object: -
1- Study of the linear conduction of heat
2- Temperature distribution on flat objects
3- Draw a graph showing the effect of the reaching coefficient by changing the
temperature
procedure: -
1- Connecting the device to the electrical power source.
2- Connecting the thermal sensor wires to the control unit.
3- Connect the device to the cooling water pipe and regulate the flow rate.
4- Operating the device through the power supply unit and then from the control unit
operating switch.
5- Control the amount of heating power by controlling voltages and amperes on the
required value.
6- After the temperatures reach a steady state, the temperatures are recorded by the
control unit, as well as the amount of heat prepared and the rate of flow.
8- Turn off the device through the Main Switch.
Republic of Iraq Refining Dep.
Ministry of oil Operating and control division
Missan oil training Institute Heat transfer lab.
First stage
Theory: -
Heat moves through flat objects a linearly, meaning that the time rate of
heat transfer is proportional to the area and the change in temperature and
inversely with the distance towards the heat path (body thickness).
The heat transfer can be expressed linearly depending on Fourier’s law:
𝑲 𝑨 ∆𝑻
𝒒=
∆𝒙
Object: -
Steady heat conduction in gases and liquids:
1- determine the thermal resistance of fluids
2- determination of thermal conductivities k for different fluids at different
temperatures
procedure: -
1- Connecting the device to the electrical power source.
2- Connecting the thermal sensor wires to the control unit.
3- Connect the device to the cooling water pipe and regulate the flow rate.
4- Operating the device through the power supply unit and then from the control unit
operating switch.
5- Control the amount of heating power by controlling voltages and amperes on the
required value.
6- After the temperatures reach a steady state, the temperatures are recorded by the
control unit, as well as the amount of heat prepared and the rate of flow.
7- Turn off the device through the Main Switch.
