Factorial Notation:
4! = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
Permutation
- Arrangement
- Sequence matters
- 123 and 321 two cases
Combination
- SeleCtion
- Sequence does no matter
- 123 and 321 same case
1 How many 5-digit numbers greater than
20000 can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6 and 7 if no repitition of digits is
allowed?
2 How many 6-digit numbers greater than
300000 can be formed from the digits 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 if no repitition of digits is
allowed?
3 How many 1-letter words can be formed
from 5 letters if no repetition of letters is
allowed?
4 How many 6-letter words can be formed
from 7 letters if no repetition of letters is
allowed?
5 How many 5-digit numbers can be formed
from the digits 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 if the
numbers are
(a) less than 70 000?
(b) odd numbers?
6 How many 6-digit numbers can be formed
from the digits 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 if the
numbers are
(a) less than 600 000?
(b) odd numbers?
7 There are 5 different t-shirts and 5 trousers
on a cupboard. Calcualte the number of
different ways to arrange all the clothes in a
row if
(a) no condition is imposed.
(b) all the trousers are next to each other.
8 There are 4 different t-shirts and 5 trousers
on a cupboard. Calcualte the number of
different ways to arrange all the clothes in a
row if
(a) no condition is imposed.
(b) all the trousers are next to each other.
9 How many ways can all the letters in the
word 'BANGED' be arranged by having
vowels as the first and the last letters?
10 How many ways can all the letters in the
word 'BLOUSE' be arranged by having
vowels as the first and the last letters?
11 How many ways can 5 letters from the word
'SURGICAL' be arranged in a row and
having a vowel as the first letter?
12 How many ways can 5 letters from the word
'BLOTCHING' be arranged in a row and
having a vowel as the first letter?
13 How many 5-digit numbers less than 60000
can be formed from the digits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and 7 if
(a) repetition allowed?
(b) no repetition allowed?
14 How many 5-digit numbers less than
100000 can be formed from the digits 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 if
(a) repetition allowed?
(b) no repetition allowed?
15 There are 16 marbles, each with a different
colour, which are to be divided equally
between 2 children. Find the number of
different ways the division of the marbles
can be done.
16 There are 14 marbles, each with a different
colour, which are to be divided equally
between 2 children. Find the number of
different ways the division of the marbles
can be done.
17 A school wants to choose 4 students from a
group of 6 boys and 7 girls to participate in
a national mathematics contest. Calculate
the number of ways the students can be
chosen if
(a) there is no restriction.
(b) the students chosen consists of 2 boys
and 2 girls.
18 A school wants to choose 4 students from a
group of 6 boys and 6 girls to participate in
a national mathematics contest. Calculate
the number of ways the students can be
chosen if
(a) there is no restriction.
(b) the students chosen consists of 2 boys
and 2 girls.
19 A florist want to choose 7 roses from a box
of 8 red roses and 7 white roses to decorate
a hamper. Calculate the number of ways the
roses can be chosen if
(a) there is no restriction.
(b) there are more red roses than white roses
chosen.
20 A florist want to choose 5 roses from a box
of 7 red roses and 7 white roses to decorate
a hamper. Calculate the number of ways the
roses can be chosen if
(a) there is no restriction.
(b) there are more red roses than white roses
chosen.
21 16 students are chosen randomly from a
group of 18 students as prefects. Kristy and
Norliza are chosen together with 14 others.
How many ways can the 2 prefects be
chosen?
22 10 students are chosen randomly from a
group of 17 students as prefects. Jonathan
and Shamila are chosen together with 8
others. How many ways can the 2 prefects
be chosen?
23 In how many ways can 2 items be selected
from a collection of 16 items for promotion?
24 In how many ways can 5 items be selected
from a collection of 19 items for promotion?
Answer:
1 6 6 5 4 3
Number of ways = 6 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3
= 2160
2 6 7 6 5 4 3
Number of ways = 6 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3
= 15120
3 Number of words = 5P1
=5
4 Number of words = 7P6
= 5040
5 (a) 3 5 4 3 2
Number of ways = 3 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2
= 360
(b) 5 4 3 2 3
Number of ways = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 3
= 360
6 (a) 2 6 5 4 3 2
Number of ways = 2 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2
= 1440
(b) 6 5 4 3 2 3
Number of ways = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 3
= 2160
7 (a) Number of ways = 10!
= 3628800
(b) Number of ways = 6! × 5!
= 720 × 120
= 86400
8 (a) Number of ways = 9!
= 362880
(b) Number of ways = 5! × 5!
= 120 × 120
= 14400
9 2 4 3 2 1 1
Number of arrangements = 2 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 × 1
= 48
10 3 4 3 2 1 2
Number of arrangements = 3 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 × 2
= 144
11 3 7 6 5 4
Number of arrangements = 3 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4
= 2520
12 2 8 7 6 5
Number of arrangements = 2 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5
= 3360
13 (a) 4 6 6 6 6
Number of ways = 4 × 6 × 6 × 6 × 6
= 5184
(b) 4 5 4 3 2
Number of ways = 4 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2
= 480
14 (a) 6 7 7 7 7
Number of ways = 6 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7
= 14406
(b) 6 6 5 4 3
Number of ways = 6 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3
= 2160
15 Number of ways = 16C8 × 8C8
= 12870 × 1
= 12870
16 Number of ways = 14C7 × 7C7
= 3432 × 1
= 3432
17 (a) Number of ways = 13C4
= 715
(b) Number of ways = 6C2 × 7C2
= 315
18 (a) Number of ways = 12C4
= 495
(b) Number of ways = 6C2 × 6C2
= 225
19 (a) Number of ways = 15C7
= 6435
(b) The possible ways:
7 red roses and 0 white rose
6 red roses and 1 white rose
5 red roses and 2 white rose
4 red roses and 3 white rose
Number of ways
= 8C7 × 7C0 + 8C6 × 7C1 + 8C5 × 7C2 + 8C4 × 7C3
= 3830
20 (a) Number of ways = 14C5
= 2002
(b) The possible ways:
5 red roses and 0 white rose
4 red roses and 1 white rose
3 red roses and 2 white rose
Number of ways
= 7C5 × 7C0 + 7C4 × 7C1 + 7C3 × 7C2
= 1001
21 Number of ways = 16C14
= 120
22 Number of ways = 15C8
= 6435
23 Number of ways = 16C2
= 120
24 Number of ways = 19C5
= 11628
