GOLD NEW EDITION yA STK @ eee Tet eT aoe2 CONTENTS Exam information 2.4 4 | Bands and fans Present simple and continuous Free-time actives 2.6 Gapped text Part 6) Present perfect simple or continuous? p32 Avandike p33 Po, Present habit be used to/ge" uses top.10_ | Deducing words in context p9 Howva muse festval ted into muse Habiinthepast used torauidp 13" | Pras verbs with ote p11 armangy-mauing monster 8 Review 1) 15 2 | Relative values “Adverbs and adjectives Exreme Formation of adjectives p17 ‘Multiple matching (Par 7) pis fdjecties, mocers and intensfersp.20 | Phrasal verbs p19 Shoul you fallow n your fami ‘Verbs pater. ing orifintive p22 ‘amily tonite? p18 Review 2 p25 3 | Things that matter | Using mosifiersfor comparison, Money p26 Multiple choice Par 5) p2e Comparing quantities p28 edadjectnes and propostions p31 | Allyou need save (anda sce) happiness Present perfect and post simple p30 Review 3p35 Progress test 1.36 Forces of nature ‘Articles definite, indefinite and zero p40. | Compound words p39 Muttiple matching (Par 7) 4 p38 Nairatwe forms pa Negative prefixes with acjectwes41 | XMen The eabite Sarva lets the body pad upertumans (38) Review 447 5 | Estyourheartout | Expressions of quantity, Subjecvver> | Food pa Multiple choice Pare 5) pas agreement p43 Tredeath ofcooking?p.52 eo Passive forms, Passive reporting verbs 54 Review 5 p57 G | Inthe spotight Futurefomms p 61 Theants p59 Gopped text Part 6) pss. Future perfect and continuous p64 ‘Word formation 9.63 Sharing the (se) love these of entertainment Expressions with get 0.65 the sfe ard alga narcissm pes Review 6067 Progress test 263 7 | Aplace olive Modal vetbs p72 Prvasalyveros71 Multiple matching (Par 7) p70 Relative causes So such, toa enough, | Descbing places .24 Tre tral ty the nest 9.70 laces very sp765 theres p17 Tevet: collocatons and phrasal verbs p75 Review 7972 8 | Movingon Reporting verbs 5a, speak alte 83 | Colloations and phasal verbs with | Multiple matching Par 7) pa Reported statements, Reported questions | work pat Totheends ofthe earth PBA Werk andimperatves p35 Linking words and expressions p84 Concrete and abrtsct nouns p87 Review 8 989 | Lucky break? | Conditional forms p92 hance opportunity, possibilty 991 | Gapped text (art 6) ps Third condivonal p35 ‘Wwordbullaing 03 Big decison ahead? us take a Hickans chance Success and failure p.97 chance p30 Review 999 Progress test 3p 100 10 | Friends forte Conditional inking words p.104 Compound adjectives personaly 103 ‘Multiple choice Par 5) pio Potciples (ing and-ed)p 108 Eesly contysed adjectives 105 ‘Amateh made in heaven 9.106 Inencship Phrasal vets with come p10? Review 109111 11 | Nothing to tear but fear | Mocs conationalsp 114 Prefives that change meaning p.115__| Gapped text Part 6), pila Hypothetical meaning p.118 ‘Adjectivesand verbs ath prepositions, | Leang your comfort zone p12 Saventure Prasal verbs with of 117 Review 11121 12 | crime scene ‘Obiigation, prohibition and necessity 123 | Cybercrime p 124 Multiple choice art 5) pia Reflexive pronouns 128. Shopsing anline p.125 Novel ediact One good tum eine aver get something done .123 Verbs .127" plz Review 12pi31 Progress test 4p 152 Visuals for Speaking 134 Communication activities 138 —Grammarreferencep 140 Writing reference p 165 ContentsCONTENT: z Informa email (Part 2) ‘utile GRAMMAR REFERENCE 1.140 Interview (Part |) listening to and answering questions > EXAM FOCUS p.189 ED] in Part 1 of the Speaking test, you have two minutes to answer some questions in which you give personal information and opinions. Match questions 1-6 to typical topics A-F. How important is music to you? Tell usabout your closest friend What do you lite about the place where you were brought up? What subject did youenjoy most at school? What do you think you'll be doing in five years' time? Where do you think you'l go on holiday this year? your personal relationships yourhome town yourjob o studies your froe-time actiitios your travel plans your future plans Drm conwrousune ‘Write two more questions for each topic A-F. Use question words such as what (kind), when, how (many), who, why, where. D Oo 1 Which of the questions in Activity 8 were they each asked? 1 to Julia and Stefan and answer the questions. 2. What did Stefan say when he didn't understand the question? 3 What could Julia have said when she didn’t know the word for marks? How well did they both answer the questions? Use a number between 1 (lowest) and 5 (highest) to In on the areas assessed in the Speaking test. ‘© range of grammar and vocabulary ‘+ developing an answer without too much hesitation © pronunciation B choose one question from each topic in Activities 8 and 9 and ask your partner. Unit 1 Bands and fans 7[Bi Look at the photos and discuss the questions. 11 Nameas many different kinds of music genresas you ‘ean. Which are the mast popular in your country? 2 Whats the attraction of going to music festivals like the one in the photograph? What negative aspects ‘might there be? 3. Haveyou ever been to a music festival ike the one in the photograph? iso, which bands or musicians did you see? If not, would you lke to go? renee reencen ong eneeer ectrecrer concert in the dried-up, baking-hot Coachella Valley in California, is was an attompe to prove that ily could break away from the monopoly of the concert giant TickeeMaster, tly, thes believed, was using ifs considerable power to xpoit ‘music fans by continually inereasing prices. Ter concert was well artended and inspted the idea fora fucure, more ambitious event. Naturally, nobody could have predicted ‘quite how important Coachella would eventually become. I Six yours lator, in 1999, che same venue hosted is fst eee eer a eee ee te ee eee eel eee etree and the lack of avaiable campsite facilities. -7-[ | What's ‘more took ony afew more yeas und es quality Tne-ups, ftom small bands to headliners, were aticting worldwide [Eitrone bands responsible forconfizming Coachella’ arsval on the world stage, it is Dafe Punk's ionic appearance there in2006, [aT] Asa direct result ofthe festivals success, promoters expanded it to a three-day event, and in 2009, Goachella presented its most mainstteam line-up, including Paul MeCareney, the Killer and The Gure. The following year Jay-Z became the fist rap headliner and by 2012 such vwas the popularity of Coachella that it had developed into two weekends of three-day shows, Unit 1 Bands and f i EADING FOCUS You are going to read a newspaper article about an American music festival, Coachella. Read the article quickly for gist and choose ‘the phrase 1-7 which best summarises each paragraph A-G. The first one is done for you. appealing to the target market getting bigger and better choosing between two attractions the original inspiration for Coachella a feshionable destination ‘a money-making success overcoming problematic beginnings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Blin an effore vo attract Americs’s impoverished younger seneration to an expensive annual visit to the desert, the promoters made two clever decisions. One smart move was to geta much-missed band or singer such as Rage Aguinst the Machine to reform every year. Most notable was a holographic representation of the late rapper 2Pac in 2012, [2] Ima stoke of genius, they decided to caer fur the section of the audience who adored the music that used to be labelled electronic and who docked to dance in big tents wo their favourite DJs. IB By Keeping its coo! musical reputation, the fest would go fiom strength to strength. In 2016, half a million fans bought their tickets in under 20 minutes and each year around 100,000 attendees a day now splash out around $375 on admission, Of course, the costs don’t stop there. [4] ] cis naw the most profitable festival in the world, IB, Just evo hours from Los Angeles, Couchella swiftly became the place co see and be seen.[_8 [|The presence of models and other celebrities soon began to attract style bloggers, drawn by the fashion rather than the music. Which, tum, has made Coachella iresistible to fashion houses, beauty companies and other lifestyle labels. IB Although for several years luxury brands have been hosting free concerts and pool parties for invited. guests and photographing Instagram stars modelling designer clothes, ‘his has und recendy been outside festival hours Le |] Asa resul, they are now effectively separate event, to the Pine that "No-chellaas it has become known, is in the opinion of some in danger of oxesshadowing the" el festival Coachella has certainly come a long way from the original anti-esablishment Peal Jam gig.ED Read the first two paragraphs again and answer the questions. 11 nthe fst paragraph, what do the referencing words imitates nk to? 2. Read option € in Activity 6. What does these issues refer back to in the second paragraph? What other links can {you find in the sentence following gap 1? El Read the text before and after gaps 2-6 and ‘guess what information might be missing. Underline the referencing words around the ‘gaps and in the options and work out what ideas or synonyms they refer to. EXAM TIP, Look for wordsin the options which link to the ideas and language before and after each gap in the text. Gapped text (Part 6) » EXAM FOCUS p|87 i sixsentences have been removed from ‘the article. Choose from sentences A-G the ‘one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ‘A. The appeal ofits location — palm trees, guaranteed sunshine, warm temperatures isnot difficult ‘tounderstand, B_ When refreshments, merchandise, transport and ‘accornmodation are taken into account, the expense of attending rises dramatically. € Fear of missing out on another such memorable performance caused huge demand for tickets the allowing year. D Lately, however, increasingly extravagant marketing by the fashion industry means that attendees are now preferring to stay away from the music concert itself Fortunately, these issues were soon resolved, F Onthis occasion, medical professionals treated numerous audience members for heatstroke. G Theirotheridea was even more brillant ‘Compare your answers and give reasons for your choices based on Activity 4. Then re-read ‘the text with your answers in the gaps to check it makes sense. USE ENGLISH FOCUS Ja ) Write down five reasons why you would or ‘wouldn't like to go to Coachella. Think about ‘the music, location, cost, facilities, ete. Then discuss your answers in groups. Vocabulary deducing words in context BD) Look at the under words and phrases in ‘the article and options and try to work out the meaning from the context or from the word itself. Then match each one to a definition of the verbs 1-9 and the adjectives 10-14. ash outis 3 (... $375 Exampl there...) 1 spend alot of money 2. showsomethingis definitely rue 3. find a solution (toa problem) 4 goinlarge numbers 5 trytoget as much as possible (sometimes unfairly) 6 7 8 9 costs don't stop consider facts when making a decision make something seem less important provide people with what they want ave the ides for 10 good but cfficult 111 someone or something famous and important 12. impossible refuse 13. makesalotof money 14 very poor {D Work in pairs. Compare your answers, then ‘work out the meaning of five more new words from the article. Unit 1Bendsandtans 910 Present time > GRAMMAR REFEF 4 simple and continuous forms Look at the pairs of sentences and say why the speaker has used the present simple or present continuous in each case. Example: 14 whereas 18 neans possess (sat happening now (dj ticket to see Rihanna, 1A Ihave. tm having a showe pears to be doing Do you know who's appearing at Coachella this year? He's being really kind He's really kind it depends on how much money 've got. im depending on her to organise everything. This soup tastes good, Joe's tasting the soup. My computer's always crashing these days, for That singer a => perpa>rapr He always helps me with my computer wher i crashes Read the text quickly for gist. What kind of people are buying vinyl these days? Complete the text with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. VINVE REVIVAL ‘These days vinyl (1)... (enjoy) a remarkable comeback ‘in many countries all over the world. In fac, tis so popular in some places nowadays that even mainstream supermarkets @ (begin) to slock it and it (8) (appear) that the reason for buying vinyl is not just alder people being nostalgic. There is also a generation of younger music fans who (4) (like) the original look and sound of vinyl, Furthermore, vinyl often (8) (come) with, artistic covers and sleeve notes that people (6) (want) to collect and show off to thelr frends. Apparently, men (7) (be) stl the most serious collectors of ‘vinyl but things (8) (change). Increasingly, people o (bring) their parents’ old records down from dusty lofts and (10) (make) c design feature of their record players and vinyl collections in their living rooms. Unit 1 Bonds and f present habit: be used to/get used to > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.I4} What do you think you would have to get accustomed to if you went to a music festival for the first time? Read the extracts from Sarah's messages about her experiences of camping at a music festival. Decide whether statements 1-3 are true (T) or false (F). I don't sleep very well because I'm not used to lying on the hard ground with so Itle space to move around, I'm getting used to paying a fortune every time | want something to eat. ‘Are you getting used to the peace and quiet now that Dan and I aren't around? 1. Sarah often goes camping and sleeps in uncomfortable places, 2. sarah food esr’ find itany easier to pay so much for her 3 Sarah wants to know whether her parents are accustomed to being on their own yet Which form of the verb follows used to in the present: -ing or to infinitive? Imagine that you have just started work for the first time after leaving college. Write sentences about two things that 1 you do on a regular basis. 2 you are doing now (but not neces exact moment) rly at this, used to doing you are not yet used to doing, you ate gettin Work in pairs and compare your sentences. Do you have anything in common?USE OF ENGLISH FOCUS J Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) Work in pairs. Compare > EXAM FOCUS p.186 your answers and say why you chose them. Dh Quickly read the text about a musician and say what is unusual about Josh Freese’s relationship with his fans. Don’t worry about the gaps yet. Gy Discuss the questions. i took atthe example (0). Why ae options A, Band D wrong? Think about Dove tNkiNis sagood which two verbs are used with places rather than people, and which one He fistates does not fe cremmnssicaly. 2. Would any of these offers EI Read the text around gap 1 and answer the questions. attract you? 1. Which word do you think might ft here? Vocabulary 2. Lookat the options Which ofthe verbs A-D can be followed by of? hrasal verbs with take 3 Choose the phrase which means be familar with, papase ‘Complete the sentences EXAM TIP with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box. One phrasal verb is. used twice with different meanings. Decide what kind of word right fit each gap before looking at the options. Then check around each gap to make sure that the option you choose fits with the other words. For questions 2-8, decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. take after take back take off take over take up DRUMMING UP BUSINESS 1 His career as soon Josh Freese is avery successful drummer (0) .C. based. in Los Angeles. You ashe wor the oe end probably wont have (1)... OF him but he’ played with some very now he's realy successful successful bands, When Freese (2) his first solo album, called Since 2 aes 1972, he decided to set up a system where fans could buy something unique. whiosasoralymusea, By (3)... with fans directly, he hoped to sell more of is musi 3) lomeup fhe pannand ‘The idea was that if you paid $50 for his music, you would also get a personal cade five-minute’thankyou’ phone call. Sales ofthealbum quickly took(4), iniciod ‘ojoin the nad ‘ But there were other possible choices which gave fans the opportunity to . meet Freese in (5) The option to have lunch with Freese for $250 3 Tom: gsiiebends: (GMM ncaa reel rare con Talce (7) ama teste ace lesson from Freese for $2,500. There were other offers ranging from $10,000 said about my taste in music. ‘to $75,000. Not all of these were taken (8) fans, but a teenager from Florida. [nn actually Pacer sSTOUESIESTE REESE Sawin aes cece ‘If the phrasal verb has an object, the partide can sometimes come ether before or after the 0 A situated B located C based D lived ‘object. This is shown by the 1 Avecognied —B noticed © heard D known symbol <> In the dictionary. 2. A teleased B sent presented D brought ‘have taken up the saxophone. 3A joining B discussing contacting D communicating have taken the saxophone up 4 A after Bout C off Din However, if there is a pronoun, 5 A person B reality C life D face te Le must come after 6 A stayed B gave C sold Diet anaes 7A exhieve B receve C collect D gain ue 8 A over B back C away Du ees Unit 1 Bandsandfans 142 LANGUAGE TIP Notice that sometimes will is used to talk about present habits. My fends and | will spend ‘hours playing aiferent tracks. EXAM TIP LUsten for words and. phrases that are synonyms ‘or paraphrases of the key ‘words in the statements, Unit 1 Bands and fans Multiple matching (Part 3) » EXAM FOCUS p.189 ED Tick the statements which are true for you. Then work in pairs and compare. Aik following my favourte musicians on social media B often buy albums online. € [spend alot oftime watehing music videos D_ like music that most other people haven't heard of E Ihave quitea varied taste in music. F enjoy sharing music with my friends. GL abways listen to music when 'min a bad mood. H._Loften disagree with my friends about muse. © 04 You will hear five people talking about listening to music. Listen to Speaker 1. Which things does he mention? his favourite bands his taste in music social media Look at the extracts from Speaker 1 (1-4). Which one matches one of the statements A-H in Activity 1? Underline the words which say the same thing ina different way. 11 Nowl'mjust into the same stuff as everyone else— hip hop mainly. 2. Some people | know always want to be different so they'll only sten to new bands that haven't become popular yet 3. My riends and | will spend hours playing different tracks to each other and making up new playlists. t's fun 4 don’t really bother with following my favourite bands on Instagram or anything tke that. EY Gos Now listen to Speakers 2-5. Match statements from the list A-H in Activity 1 with what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. Speaker 2] Speaker 3 (_] Speaker [=] Speakers [=] Work in pairs and compare your answers. Which paraphrases did you hear? Listen again to check. ‘Compare the kinds of music you like listening to, and how and when you lsten toi. What kind of music do you disike, and in what situations do you prefer not to have tolisten toi? a Wark is aac in Gd workin ps a i 3Hal in the past used to/would > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p41 Look at the extracts from the recording and answer the questions. used to watch a lot of videos on YouTube, used to be obsessed with music videos. When | was growing up, my mum would often play 70s disco music and dance around the kitchen. Does she still watch videos on YouTube? Is she still obsessed with music videos? Did her mother lsten to 70s music? ‘Which underlined verb describes a past state? ‘Which underlined verbs describe a past habit? ‘Which of the underlined verbs can you use to describe both past states and habits? aueuns Choose the correct option in italics to complete the sentences. Sometimes both options are possible. Explain your choices. 11 My parents would alvays/ahvays used tlisten to dlassical musicin the car. 2 Every year they would/used to go toajazz festival ‘which took place near our home, 3 remember my dad would/used to havea huge collection of vinyl when we were young 4. Mymum would/used to knowall the words to every ‘song by Madonna, Work in pairs. 7 THRs UCTeEnCSr MUN yor MEPS TERS “Spenino eeaRUnae 2. What kind of music did you use to like and didn’t you use to like? 3 What did you get used to? Is there something you ever got used to? ‘Complete the text with the present simple, 3 present continuous, used to or would form of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes more than ‘one answer is possible. THENEONOW ‘Tom Carter is now a farmer, but his life was once very different. Until a few years ago, | (1) (be) the lead vocalist n'a band. In the old days, record companies 2 cou. (lve) musicians a cash advance 10 make albums and videos and then after the album was released, we (3) (Go) on tour. When wwe got back, we (4) (siart) work on anew album. We (6) (fave) a lot of fun, even TOUGA WE (B) rennin (@lsofhave to) be away from our families for months at a time, Its all completely diferent these days. I's otten necessary for musicians (7) (aise) money themselves to release theit own records, which can be very dificult. Because of the crowded media matket they (8) (compete) even harder with other bands in the age of social media, fans also play a bigger role. They 9 (wan!) new alums all the time and also (10) (expect) to hear from the musicians directly on Twiter | know musicians of my age (11) all very dificult 10 get used to. (ina) it ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. How has accessing music changed over the years? Do you follow any musicians on social media? Which ones? Inwhat ways has your taste in music changed over the last ten years? Unit 1 Bands and fans GRAMMAR FOCUS Ja Bi WRITING FOCUS Informal email (Part 2) using informal language > WRITING REFERENCE p.168 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. Howeasyis itto seelive music where you lve? 2. Would you travel abroad to go to a music festival corconcert? 3 What advice would you give to someone whois visiting your country about where to see live music? Read the exam task and answer the questions. 11 Whodo youhave to write to? 2 Whyare you writing? 3 Whatkind of style do you have to write in? You've received an email rom your English friend Josh Read this part of the email and write your email to Josh {im really looking forward to visiting you this summer. 1f possible, 14 really lke to see some ive music. Can you tel me what kind of music fs popular with you and: your friends? How easy is it to get tickets for concerts? Thanks Josh ‘Wote your email in 140=190 words in an appropriate style El 100k at the model answer and choose the most suitable word or phrase in italics for an informal emai Hi Josh Yes, can't wat to see you, too! I's good you want to see some lve music while you're here because in my town (1) there's a music festival every ‘summerfan annual music festival takes place so (2) you will have the ‘opportunity/you'l be able to see lots of local bands play. Unfortunately, ‘none of them is very famous but there's a fantastic atmosphere there ‘and I always (3) find it very enjoyable/enjoy going a lot. Also, the tickets are very reasonable and you can spend the whole day there. OF course, like all my friends, I (4) am mainly interested ivhave a preference for, ‘rock bands but you can find reggae and traditional music there too ~ (5) you won't be disappointed because there's something for everyone/it offers something for everyone, which means no one will be disappointed. ‘There aren't any large music venues near where I live, so it’s not that ‘easy for me to goto big concerts very aften. (6) But/Hawever, one of ‘my favourite bands, Soundtracks, is playing in the nearest city on 22 ‘August, so (7) if you like, I could/f you're interested, Id be willing to Get tickets for us to go to that. {(@) Let me know what you think Please reply as soon as possible. Alice 14 Unit 1 Bands and fons By Which of the expressions 1-4 could you use to ‘end the email to Josh? Hope to hear from yousoon. look forward to hearing from you. Can't walt to see you in the summer. Don't hesitate to get in touch if you have any more questions. Read the exam task and tick the information (1-6) you could include in your email to Max. 1 2 3 4 You have received an email from a student called Max. Read this part af the email and write your email to Max. {Tm moving to your town soon to goto college. Can you tel me what kinds of things there are to do inthe evening for students and what you like doing best? Thanks Max Write your email in 140-190 words in an appropriate style, 1 recommend some places to go 2. offertotake Max out one evening 3. tellhim about the most expensive restaurants in yourtown 4 complain about the lack of entertainment venues 5 describe atypical evening out in deta 6 describe your favourte kind af evening out and why you like Bi write | (informal) or F (formal) next to the phrases 1-6 and add any other ways of recommending or suggesting. | would advise you to The best place to eat is You really must goto tfyou fel ike dancing, there's a good cub in You should definitely ty Vd highly recommend visting ousune ‘Write your email, using some of the language ivities 3 and 6. Then check your work, checklist on page 165. ‘Don't mix informal and formal styles in your email ‘Learn some different ways of starting and ending your “informal emails.El complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given. Example: | was given responsibilty for booking gigs for our band. over Last month | teok over booking gigs for our band. 41 enjoyed learning to play the quitar and I'd ike to take itup again one day. USED 1 leaming to play the guitarand'd like to take it up again one day. 2. We always went to thejazz festival every lly. wouLD we to the jazz festival every July. 3 Iperformin front of peopleall the time, so Idon’t mind doing it. USED i in front of people, so Idon't mind doing it 4 Her career was an instant success as soon as she appeared ina TV advert TOOK Her career. alVadver. 5. Unfortunately, 'm not ike my grandfather, who could play the piano really well. AFTER Unfortunately, could play the piano really wel. 6 When we started going out | disliked my boyfriend's, tastein musicbuti’s becoming less of a problem, Use 1 my boyfriend's taste in music out it's becoming less ofa problem, Complete the sentences with the present. simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. as soon as she appeared in ‘my grandfather, who 11 (not like) classical music. 2. Idon'tunderstand what you itagain, please? 3° Myteacher..... (not think) fsa good idea to lear aninstrumert when you're too young 4 She'sneverathome. She... (ahvaysdo} something inthe evening 5. Traditional music. (get) more and more popula. 6 You....... olay) realy well today. (say). Cen yousay REVIEW Edi choose the correct option (A, B, Cor D) to complete the sentences, 1 Mybrother's always of doing his homework. computer games instead A playing B doing C play D do 2 Doyouenjoy time with your friends? A doing B spending € do spend 3 I'mdetermined tolearn the this year. A watersking B yoge 4 When Ilived on my own, | B practised € did € guiter_D Spanish much more exercise. A went D made Gl complete the text with the words in the box. ambitious confirm exploit person profitable put raise release BANDS [ EXAM FOCUS p.186 Ey Read the text quickly without worrying about the gaps. What problem with describing people's personalities is mentioned? How well do you know yourself? When trying to understand our own or other people's (0) behaviour, we tend to oversimplify things We use one or BEHAVE ‘wo adjectives to sum each other up. We think of one friend as having a generally (1) and positive outlook, while another HOPE friend is considered (2) and negative. Of course, in PESSIMIST ) soon NONE OF USIS SO easily defined. The truths that we REAL are all made up of inconsistent and contradictory (4) swe CHARACTER can be serious and reliable with our colleagues at work butin ‘our personal relationships at home we are more (5) and PREDICT ‘emotional. With some friends we can be very cautious, while we are(6) thillseekers with other friends, ‘ADVENTURE So can people be neatly divided into personality types? Or do we alter our personality according to the (7) inourchanging DIFFERENT moods and situations? Maybe we can never really get to know ‘ourselves and the idea ofa fixed personality is completely unrealistic and (8) MEANING By Look at the missing word for question 1. Is it a noun or an adjective? Does it have a positive or negative meaning? {1D Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. How welldo you know yourself? 2. Doyou think your family knows you better than you do? Unit 2 Relative values 172| READING FOCUS EXAM TIP, Underline the key words in ‘the options and then read ‘through the texts quickly ‘to fnd a similar word or ‘expression which says the same thing ina different way. 18 _Unit2Relativevalues Multiple matching (Part 7) > EXAM FOCUS p.187 Why do you think so many people follow in their parents’ footsteps and end up doing a similar job? You are going to read an article in which people talk about how their parents’ ‘careers have influenced their own career decisions. Read the text quickly and find out whether the people 1. aredoing similar work to their parents. 2 are happy with the career they have chosen Look at the underlined words in Activity 4, question 1. Read text A and find matching words/phrases. i For questions 1-10, choose from the sections A-D. The sections may be chosen ‘more than once. Which person states the following? ‘Asa child, always imagined | would follow in my parents’ footsteps | wasn't able to support myself doing the job I'd originally hoped todo. [2] ‘My parents were initially unhappy about my choice of career. BI ‘Working in the family Business when I was a child was very useful ‘My parents didn't try to improve my chances when Iwas getting started. [S_[_] {'m glad that I don't have to work as hard as my parents | I've benefitted from doing a variety of jobs. ‘My background gave me the confidence to enter a competitive field 1" inherited some ofthe skis need to do my job. Ittook me a while to realise that having a parent in the same business was an advantage, Would you consider doing the same job as one of your parents? Why?/Why not?Should you follow in your family’s footsteps? A Lauren Hill eg ee ce eee eed dad's a surgeon. So, as a child, I think it seemed natural to me that I too would study medicine at college, and go on to have a career as a doctor. But my parents certainly eee Ce oR Coe eter enh ere hen a eee] See eRe ere een teaching job and then into company law-Things definitely Ree ea Se oes) Soreness se tense es a enormous responsibilities. There are times, though, when eres et reece oe ong erent cater etre nent eer] of being regarded as uninspiring and unimaginative. Peron My dad started his business back in 1980, He buys and sells oe eee ees ad ote ee oe eee ee ence nas Peseta era aeese esas es Toney family business. After completing my degree, Iworked ina number of PR firms in different roles for a while. I wanted See ee eee ee ced Peete ee re eee eee ee Se ache aay first he knows more than anyone how much hard work Peete et een aera tee ete eae ee ees cen a nee eee Cr rence cued tas Vocabulary phrasal verbs ery ag eee een een ass eee on etre eereen iT there's no hope of ever getting an opportunity. But because 1d grown up with it, this world felt familiar and ree esc e ee Riese ences paoeeey ert eae reer eae eater ean a were determined, however, that I should make it on my Pees rene at eee ee reporter on a local TV station. I now work as a producer Cee ae es Pe eC erence nr their sill in finding the heart of an issue and presenting it eco rke pests eed Pe ee ET) Pretec Poe ny My father is a private investigator, specialising in tracking down people selling fake designer goods. Prom the age Se ee he een Fe eee nice Iwould get paid for that. It seemed like the easiest way in the world to make money but it never occurred to me that Crean eee ae eee ee) become a stand-up comedian, which I had some success at, but not enough to pay the bills. Through one of my ee eet eee ee teers the field of intellectual property and copyright. Eventually I set up my own business specialising in protecting the rights of musicians and other artists. At that time I didn’t understand how important my father’s reputation would Dei tesa ee se Sara Match the underlined phrasal verbs in the article to meanings 1-8. persuade 5 be similar to 6 7 enter 8 develop/have a good result ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Do your parents expect you ch member of your fami Do you thinkit's important Do your family ty t0 put talkec Have your parents ¢ 0 mak do 1u most take after? arty on family traditions? off doin uinto doing something2] IRAMMAR FOCUS Adverbs and adjectives >» GRAMMAR REFERENCE 5.142, EDD complete the text with the words in the box. easily friendly hard hardly lonely wrong 11)... know my brother because he's so much ‘older than me, But I think he's actually quite a (2)... person to get to know anyway. People think he isn’t (3). but really he's quite shy and doesn’t make friends (4). He always thinks he's done something (5)... to upset people but the eal problem is that he's uncomfortable in social tuations. used to worry that he ws (6)... because he spent so much timeen his own, But actually he ‘enjoys spending time on his own, He's the kindest person in the world and he'd do anything for you LANGUAGE TIP ‘Adverbs are used to modify verbs. She won the game ‘easily. Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives. {tsa hard decision. They worked very hard. Look at the words in the box in Activity 1 and answer the questions. 1) Which are adjectives? Which are adverbs? 2. Which words can be used as bath an adjective and an adverb? Which ones are regular? ED choose the correct adverb in italics. 1. Athome we were alowed to speak free/feely ‘without anyone citicising us. 2. You don’t need to pay for advice on relationships; you can get that fee freely from friends. 3 | try hard/hardly to get on with my brothers and sisters Because we're twins, it's hard/hardly surprising that we havea lotin common, He's been feeling depressed late/lately. My mother had children fately/ate in ie My parents live closely/close to me. You need to watch young children very close/closely FS evou 20 Unit 2 Relative values Extreme adjectives, modifiers and intensifiers > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.142 By Think of some extreme versions of the adjectives. 1. big. enormous, huge 6 attactive 2 good 7 bad 3 surprised 8 strange 4 anay 9 dificult 5. frightened Replace the words in italics with the adverbs in ‘the box. There may be more than one possible answer. abit absolutely completely fairly very He's quite inteligent. He's really cautious. She's really impossible to get on with. She's a really good person. He's a realy amazing person Hecan be quite difficult. They're a really weird family. She looks really exhausted. Bevousune Choose the correct adverb in italics to complete the rules. 41. Realy/Very can be used with any adjective in order to intensify meaning, 2 ‘Completely, absolutely/really and ‘very’ are only used with extreme adjectives 3 Quite bitis only used when making aerticism with adjectives with a negative meaning 4 QuitesFairy can be used with any adjective to modify meaning 5 Quite/Fainy can be used with an extreme adjective in order to intensify meaning. Complete sentences 1-3 with phrases A-Cto make statements you agree with. Work in pairs and discuss your sentences. Do you agree? Its fairy easy Itsquite hard Itsabsolutely impossible 10 judge a person’s character from their appearance. to get on with everyone in your family for parents to teat all their children equally. 1 2 3 A 8 cLISTENING FOCUS | 2 Multiple choice (Part 4) > EXAM FOCUS p89 [Bi Discuss the questions. 1. How important do you think tis to have brothers and sisters? 2. Doyou agree that parents treat younger siblings diferently to their ‘oldest child? 3 What characteristics do you thinkare ‘typical of oldest”middle/youngest/ only children? ED You're going to listen to a radio interview with a psychologist ‘called Max about birth order. Read the first question and ‘options A-C in Activity 4 and underline the key words. EX © 07 Listen to the first part of the interview. 11 Which key words, or words with 2 similar meaning to the statement and ‘options, did you hear? 2. Which option correctly completes statement 1, according to the information you hear? (© 08 Read through questions 2-7 and underline the key words. Then listen and choose the best answer, A, B or C. EXAM TIP Use the questions to help you follow the discussion so that you don't get lost. Remember you will hear the information twice 1. According to Max research shows that A oldest children are likely to be the most successful in the future B_ middle children are more likely to be happier than their siblings, the youngest child i key to be the least independent. 2. According to Max, what isthe reason for oldest children's results in intelligence tests? ‘A. Parents offer more support to the oldest child. B_ Oldest children spend more time alone. The oldest child benefts fram teaching younger siblings 3 What typical characteristic of oldest children did Max share? A. He enjoyed being competitive. B_ Ho experienced jealousy of a sibling He always wanted to please his parents, 4 Maxsays that youngest children can often A seem very confident with older children, B_ becurious and creative. refuse to accept their role as the baby of the family. 5 What does Max says likely to increase the ‘bith order effect’? A alarge age gap between siblings B families with three or more siblings having siblings of the same sex 6 Maxsays that the best combination for a successful marriage is between people who are both A oldest children, B_ middle children, © third-born children, 7. Max says we should be cautious about the ‘birth order effect’ because ‘A. it may only play a small part in forming personality. B_ people usually behave differently when they are away from their families, it discourages people from changing their behaviour when they grow up. i work in pairs and compare your answers. Then look at the audio script on page 207, Underline the sentences which give the correct answers. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Didyou find any of the information inthe recording surprising? 2 What impact has the birth order effect’ had on your family or another family you know? 3 Whatdo you thinkis the ideal number of children ina family? Why? Unit 2 Relative values 242 Verb pattern: or infinitive > GRAMMAR REFERENCE 9.143 Ing [i Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Do you ‘A. spend less time than you used to with ‘one relation? B_ havea new personin your family you get on well with? © dislike a member of your family? (© 09 Listen to five people talking about ‘one of their relations. Match Speakers 1-5 to questions A-C in Activity 1. You can use the questions more than once. Match 1-5 to A-E to make sentences. Then listen again to check. It took me ages to have the confidence It’s not worth Webboth love We'd ike him Wve promised togive him tennis lessons. riding, soit's great to have something o> waune a tocome and lve nearer. tobe on my own with him. E taking tohim really because he just disagrees with whatever anybody says. i which of the following verbs/expressions are followed by -ing, and which by the infinitive? Which can be followed by both? 1 ike, love, prefer 2 bekeen on, can't stand, enjoy, hate, mind 3 hope, promise, ty 4. expect, encourage, persuade + direct object EF Describe 0 relationship with 2 member ‘of your family. Use some of the verbs/ ‘expressions from Activity 4. ° LANGUAGE TIP To form a negative ofthe gerund or infinitive, use rot before the verb. ‘hate not going... He told me not to go Unit 2 Relative values 2] GRAMMAR FOCUS i choose the correct option in italics for the pairs of sentences 1-5 and explain the difference in ‘meaning between each pair. 1A Mymather stopped making/to make lunch because ‘the phone rang, B_ My mother stopped making/to make lunch because we were hungry. 2. Dad tied phoning/to phone but nobody answered. B Dad tried phoning/to phone but he couldn't remember the number, 0 he gave up. 3A The kids cemembered buying/to buy grandma present forher birthday B The kids remembered buying/to buy grandma a present but couldn't find it again ater 4A regret eng /o tell you that al ran services have been canceled B Iregret telling/to tell you because now you're upset. 5A forgot to gue/aiving my ster an old dress, and then Itound tin her warcrobe B Horgot to give/aning my teacher my essay and she wasn'thappy when | handed iin late Complete the text with the -ing or the infinitive form of the verbs in brackets. DESTINY CALLS adja Swarovski who, along with four cousins, runs the famous Swarovski crystal company based in Austria is very proud ofher family dynasty. Asa chil, she remembers her grandfather (1)... (tell her ‘why Daniel Swarovski her great-great grandfather, decided (2)... set ‘up)the company. He hoped(3)......(sll jewellery that ordinary people could afford (4)... (buy) because he understood that beautiful things make people happy This made perfect sense to Nadja because she enjoyed (5) (52) crystals from te factor ont her favourite jeans. Nadja surprised her family when she chos (6)... (Study) at history instead of the traditional family subject of engineering. She was also keen (7)... (get away) from the pressure of being a Swarouski, and so ended up (8)... femal) at the unvetsity of Dall, Texas. But she couldn't escape her destin forever. When she became the only female member of the board, Nadja was able (9) .unuu. (Se) that they were missing an opporturity. Although she didnt want to give up (10)... (produce) things lke the popular small crystal animals, she believed fashion was the future, She managed (11)... (persuade) her cousins to start (12) ..nu. (work) wth top fashion designers, such as Alexander McQueen. His 2009 collection inspired other designers, (13)... (male) fabulous creations with crystal and since then stars such as Beyoncé and Riana have gone on (14)... (perform) in dresses covered in Swarovski crystal ?Collaborative task (Part 3) agreeing and disagreeing > EXAM F< Look at the photos. Why do you think these kinds of relationships are important? © 10 Look at the exam task. Then listen to Alana and Federico. Which of the relationships do they discuss? Why do they think they're important? a grandparent atwin sister/ brother a boyfriend/ girlfriend afather ED Work in pairs. Add some expressions to the list. Practise saying them with the correct stress. Agreeing: That's very true. Good point Partially agreeing: | see what you mean, bu! I suppose so, but Disagreeing gently: Well actually Expressing strong disagreement: | have to disagree with youn that. Ithink the exact opposte Asking opinions: Wat's your view on that? Do you agree? EXAM TIP Give your opinions but make sure you also listen to your partner. Ask about his/her opinions and respond to what he/she says. m not sure about that. i Work in pairs and do the exam task in Activity 2. Then decide which person might have the most influence on a young person's life. i Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 11 Which people do you thinkhave had the most influence on different stages of your life? 2. Inwhatway hasan olde lative been a good role model for you? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of belonging toa big omy? 4 How easyisitto stayin touch with family members that ve along way away? 5 Whatkind of relationship do youhave with2| WRITING FOCUS 24 Essay (Part 1) using linkers for contrast > WRITING REFERENCE pp. 166 and |67 [ll Work in pairs. Read the exam task and essay title and think of some advantages and disadvantages of both situations. In your English class you have been discussing family relationships. Now, your teacher has asked you to write an essay. 29029290090222 Isit better to have a small or a large age difference between siblings? Notes Write about: 1 competition 2 friendship 3 learning te share (your own idea) Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view. Write 140-190 words. ED atch 1-6 to A-F to make sentences. Then work in pairs and decide which sentences you agree with, 1. Even though siblings who are close in age, may argue, 2 Despite being bom eight years apart 3. |wish had a much older brother to gWve me advice On the other hand, 4 A small age gap between sisters can be @ good thing, whereas 5 Theres likely to be less competition between siblings born several years apart. However, 6 While having asibling of similar age may seem desrable, A inmy experience, boys may become too competitive. 8 my younger brothers are happy to share a bedroom © they are more likely to grovr up with many shared memories. forming a dose bond depends much more on personality than age. E they may ind it dificult to develop a lasting relationship, F expect Id get tired of him telling me what to do all thetime, Unit 2 Relative values In which of the sentences in Activity 2 is it also possible to use although? Gy Read the essay and find where the three points from the notes in Activity 1 are mentioned. Ue bee to havea small ora aye age erence beeen siblings? | ‘ik ifs rar to 24 wheter is bei to hae sing ofa star ap or rth oder or younger because al is are Aferert We can ude property watt wuld be ite to bein a diferent ston. (2) Howevee? Even though ve might ie eka of raving a bby brofer or sr, me Cant ug wal ea woul be ii ely ut fiche greatest aang ain a ear gp i that when pute a dal you have someone to gla wh. Ae well a thi you hve ‘leat share your tos iste of ust keping he yur. Ths makes lag wih oer ciden oie te Gai ease. (2) though” Hover: er’ ey to be much more competion between tings who are doen age bec they ay be aus of each che he danger wi have a aye age gop i that you ay ot Fave aloe reandnip when yuice grown up becaue you det hae the same shared memaries (@) On the offer hand/ Wile te aye pp becomes leas important 2s you pede, ois as posse o mak feds ith spur sbling as aul. Speaking fom my own experees, hang 2 sisiee b's oly to years younger as been ikl. (A) Wherea/Pespe beng ate diferent ve've ahs got on and wee good frends row were adults i Underline the reasons the student gives for her point of view. Do you agree? [Gi Read the essay again and choose the correct linking words or phrases in italics. EXAM TIP, ‘There are no right or wrong answers to the question. ‘The important thing is to make sure you include all three points in your essay and explain your point of view. Turn to page 139 and do the exam task. Try to give reasons for your answers and use some of ‘the linking words.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the ‘word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given. Idon't think parents should have to continue supporting theirchikdren when they're adults. ‘CARRY Idon’t think parents should supporting their children when they're adults Everyone says Phoebe is very similar to her mother TAKES Everyone says Phoebe her mother: George's grandiather started his business when he ‘was only eighteen SET George's grandfather his bussiness when he was only eighteen. Seeing how hard my mother works has discouraged me from becoming a teacher pur Seeing how hard my mother works has ‘rom becoming a teacher. Not many people become successful the world cof acting MAKE Not many people of acting My friends are trying to persuade me to have a party ‘on Saturday, TALK My friends are trying to. a party on Saturday. inthe world having Correct the mistake in each of the sentences. He's tried really hardly to get tickets for you. ‘The cinema is fit closely to the station, ‘The football results were absolutely close She finished late and | was very furious with her. “They spoke free about their dificult childhoods. Iwas hardly dark buthe was completely frightened. would be a bit biliantf we won the cup final She's been working very hardly lately. REVIEW Complete the sentences with the adjectives in the box. cautious confident creative independent practical sociable 1 Whereast’m quite shy about speaking in public, my brothers aluays been 2. Evenatthe age of eighty-five, my gran never likes relying on other people. She's very... 3. Myhusban’snot vey good at doing things with his hands. He’s not at all 4. preter my ovn company butmy sisters are the opposite theyre all rally 5 My ather paints and writes relly well He's always been relly 6 lamnot prepared 0 take risks anymore. 'm getting more and more 1. Mynew carisn'tas (rely) 2. Molly'sstories are very have such exciting adventures. (drama) 3. Mychiidren will never try any new food, They aren't as hoped it would be. Her characters always Very nn fadvemture) 4 |don'tthinkyou're being very much we can finish, (real) ‘about how 5 I'mabsolutely..... at languages. just cant learn them. (hope) 6 | explained 'd beenill but the boss wasn'tat all (Gympathy) Eh choose the correct option in italics to complete the sentences. Lregretted not having/to have a carto drive. He'd ike us working/to work late this evening Umnot vey goad at running/to run. Have you remembered focking/io lock the door? Melanie has promised invtingto invite us to stay. She stopped working/to work and had a rest. ‘The teacher made me to fnish/finish my work before left Jim asked me not to/to not speak: Noausuna Unit 2 Relative values 25What matters to you? Put the things in the box in order of importance. education/career family friends interests money pets possessions places Vocabulary money ‘Work in pairs. Discuss whether the items in the photos are: ‘A. worth the money. © awaste of money. B_ good value for money. D_abargain. Work in pairs. Discuss what the expressions could mean. Do you have similar expressions in your language? £15,000 1. He's got more money than sense. 2 Putyour money where your mouth is. 3 'mabit short of money this month. 4 Money doesn't grow on trees. 5. She's got money to burn 6 He's worthaforun 7 My mur always says she's not made of money 8 Money makes the world go around ‘Complete the statements with the prepositions in the box. Which of the statements do you agree with? Discuss in pairs and give reasons. away in of on to within 1 itsdificuttto lve... yourmeans when you'te a student 2 You should akways avoid being det. 3 Having tolive.......@ tight budget is boring 4. Very rch people should give most oftheir money 5. It'snot good idea to lend your credit card atriend 6 Young people today have a higher standard living than their grandparents’ generation,Sentence completion (Part 2) > EXAM FO You're going to hear a multimillionaire called David Burton talking about his life. Read the gapped sentences (1-10). Which of the topics ACE do you expect to hear? A how hemade his fortune B his attitude to money his typical working day D_ what he spends his money o! E where helve © 11 Listen and check. Look at the gap (1-10) in each sentence. Which of the gaps, if any, may require Aan uncounta B aplural form? © anum EXAM TIP Usually, you only have to write one cr two words or a number in each gap. Occasionally you may need to write three words. Listen again and complete the sentences. Work in pairs and compare your answers. Then look at the audio script on page 208 to check your answers. Make sure you have spelt the words correctly. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. Doyou thinkmoney can make people happy? 2 Doyou thinkitis David's early ambition was to be a (1) like his uncle. His father was disappointed when he decided to leave (2). to start his own business. David believes being able to manage (8) [Link]. i essential to succeed in business, David says he didn't feel much (4)... Bt Being able to buy expensive things. His first charity project involved financing (8) 1. fOr young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. While he was travelling in India, David realised that the best way for people to get out of (6) was to set up a business. The charity has provided more than (2)... individuals with alloan David considers building a (8) in Malawi to be one of his greatest achievements. David believes that people from a close (9)... are happier than wealthy individuals. According to David, money can give people (10) ..rweun, although it may also cause problems. Unit 3 Th ater 273 IRAMMAR FOCUS Using modifiers for comparison >» GRAMMAR REFERENCE p44 By Look at the sentences from the listening on page 27 and complete them with the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets. Then look at the audio script on page 208 to check your answers. Ve Infact 185 (OMI ANG lonely) than before 2 Oneof the things tm (@roud) of fs being involved in a construction project for a new hospital in a small town in Malawi 3 Being part of a community makes people (content) than becoming a millionaire. 4 Having too much money isn't (cificut) rnot having enough money. Decide which pairs of sentences have a similar meaning, and which have a different meaning. 1A Mycarwas by farthe most expensive thing Ive ever bought. B_ Mycarwas a lot more expensive than anything ese I've ever bought. ‘A My randiather is one of the most generous people know. B_ There aren't many people who are as generous as my grandfather ‘A. Money doesn't make you nearly as happy as you think B_ Money makes you alot less happy than you think ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Example: A scooter isn't nearly as expensive asa sportscar. FAR, A Sports cars fac mere expentive then a scooter 1. Ourstandard of living isa bit loner than twas. QUITE (Our standard of living isnot twas. 2. There aren‘t many cities which are as exciting as Rio de Janeiro, ONE Rio de Janeiro is. exciting cities. 3. She doesn’t have nearly as much free time now. LESS She has free time than before 4 Notmany people earn sucha high salary ashe does. THAN His salary is most people's 5. He'salmostas [Link] shes, BIT She's him, 6 It’s getting much more difficult to get a bank loan, AS itis to geta bank loan now. Comparing quantities Gl Use the table to make six sentences that are true about you. Tspend most pales | quite att hardly Idon'tspend | much of my money on | 1 ety emesing | | any ‘Compare your answers in groups and write a paragraph about how your group spends time and money. Example: The thing we spend mast/ieastime/maoney on i 28° Unit 3 Things that matter ‘More/Less than half of us spend a large amount onLong turn (Part 2) comparing > EXAM FOCUS p. What do these photographs have in common? Choose A or B. A. They show things which are important to people B They show people in unusual situations Make a list of the similarities between the ‘two photographs. Read the sentences about the photographs. Where can you add the words in brackets to the sentences? There may be more than one possibility 1. The photographs show an achievement: (both) 2. Theman looks happy. (a 3. Theman looks asif he's njoying himself. (oo) © 12 Listen to a student comparing the two photographs. Does she mention any of the points on your list? speculating Complete the sentences with like or 2s if/as though. In which sentences is it only possible to use like? Why? 1 Itlooks 4a greduation ceremony. 2 Theman looks he's very proud of his car 3. ttlooks hard work, 4 Helooks he's abit obsessive, 5. She looks... she's having more fun than the man contrasting Look at sentences A and B and answer questions 1-3 about whereas and while. ‘A While the man may have a passion for his cay t's probsbly not something hell own for his whole life B_ The first pictureis celebrating an achievement, whereas the secon one who picture shows son values an important pos 1. Which sentence is making a comparison and showing how the two things are different? 2. Inwhich sentence isit possible to use both whereas could you use aft EXAM TIP Don't describe what'sin the photographs. Focus on the main topic and compare the main similarity and any differences between the pictures Work in pairs, Student A: Look at the photos on page 134. Student B: Look at the photos on page 136. Take turns to compare your photos. Try to use expressions for comparing, contrasting and speculating, Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 11 What achievements do you feel proud of? 2. Which events do you think are important to celeb with friends and family? Why? Unit 3 Th ater 293 Lis N eo} FOCUS 30 EXAM TIP. Always read the text ogetan idea ce reanetees Part teases an oh Unit 3 Things that matter Multiple choice (Part 5) EXAM FOCUS p.187 BB Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. Howinterested are you in sport? 2. Doyouind any sports boring? 3 Doesit matter to youifa particular team or player wins or loses? Read the title and first paragraph of the article and guess what it will be about. Then read the rest of the article and check. Read the questions/stems in Activity 4 and underline the key words. Skim the text and highlight the part which answers each question. LG Read the article again carefully. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A.B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text, 11 What the write’ attitude towards football fans attending matches? ‘A. She's impressed by their behaviour B She's surprised by how much money they spend She's embarrassed by how irresponsible they ae D She's sympathetic to their feelings, 2. The writer mentions people wh live ina dream state’ in order to A. givean example of people who have uncontrollable emotions B crise people who have unrealistic expectations contrast different types of emational attachments. D_ explain why passions can be more important than real relationships 3. The writer thinks having & passion is @ good thing because A ithelps people lear how to expres their emotions. B_itencourages more considerate behaviour. € itgives people an opportunity to act like a different person D_itmakes everything ese in fe seer unimportant 4 What does the writer mean by thin on the ground’ inline 30? A. something which is easly forgotten B. something which occurs infrequently © something which takes place only once D something which is unexpected 5 Thewster mentions Wimbledon to show that A. some sports are less likely to inspie strong feelings. B. some passions lst for many years sports fans can behave uncharacterstcally, D_ people often behave strangely to get on T. 6 What was the writer's purpose in wating this tex? ‘A to encourage people to tak about their passions openly B_ toconvince the reader that sports fans are normal human beings toexplain why the excitement of winning is worth the disappointment of losing D_toargue that @ passion for sport provides an opportunity to experience highs and lows= Tier ea wee: OUR RO oer toa) hind shaking hand Young mothers shouting in triumph These are familiar sights at football grounds al one the world But why do the PROSE ern toe hier Wile the extreme emotions on display seem alent those who don't share a eee Sere eet eee ee eee ener ean Ce eo nn a et ee ee ee ea Ce eeetr ener ce ‘This kind of passion should not be confused with an chsesson which ean be self-destructive. There are those who liv in a dream stat, passionately en een Rs te ee ee eee ee eee ne ee Fnusands, employees and employers ~ whise interes are much more Pee ee ee eee ey nyt cy Sean ge To PE cae nd missing out. Passions are deep, fll of oy and pain, teaching you how to Se eee ee Dio you agren withthe writer that having a pas Ne eee eee eee or ead stranger or making new friends They help you to fe part of community and have something to tease your neighbour about. They are a great way Cee ed ert Me ets eee ee they are delighted to share an activity which is moved fom home ob or Explosions of joy are nonmaly thin on the ground The bir of your child ee een es Special, but they do not happen every wee. you happen to follow a otha See enn eee er ee eee ere ons having a passion at al, suppose. Witness the behaiou that tenis brings Se a a es conicolled middle-aged women are suddenly prepared to camp overnight Sr ee eet ee ete Poor eee ttn sa ee ee Pete eer tec eee gr ee Dee eat ee oR aes or importance. Pasions are a rehearsal for if, a distraction fom boredom ee eet ay 1n for something is pos! -ed adjectives and prepositions [By choose the correct prepositions in italics. Then ask your partner the questions. 11 What sports do you get excited with/abour: xciting? ated on/with a sportsper n/team do ed by/for? tho do you find impress annoyed of/by? do you find embarrassing’ Unit 3 Things that mat rd ET32 Present perfect and past simple > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.145 or I 0) stat srg see theft tine | red on bly wath ry dod ged four, Tt nen ry aie Weyer TF ‘would drive me to the beach every doy and ry gen wandd sin the freezing water wit o wets At TIE colege [aul only srt few die fe ais ed ae pe cevrake vant oe Sox months og, though 1 got on Gavey ad Te been ving here sce: Tes dete tose ofthe best surfing teaches in rel and this ears fe teen able to go suring every weckend, which fata Timely guiind se rd ie azn loge es trorthe row ine Apr Te been having lesson to coe 8 Surfing irctr = se Tve hod fu ich ve rely ened then {ual Fr opg to tart yom suring schol wh tome trends We never entered a suring competion ad that’ ats something Fie to do oe dy [Bl Read Liam's blog about his passion for surfing. Answer questions 1-4. How long has Liam loved surfing? Does he still spend his summers with his grandparents? ‘When did he move to Galway? How often does he go surfing now? Look at the underlined verb forms in the text. Which ones describe completed actions in the past? past habits which are now finshed? Look at the highlighted example of the present perfect simple in the blog. Circle five more examples. Beene De- Match 1-3 to uses of the present perfect A-C. I've been able to go surfing every weekend. IWvenever entered a surfing competition. tWvebeen mad about surfing since the first time tried it bbegan in the past and isstill continuing has recently happened and is relevant to the present refers to indefinite time in the past no>run-f§ Unit 3 Things that ma es GRAMMAR FOCUS Look at the sentences. Which of the ti ‘expressions underlined refers to a period of time and which to a point in time? 1. Ive been mad about surfing since the first time Itried taged fourteen. 2 We've been together fa three months. {G work in pairs and answer the questions. 1. Which of these time expressions are usually used ‘with the past simple/the present perfect? 2. Which time expression can be used with both the past simple and present perfect? ago already atlunchtime in 2010 just last month never once so far thismonth yet Present perfect simple or continuous? Match the sentences from the blog to the uses of the present perfect (A and B). {ve been having lessons. I've had four [lessons]. a completed actnity ‘an activity aver a period of time (which may or may not be finished) EX complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs and phrases in brackets. There may be more than one possibility. erp Ne Ics ide motorbike since Iwas seventeen Vacounna (once wetness) a crime. Vasc lve) abroad when Iwas a child 1s. (have) an operation a few years ago Wacom. (9¥Er gO) camping. Waco GSE in) a Competition. 1 ai 3 4 5 6 BD work in pairs. Ask and answer questions with Have you ever... and How long... ? Use the ideas in Activity 8 to help you. Example: Have you ever ridden 2 motorbike? How long have yau been riding motorbikes? When was the last time you rode a motorbike?Open cloze (Part 2) EXAM FOCUS 9.186 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 41. What do you do to cheer yourself up when you're dep! What makes you really happy? Read the text and discuss the questions. Whatis'hyoge’? How can it make people feel happier? O.-m~ Look at the example (0). What part of speech is it? Now look at gaps 1-8. What kind of word do you need to write in each gap (preposition/ noun/time expression/pronoun, etc)? EA complete the text with one word in each gap. EXAM TIP Read the whole sentence, especially the words before and after each gap. Think about what kind of word is missing (e.g. preposition, pronoun). Gy Work in pairs. Compare your answers and say why you chose them. Hygge: the 5% of simple pleasures USE OF ENGLISH FOCUS E as and like > GRAMMAR REFERENCE 0.146 [ complete the sentences with as or like. 11 Wasthat film allhis other ones? 2 Shall we stil have lunch together, we said yesterday? 3 I'vealways regarded you afriend 4 Ajeb that ane takes along time to finish 5 He's working ‘aweaiter in the holidays. 6 Please doit carefully LANGUAGE TIP s+ noun for a role or purpose ‘She works as @ musician. | use that oom asa study 2s + noun clause for manner: Jtreated him as my son. like + noun for comparison You'reust ike Tony. Like Jane. | ove jazz like + noun for informal examples Food like that risotto is worth waiting for a SEMIN ERNE fhe Danes are famous for (0) being one of the world's happiest nations. One possible reason w this could be the untranslatable concept of ‘hygge’. Hygge has already gained a lot of publicity outside Denmark This is thanks to a stream of recently published self-help books, (2) all urge us to embrace hygge in order to improve our sense of ‘well-being and happiness. Writer, Helen Russell, who moved to Denmark several years (3) is a hygge enthusiast, She has been fascinated by the idea ever (6) she arrived Her book, The Year of Living Danishly: Uncovering The Secrets of the World's Happiest Country, makes it easy to understand (5) Helen and her family are still living (6) Helen says ‘hygge’ can be defined ” the absence of anything annoying or emotionally overwhelming’. It's all about being kind to yourself and celebrating the simple things in life @) spending time with friends and family, or ‘eating ice cream, So find your inner Dane - and do what ‘makes you happy without feeling guilty about it. winteters! Unit 3 Things that matter 333 WRITING FOCUS 34 Article (Part 2) engaging the reader > WRITING REFERENCE p.171 [Bl Read the exam task and answer the questions. 11 What kind of style will you write the arte in? How do you know? 2. Whatiinformation do you need to include? You see thi advertisement in a magazine for young people. WHAT I'D SAVE IN A FIRE Witeusan article describing something you ‘own and explaining why its important you. ‘Thebestatce wll be published inthe magazine next month. ite your article in 140190 words Look at opening paragraphs A and B. Which ‘one is most effective? Think about 1. how appropriate the styles. 2. how varied the language's. 3. whether itengages the reader. A | What (save in a ire. Hove you ever thought about which pesesson you'd choose to sove i your house was om fire? | Well forme it would definitely be my tablet. Obuicusly, a resene my family and pets ist but after that 'd grab my tablet and my phone. B | What (save ina fire My tablet is very important to me and | would be very upset if & got last or damaged. ( spend hows every day using my tablet and I wovld be lost without it. | think mast people feel the same | way about theirlaptops ortablets. Unit 3 Things that matter Look at notes A-H and choose whether to include them in paragraph two (a simple description of the object) or paragraph three (the reasons why it's special to you). birthday present from parents not expensive and very ordinary to look at ‘two years od A B c ef for studies EXAM TIP. ‘Try to make the reader feel you are ‘speaking’ directly 0 him/her. You can do this by asking the reader a question and making your tone chatty rather than forme BB work in pairs. write paragraphs two and three, using the ideas in Activity 3. ES cert paceman reonaonn sone, Which one would have the most positive effect ona reader? A | So forall these eatont the fst thing | would think of taking with me irmy tablet. B | The main reason I'd grab my tablet fist in a fire because it would be like lasing my right hand if | Lhad to be without i. [B) Make notes on your own response to the advert. Choose a favourite possession and divide your notes into four paragraphs: Introduction (to get the readers attention) Background (a description of the abject) Opinion (the reasons why it isimportant to you) Conclusion (a brief summary) Maun Write your article in 140-190 words. Then check it for spelling and punctuation. Write another draft if necessary. EE] Read other students’ articles and choose which ‘ones to include in the magazine.Choose the correct option (A, B, Cor D) to complete the sentences. A sonsnn Standard of living is important to me. A tall Bbig Coreat_ —D high The house they live in must be worth a A treasure B fortune € resource D wealth ‘When | was at college had to learn to live a budget Aon Bin Com Dat ''m afraid I can’t come because I'm of money Alow — Blacking C short —_D tight She's always... debt at the end of the term. Aon Bat Cwith Din ¥'mstlleamning to We... my means. A between B within C under Dat Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the ‘word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given. Rebecca started ing here five years ago. FOR Rebecca Hast saw Mike in 2006. SINCE 1 2006: This is my frst visit a India. TIME This isthe frst tolndia I don't spend much maney on clothes these days. ANY 1 money on clathes these days This hotel isn't nearly as expensive asthe other one. FAR The other hotel is five years. this one Both Tom and Zak are equally friendly. JUST Tom is Tak, There aren't many designer brands that are as expensive as Prada, ONE Prada is designer brands. REVIEW IED Corrie te the serancoe wth te corect for of the word in brackets. 1. haven't gat much money but m not about it. (worry) 2 Golfisnotavery sport to watch on TV. (interest) 3. Having 2 passion can make life more (excite) 4 Imeeally (excite) 5 Whats the most, (frighten) 6 I'm by my obsession with that actor. film you have ever seen? that the cup finals over at last. (relief) dl complete the text with one word in each gap. S_httosntyslogfetting go When T was younger, I was always very proud @ my family but I felt diferent to them. I felt knew I would never look (2) iy sister, who was (3) more attractive than me and just (4) intelligent as me, but I still felt jealous. I was also embarrassed 6) my father, who worked (6) an actor, instead of having a ‘normal job. But now I'm older, none of those negative feelings matter anymore. I've always (7) very close to (8) of my parents and know I'm very lucky to have them. Unit3 Things that matter 35PROGRESS TEST | Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) il For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, Cor D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning. Happy families Itcame as no surprise tome when a newspaper article | read (0) B, recently daimed to prove that the happiest children tend to be (1) children. ‘When | was younger, | used to (2)... having a brother because | thought that parents with just one child were bound to (3) them more attention and love them more. My most unhappy childhood memories involve my older brother, Thomas I didn’t get (4) with him at all and, because he was much bigger than me, he would always (6)... any fights we had. My parents took the view that they should not interfere in our arguments, and made us sort them (6) ‘ourselves, which meant that Thomas could do whatever he wanted However, the good news about siblings is that as they get older, they seem to start valuing each other more In fact, nowadays Thomas and | are quite (7) | suppose this is not surprising, since we share a history that goes back a long way. I's special for us but no one else is VE (8). fM OUT Past. © A lately B recently C currently _D presently 1 Aony — Bsingle. unique D individual 2 Ariss — Bhope Cwish ——D regret. 3 Apay Brake Callow —_D provide 4 Ron Bby Cround away 5 Awin Bobest C succeed overcome 6 Aol Bover Cout D through 7 Anca Bdose C familar attached 8 Acconcemed B caring C interested D knowledgeable Progress test 1 Open cloze (Part 2) For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word that best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning. ‘Why trees matter Everyone knows that trees are important (0) for the environment and human health. In cites, trees improve air quality and they absorb pollution. They remove dangerous gases (9) CO, and nitrogen oxide from the air and release oxygen back into the environment. Trees can help in the fight against climate change (10)... they are known to significantly reduce temperatures by providing shade and also by releasing water vapour through their leaves But trees have many other practical benefit, whichare(1.......justrelatedto physical health but also to mental health and well being. People who live in areas where there are lots of trees feel happier and healthier (12) those living in very built-up urban areas. In the past, architects and town planners didn't (13) to understand the effect that trees have on people, which (1a) why many urban environments lack enough green spaces. Now things are changing as so many studies (15) shown that trees can make a real difference t0 people's lives. (16) of the most surprising findings is that people in hospital have quicker recovery times if they are able to see treesPROGRESS TEST | Word formation (Part 3) For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the ‘word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same ine. There is an example at the begi Al For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word ven. Do not change the word given. You A wore hte pian elena Most people agree that learning to including the word given. play a (0) musical instrument is one MUSIC Of the most worthwhile things they Exampl Pa ace tae Conor has a natural ability for music hike hardest. A lot of children are very pe (17) when they fist ake up ENTHUSIASM. AFTER an instrument, but don’t realise how. Conor takes after his parents in his natural ability ‘muchpractce willbe involved Sadly, forrmust they quickly start to lose interest 25 Julia can sing much better than me. as they find. the technical skils WeLt (18). dificult. ifthey feel they INCREASE can't sul are not making enough progres, De (vided har beaitd sole bitte young people often give up having hates performing lessons after two or three years, Rene only to regret it when they are older. But those who have enough talent and (19) and are willing 10 DETERMINE put in the effort it takes to reach a reasonable standard, can rightly feel My dad hates performing. - a beautiful voice 27. I don't know my sister very well because she's so much older than me. a strong sense of (20) ACHIEVE SARE Apart ftom acquiring a. lifelon ‘ because she's = hobby snd a @1) sill, VALUE eae playing an instrument for pleasure 28 It's been ages since | saw James. {s beneficial in less obvious ways Not too. Leaining a new piece of 1 ages. music requires a huge amount of 29. think Horgot to lock the door. 2) Although it may not CONCENTRATE ENE seem like it, this is an (23) EFFECT iar eae ay of Pein Ses Das 30. Mymotherstarted her own business when she your brain is completely focused ee fon the music, which means (24) about anything else WORRY EE SCE Mymother her own business when she was forty. Progresstest1 3738 EXAM TIP Be carefull There might seem tobe similar information in more than one text. Make sure the word or expression, you choosehes the same meaning as in the ‘question, even though itil be expressed differently Unit a Foy aint BB You are going to read an article about superhumans. Look at the photo on the left and read the title and introduction to the article. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 11 Whydo you think many people are so keen on films about people with special powers often shown in films and comic books? Multiple matching (Part 7) » EXAM FOCUS p87 Ed Read the article quickly. Which superpowers’ are mentioned? Read the questions in Activity 4. Then underline the key words and scan the article to find ideas which have the same meaning. Gi For questions 1-10, choose from the sections A-D. The sections may be chosen more than once. Which person's superpower may be shared by other peoph ficial for the yo dor nd physical health? alse they have it? fect requires theoretically impossibly quick rea nda may have inspired the story of a character? may help give an insight into curing certain illnesses? was eventually discovered by chance? is believed by the person to be a question of mind over body? could be acquired by whoever is not be explained by scier fed to believe inREADING FOCUS [4 See TUE REAL-LIFE SUPERMUMANS [oper eee eee ee Ee eB Ed Peet Et eed cee ame ee Semcon B Liem Hoctstra Born prematurely it was feared the Liam Hocksen would be in poce health as he grow up. anything, the opposite was true and despite initial problems with his heart and ides it apparent by the age of only five soot that Liat was developing superhuman stengih He was iagnoted wich a rare condition tharsterted by an abnence of ‘ayowtatin. This 4 protein which regulates muncle development, 2 ack of which lends to the tind of physical aributes chat athletes can only dseam about: 40 percent more nme chan onal, breathing strength and speed and almost no. body fa is posable cha the myths, shout the Greck hero Herciles vvere based on individuals with this condition. These are 0 regaive side-effects; the only posible drawback was that without adequate body ft, brain pomth in childhood could be restricted Thankflly, Liam seems inafected, His condition is more than a medical arg: itcould help scientists lock the seers of smuscle grow and deterioration and lead wo ew teeatmens for dlseases which cause weakness, such as osteoporosis, 8 Win Hof One of the original characters in the X-Men was Bobby Drake, ‘otherwise known as Leeman. AS far-fetched as it sounds, in the real world there ia sealife Ieeman, called Wim Hof. He ‘may not beable to turn everyday ‘objects into ie, as Bobby Drake id, but he holds 20. world records related to resisting the cold, which he says isthe result cf meditation practices. Among Hof sachievements are standing submerged in am ice bath for fone hour and 46 minutes and running a marathon in the Arctic Circle wearing only shorts. Over 2 period of 20 minutes inthe ice bath his femperaeuce and heart rate remained completely normal Bi work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. Which of these superpowers do you find most fascinating? Why? 2. Whatare the potential dangers af having ane of these’gifts'? 3 tyou could choose any superpower, what would it be? Why? Vocabulary compound words [Gl Read the sentences and think of another way of expressing the words in italics. ‘She was wearing ordinary clothes when | saw her. The disadvantage of going by train is the time it takes. ‘The view from my windaw was absolutely incredible ‘The story was so unlikely that everyone just laughed Taking the pis had a negative impact so| stopped ‘aking them. Prater ieee ed Scientists have confirmed that Hofis indeed able ro regulate his body functions: by controlling cell) peoduetion he gaint improved immuniey and better cognitive performance. Hof baeliewes the skill i attainable by anyone who can convince themselves they ean do it. @ Deon Kernozes Dean Kamazes’s msl have cextraonbinary properties, Most people safe intense fatigue and ae forced to give up when too iiuch exercising cawes lactic acid to build up in their muses. Nor so Karnazes: his bady clears the acid with sich extraordinary fieney that he can rennin Iydested and fictions! for rematkably long periods during feats of endurance. His 22- career includes running 350 niles in 80 hours and 44 minates without sleep, completing a 135. ura mutatonin Death Willey, Califa, in temperate of 49C and 4 maruthon in each fof the USA’ 50 states on 50 consecutive days. Unaware of his gif uni he took part in a Scientific study atthe age of 0, he is convinced that there ar people like him everywhere who have 10 idea dhy have this aby. B sco Machi The sientitic work is totally confised by Iso Machi, Jpanese practioner of ido thea of the ‘mura sword, who the holder of vevera wood records involving fist sword cuts For one ale he fad to cu through a. exis ball reveling ar 440 miles per hour, His ou impreive ea was when an aingun fred a Sm pte pllet 2 Machi at speed of 200mph At this speed it not likely thie the hhaman eye could tack an object, of this sze and unimapiable that Toman retlenes could respond. Yer hh was able to draw his sword ad slices ev when isn id= aie A psycologist who observed the experiment sid “He was expecting it before i happened 2 unique form of anticipatory awareness, sot of ike Spe Match 1-5 to A-E to make compound words from the article. breath A day side B fetched draw © back far D taking every E effect Match the compound words in Activity 7 to the words in italics in Activity 6. ‘Work in groups and discuss the questions. \What ae the drawbacks to being a student? \What is the most breathtaking view you have ever seen? ‘Which everyday activities do you find most tedious? ‘Whats the most extraordinary thing that has ever happened to you? 5 Whatis the most far-fetched story you have ever heard? Example: One of the camibacks to being a student is not having enough money to go out. Unita Forces of nature 39GRAMMAR FOCUS Articles definite, indefinite and Zero articles > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.146 Bl inthe article on page 39, Wim Hof showed an amazing ability to resist cold conditions. Complete the sentences about Wim Hof with a/an, the or ~(zero article). Then check Text B. 1. [Hof may not be able to turn everyday objects intoice, 2 Among Hof's achievements are standing submerged... fee bath for one hour and 44 minutes 3. [Healsoran] marathon in Arctic ice wearing only shorts. 4. Over... period of 20 minutes in... ieebath his temperature and heart rate remained completely normal 5 Hofbelieves......skllisattainable by anyone whe ean convince themselves they can doit ‘Complete the rules about articles (1-3) with the uses (A-E). Some rules match more than one use. Wedon'tuse an article We use a/an (the indefinite article) We use the (the definite article) ‘when there only one of something ‘when we want to tak about people or things in general When we want totalk about something ‘which has been mentioned before. D_ when ve mention something for the firsttime, or when itis notimportant which one, E when we use plural, uncountable and abstract nouns, w>Wwn a EX Match the examples from Activity ‘with the uses in Activity 2. There may be more than one example of each use. Gy Think of any other examples or rules you know for articles and check the Grammar Reference. 40 Unit A Forces of nature Discuss the kinds of weather conditions which pilots may experience. Then complete the gaps in the story with a/an, the or ~ (zero article), rus Apilot’s story As pilots, we have to get used to (1) storms and @ severe weather, and we are obviously prepared for (3) ‘emergencies. However, sometimes they can take you by (4) surprise. A year ago, I was flying to 6) USA and we were over (6) Atlantic Ocean when a ball of lightning struck (7) aircraft 1 was flying, Within seconds, (8) bright biue ball of light with © yellow tai filled (20) windscreen and there was (14) loud bang. My colleague said it felt as if (12) Cat had brushed against his leg as (23) lightning struck. Fortunately, after a lot of violent shaking, (co) things soon returned to (15) normal. i Work in pairs and compare your answers. Say why you chose them, referring to the rules in Activity 2. Work in groups. Discuss what types of weather conditions you like/di Example: I'm quite scared of storms but Ilove snove ED Find someone who has had one of the following experiences. 1) been afraid ofa storm 5. skidded on a patch of ice 6 seen lightning strike 3 had heatstroke 7. losttheirwayin fog 4 been inaflocd 8 been or ona rough sea 2. been snowed in Ey Tell the class about the experiences you found out about.