Intermediate 1

Subject + Verb + Object

The tides and winds of hurricanes cause extensive damage to pacific nations each year.

Phrase + Object + Verb + Subject

Just off the Massachusetts coast is Martha's Vineyard, a popular resort area.

Subject + Clause + Verb + Object

The life of Benjamin Franklin, a practical man about whom many stories have been told, was unusually productive.

Phrase + Subject + Verb + Object

Relied on extensively by persons who can’t speak or hear, US Sign Language ranks as the fourth most used language in the U.S.

A clause is a group of words containing a subject An introductory phrase is a group of words that comes before the main
and verb. clause in a sentence. It helps the reader understand more about the
main clause.
Dependent clauses often An independent clause
begin with such words as is a simple sentence. It A participial phrase is another form of verb phrase. It sets the stage for
although, since, if, when, can stand on its own. the main clause, allowing the reader to understand the context of
and because. what is happening.

Example: 4Having finished his lunch, Sam went back to work on his art project.
Although she is hungry, she will cook for him. 4Eaten by mosquitoes, we wished we had stayed at home.
4Clogged with traffic, the road was full of angry drivers.

______, Henry David Thoreau is known for his transcendental views.

_________extensively by persons who can’t speak or hear, US
A) He was like predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson Sign Language ranks as the fourth most used language in the U.S.
B) His predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, was like him A) Relied on C) Relying on it
C) Like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson B) It is relied on D) To rely on it
D) That he was like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson

III. Choose the correct VERB to complete the Introductory Participial Phrase.
1. _________
Sitting on the ground in a shady corner with my back against the wall, I took small sips from a can of Coke.
2. Invented
_________ by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher was driven by a steam engine.
3. Thoughconvinced
_________ that the economy was basically sound, President Hoover took steps to prevent the spread of
depression.
4. Published
_________ by the U.S. in 1914, the first edition of Infant Care recommended the use of peat moss for disposable diapers.

Invented - Sitting - Published - Convinced

8
Intermediate 1
II. Determine whether the underlined word groups are (D) dependent clauses, (I) independent clauses, or (N) not a clause.
D
1. Although it was raining, Maria went for a jog at Civitan Park. _______
2. Brianna eats chocolate whenever she gets a poor grade in math. _____D
3. After the flood, the family moved into a temporary shelter._______
I
4. While walking at the park, John saw a raccoon eating potato chips . _______
I
5. Students enrolled at “Instituto Tecnologico de Tijuana” must pass the English Test as a graduation requirement. __________
N
6. Students who fail the English test must enroll in the English remediation courses. _____________
7. When you finish your homework, please take the dog for a walk._____ D
8. After Juan completed the assignment, he swam laps at the gym._____ D
9. Christa left home at 4:00 a.m. since she had to drive to Atlanta for a meeting. _____________
N

Appositives
An appositive is a noun or a noun phrase
that sits next to another noun to rename
it or to describe it in another way.

Appositives are usually offset with

commas, parentheses, or dashes.

Max, my dog, will chew your shoes

if you leave them there.

Water,______ is one of the most abundant element on earth.

A) Is one of the most critical elements for human survival

B) One of the most critical elements for human survival
C) Of which one of the most critical elements for human survival
D) One of the most critical elements for human survival which

I. Underline the appositives in the following sentences.

1. My son, the policeman, will be visiting us next week.
2. The captain ordered the ship's carpenters to assemble the shallop, a large rowboat.
3. Walter, the playboy and writer, is very attached to his mother, Mrs. Hammond.
4. Paul Newman the famous American actor directed five motion pictures.
5. Elizabeth Teague, a sweet and lovable girl, grew up to be a mentally troubled woman.
6. Sweetbriar a company known throughout the South is considering a nationwide advertising campaign.
7. As an above-average student and talented musician John made his family proud.
8. The extremely popular American film Titanic was widely criticized for its mediocre script.
9. Citizen Kane the greatest American film ever made won only one Academy Award.
10. 60 Minutes the TV news magazine program featured a story on the popular singer Whitney Houston.

9
 Intermediate 2
Verb To have THE PERFECT TENSE
I have
You have Present perfect Past perfect
He has Sub + HAVE/HAS + past participle Sub + HAD + past participle
She has
It has AFF: You have seen Titanic many times. AFF: You had worked in a factory.
We have NEG: You haven’t been to Taiwan. NEG: You HADN’T said how many.
You have INT: Have you drunk Fourloko? INT: Had you eaten chapulines?
They have

Most fatty acids have been find as essential components of If he were alive today F. Scott Fitzgerald might be surprised to learn
A B
A B C
his novel The Great Gatsby having transcended its own age and
lipid molecules. C D
D turned into a timeless classic.

Adjectives
Order
Article Adjective 1 Adjective 2 Noun
The ugly fat Teacher
A small black girl
A nice European car

Past experience has shown that even well-trained ______

overwarming success in forecasting rates. A snowflake is a frailty crystalline structure which maintains its
A B
A) Experts do not always have delicate shape only as long as it is airborne.
B) Do not always have experts C D
C) There are experts who do not always have
D) Always do not have experts

Past Participal as adjectives

Adverbs Adverbs -ly
add more information about a are normally formed by adding The past participles of verbs are often used as
verb, an adjective, another adverb -LY to the end of an adjective. adjectives.

Can you move it CAREFULLY? Adjectives derived from past participles are similar
E.g. Quick - Quickly to -ed adjectives in English:
She likes the DULL white color. For adjectives that end in -l or -
cocido (cooked), confundido (confused),
e, we simply add -ly preparado (prepared).
She swims REALLY well.

Wages and salaries account for nearly three fourths of the The discovered of gold in California 1848 led to the Gold
A A B C
nationally income generated in the United States annually. Rush of 1849.
B C D D

10
 Intermediate 2

I. Complete using PRESENT PERFECT tense. II. Complete using PAST PERFECT tense.
has _______
1. Karen _______ send me an e-mail. (to send) 1. We _______ _______ (to eat) a salad.
had eaten
2. Dave and Pat havent
_______ _______
visitedthe museum. (not/to visit) 2. Ann _______ _______ (not / to paint) the fence.
hadent painted
3. _______
have I _______
to be at the pet shop?. (to be) 3. _______
had your sister _______
went (to go) out?
4. They _________
have already _________
packed their backpacks. (to pack) 4. She _______
hadent _______
watered(not / to water) the plants.
5. Marcus _______
hasent _______
had an accident. (not/to have) 5. The cat _______ _______ (to dissapear).
had dissapeared
6. We _______
have _______
done the dishes for our grandmother. (to do) 6. _______
had it _______
rained (to rain) that morning?
7. I ___________
has just ___________
cleaned my bike. (to clean) 7. I _______
had not_______
closed (not/ to close) the door.
8. ____________
has Emily ____________
painted her room?. (to paint) 8. Why _______
had he _______
put (to put) on a tie?
9. Lisa and Colin _______
have go _______ to a concert. (to go) 9. They _______
had finished (to finish) their work.
_______
10. My friends _______ _______
havent giveen up smoking. (not/to give up). 10. What _______
had he invented
_______ (to invent)?

III. Match the correct adjective and add it to the sentence. IV. Place the next words in the right order.
1. Let’s go to the ...... lake to skate all day. A) fragile 1. My / boy. / young / handsome / brother / a / is
2. I need a ....... calculator. This one's broken! B) good _________________________________________________
3. I can’t use that old chair; it's too ....... C) new 2. I / iPhone. / a / have / brand new/ pink /
4. She can't get into her jeans; she's too ....... D) bad _________________________________________________
5. He's so ……. ; he comes last in every race. E) fat 3. It’s / expensive / new / an / car.
6. You're only 15; that's not ....... enough to drive. F) spongy _________________________________________________
7. Sponge bob square pans is very ....... G) old 4. It’s / problem / time. / every / old / the / same
8. If you don't study for your test, you'll get a ....... grade. H) slow _________________________________________________
9. I felt so ....... when I got an A in my science test. I) thick 5. I / music. / listen / Indian / loud / really / to / often
10. I can't sleep, it’s hot outside; my blanket is too ....... J) frozen _________________________________________________

V. Underline the Adverbs.

1. The furious lion slept peacefully.
2. She happily ate her food.
3. He could have driven faster.
4. It will get dark soon.
5. First beat the eggs vigorously.
6. They must have left earlier.
7. The ball is rolling backwards.
8. Building a house is fairly complicated.
9. Cross the street carefully.
10. Susan angrily told him not to tease her.

11
 Intermediate 3
Comparative - Superlative
Yoselin is smarter than John. Short Yoselin is the smartest.

Yoselin is more intelligent than John. Long Yoselin is the most intelligent.

Yoselin is better than John. Irregular Yoselin is the best.

Yoselin is worse than John. Yoselin is the worst.
Mexicali is farther than Tecate.

Children usually turn to their parents rather than _______ for

Chicago´s Sears Tower, now the taller building in the
protection from threats in their environments.
A B
A) They turn to other figures of authority
world rises 1,522 feet from ground to the top of its antenna.
B) Authority figures to other
C D
C) To other figures of authority
D) They turning to other figures of authority

As… as / so… as as
puesto que, pues, ya que
as + adjective + as "So" es una forma de "so", un
adverbio que se puede indican la razón o motivo por el que
Tom is as tall as me. traducir como "tan". tiene lugar la acción.
Bob is as intelligent as me.
Jane is as good as us. I can be so patient as an Owl. She didn't understand a word, as she
doesn't speak English.

Few synthetic vitamins and minerals in pill supplements are In practice, setting up a chain of command in a business can be a
absorbed so efficiently by the body that are those occurring very complicated task, _______ it involves the interaction of real
A B C human beings.
AS
naturally in foods. (A) because of (C) as
D (B) how (D) due to

Either … or Neither … nor

It’s a correlative conjuntcion. This structure is used to connect
We use it to connect things the same kind of words, Neither
which are the same type. makes a negative statement
about two things.
They can either have breakfast
or have a shower. My teacher neither drinks nor
smokes.
You can either work from home Neither the employees nor the
or from the office. boss are at work.

nor
Oil-base house paint is neither easy to work with or quick to clean up, but it is often preferred to latex paint because of its high sheen
A B C D
and durability.

12
 Intermediate 3
I. Complete the sentence using the COMPARATIVE in brackets. II. Complete the sentence using SUPERLATIVE in brackets.
smaller
1. Jake's room is _____________ than Larry's room. (small) the closest
1. The moon is _______ _____________ satellite to earth. (close)
2. The blue car is ______________
nicer than the black car. (nice) 2. Jupiter is________ _______ planet in our solar system. (large)
the largest
3. This exercise is _______________
more boring than that one. (boring) 3. Sirius is _______ ________
most billiantstar we can see from earth. (brilliant)
4. His shirt is ___________________
darker than his jeans. (dark) 4. Venus is ________ _________ planet in our solar system. (hot)
the hottest
5. Susan's hair is __________________
longer than my hair. (long) 5. Ceres is ______ ___________ asteroid in our solar system. (big)
the biggest
6. George is _____________________
funnier than Robert. (funny) 6. The Energy is _______
the most______________
powerfull rocket. (powerful)
7. My grade is better
____________________ than Harry's. (good) 7. Karl Henize was _______ ______ man in space. He was 58. (old)
the oldest
8. Gold is _____________________
more expensive than silver. (expensive) 8. Saturn is ________
the most___________________
beautifull planet. (beautiful)
9. Christine is _____________________
smarter than Alice. (smart) 9. Venus is ________ _______ planet in our solar system. (bright)
the brightest
10. Football is _________________
more popular than handball. (popular) 10. The Apollo is_____ _______
the most space program. (expensive)
expensive

III. Use either AS ... AS or NOT AS ... AS IV. Choose the correct pair (either / or and neither / nor).
1. The blue car is ______________
as fast as the red car. (fast) either or
1. In this game, you __ win __ lose. It depends on you.
2. Peter is ______________________
as not as tall Fred. (not/tall) neither nor
2. ___ Sue ___ Sara will help you. They are both busy at the moment.
3. The violin is ______________
as not lowtheascello. (not/low) 3. This is my offer. You ___ eithertake it ___
or leave it.
4. This copy is ______________
as bad as the other one. (bad) 4. When I go to the restaurant, I eat either ___ fish ___
or chicken. I like both.
5. Oliver is __________________
as optimistic as Peter. (optimistic) 5. His father believed neither
___ his son ___ nor
his friend. He thought they both lied.
6. Today it's _____________
not as windy as yesterday. (not/windy) 6. I needneither
___ your help ___ nor
your compassion. I can handle my problems.
7. The onion soup is as______
good as the carrot soup. (good) 7. ___
either Charly ___
or Bill will write the report. Just ask one of them.
8. Grapefruit juice isas______
sweet as lemonade. (not/sweet) 8.either
___ you return the money you had stolen ____ or I'll call the police.
9. Nick is ______________________
as brave as Kevin. (brave) 9. My mom can’t neither
___ read ___ nor write. She is illiterate.
10. Omar is __________________
as not brave as Hugo. (not/smart) 10. You can’t useneither
___ this computer ___ nor the other one. He must fix them first.

13