SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

CIENOR1 CIVIL ENGINEERING

ORIENTATION

Prepared by:

Engr. Mark Russel S. Cordero A Self-regulated Learning Module

A Self-regulated Learning Module 1
Cover Page …………………………………………………………………………………………….. i

Introduction ………………………………………………………………….………………………… 4

Course Learning Outcomes …………………………………………………….…………………… 5

Assessment Guidelines ……………………………………………………………………...………. 6

Module I: History of Civil Engineering ……………………………………………………………….8

Unit I: Development of Civil Engineering ………………………………………………..… 8

Unit II: Development of Civil Engineering in the Philippines ……………..……………...11

Module II: Civil Engineering, Society and other Professions ………………………………..…. 14

Unit III: Role of Civil Engineers in the Society ……………………………………...…….14

Unit IV: Important Qualities of Civil Engineers ……………………………………...……16

Module III: Careers/ Current Field of Civil Engineering ………………………………………….18

Unit V: Civil Engineering’s Fields of Specialization ……………………………….…….18

Structural Engineering ………………………………………………………….….19

Water Resources Engineering …………………………………………….…….. 21

Transportation Engineering ……………………………………………………… 22

Geotechnical Engineering ………………………………………………..……….25

Construction Engineering and Management ………………………………..….27

Environmental Engineering ………………………………………………………. 29

Module IV: Civil Engineering Sustainability and the Future ……………..……………….…….. 31

Unit VI: Sustainable Engineering ………………………………………………..……….. 31

References ………………………………………….………………………………………………. 36

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A Self-regulated Learning Module 3
 In this course, you will learn about the development and history of civil engineering as a
professional course. This module enables the students to understand more about the
program/course considering civil engineering as a wide profession. In this manner, this text is
subdivided into four modules. Every module has subtopics to consider including evaluations for
the understanding of the students. This module is divided into the following:

MODULE 1: History of Civil Engineering

MODULE 2: Civil Engineering, Society and other Professions

MODULE 3: Careers/ Specializations of Civil Engineering

MODULE 4: Civil Engineering, Sustainability and the Future

As a result of educational experiences for this course, the students must be able to
attain and demonstrate the course learning outcomes enumerated.

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 After completing this subject, the students
must be able to:

1. Understand the history of Civil

Engineering in the world and in the
Philippines;
2. Familiarize with the practices, duties
and responsibilities of civil engineers in

relation to their interaction with the society;

3. To come up with an idea in
sustainable engineering for promoting
sustainable life in the future;
4. Understand the relation of Civil
Engineering to Environmental Science
5. To familiarize with the engineering
inventions and innovations not just in the
country but
in the whole
world.

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I. OUTPUT:
At the end of every topic, students are required to answer the given
assessment tool to evaluate the learning absorbed by the student on this
module.

II. MATERIALS:
The student will be given this module to read and understand. They may
also be required to search on books and internet as learning resources.
Students are also required to join scheduled meetings through Google Meet,
Zoom or any other applications as a mode of communication.

III. REQUIREMENT GUIDELINES:

The students are required complete all given activities. All requirements
should be handwritten unless specified in the instructions. Files must be
collected online and in PDF format. Follow the format given below:

NAME: Class Schedule:

S
ID No. Date Submitted:
t
u
Class Code
d
QUESTIONS and PROBLEMS (Copy the assigned questions on this area)
e
Follow the instructions given on each of the evaluation tools at the end of each
n
module.
t
Student’s
s Signature

are required to scan all the given activities for the whole semester including
the Prelim Examination, Midterm Examination and Final Examination on or
before the deadline. Portfolio and activities must be submitted on a single
PDF file ONLY.

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 IV. EVALUATION TOOL:
The rubrics below will be the basis of evaluation for the activities given.

RUBRICS FOR ESSAY

FEATURES EXEMPLARY SATISFACTORY AVERAGE POOR

(80-100%) of the total (50-79%) of the (20-49%) of the (1-19%) of the

points total points total points total points

QUALITY OF -Piece was written in -Piece was written in -Piece had a -The student wrote
WRITING, an extraordinary style an interesting style. little style. nothing/ did not
INSIGHTS ON submit his/her
-Very informative and -Somewhat -Informative but
THE GIVEN output.
well – organized informative and poorly
SITUATTIONS/
organized. organized.
PROBLEMS

How to pass your activities?

a. For Online Students:

Activities will be collected thru Google Classroom on a given deadline. Failure to submit
activities on or before the deadline will be given a corresponding deduction. All
submitted files must be in a PDF format and must be clear and readable.
b. For Offline Students:
You can submit your scanned output thru FB messenger if possible. If not, you have to
send it thru express delivery courier (like LBC, JRS, DHL, FedEx, 2Go) addressed to the
facilitator. Contact information is provided below. Submission of output should be done
every last week of the month.

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 MODULE 1: HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Unit I: Development of Civil Engineering

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able:

1. Understand the history of Civil Engineering in the world and in the Philippines

DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

4000 and 2000 B.C

 In Ancient Egyt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq), humans started to abandon the
nomadic existence causing a need for the construction of shelter.

 During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the

development of the wheel ad sailing.

2700 – 2500 B.C

 There was no clear distinction between engineer and architect during this time. The term
engineer and architect were mainly referring to the same person, often used
interchangeably.

 During this era, the construction of pyramid in Egypt

might be considered the instances of large structure
constructions.

 Around 2550 B.C, Imhotep, the first documented

engineer, built a famous stepped pyramid for King
Djoser located at Saqqara Necropolis. His greatest
Actual photo of Pyramid built Imhotep around
contribution to engineering was his discovery of the 2550 B.C
art of building with shaped stones.

There are several historic structures built around the world during the ancient civil engineering
era. Some of the structures were as follows:

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  Qanat Water Management System (the oldest older than 3000 years ago)
Accordingly, some sources state qanats were invented in Iran before 1000 BCE and as
far back as 3000 BCE.

 The Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC)

 The Appian Way by Roman engineers (312 BC),

 The Great Wall of China by General Meng T’ien under orders from Ch’in Emperor Shih
Huang Ti (220 BC)

 Machu Picchu, Peru, built at around

1450, at the height of the Inca Empire is
considered an engineering marvel. It was
built in the Andes Mountains assisted
by some of history’s most ingenious
water resource engineers. The people of
Machu Picchu built a mountain top city

with running water, drainage systems, Machu Picchu in Peru. (Photo taken from Google)
food production and stone structures so
advanced that they endured for over 500 years.

Vitruvius' De Architectura

 It was published at 1 AD in Rome and survived to give us a look at engineering

education in ancient times.

 It was probably written around 15 BC by the Roman architect Vitruvius and dedicated to
his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects.

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EDUCATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

 The first engineering school, The National School of Bridges

and Highways, France, was opened in 1747.

 In 1771 the Englishman John Smeaton was the first self-

proclaimed engineer when his studies of canals and building
designs all over England was renowned.

 John Smeaton was born on June 08, 1724. He is also known as

the “Father of Civil Engineering”. The Eddystone Lighthouse
design by the first self-
 He was also a founder and leader of Smeatonian Society of proclaimed engineer, John
Smeaton. (Photo taken from
Civil Engineers. Google.)

 Among his accomplishments were designing the Eddystone Lighthouse in Plymouth.

Smeaton used Portland Limestone as his foundations of his Lighthouse to counteract the
strong tides.

 In 1818, world’s first engineering society, the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded
in London.

 In 1820, the eminent engineer Thomas Telford became its first president.

 The institution received a Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognizing civil engineering
as a profession.

 The first private college to teach Civil Engineering in the United States was Norwich
University founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge.

 The first degree in Civil Engineering in the United States was awarded by Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute in 1835.

 The first such degree to be awarded to a woman was granted by Cornell University to
Nora Stanton Blatch in 1905.

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 Unit II: Development of Civil Engineering in the Philippines

DURING SPANISH TIME

 Native Filipinos had a little knowledge and focused their construction on the essential
needs in life (Farms, Houses, Docks etc.)

 The Spanish occupation introduced the Engineering Field in the country upon arrival in
the country Spanish built buildings that still stands today.

 Although Filipinos that time had the knowledge and skills to design and build their own
infrastructures, they were contented with just being a “Maestro de Obra” which is in
equivalent today as foreman.

 The lack of formal education in Engineering was a hindrance for the early Filipinos to
excel in the field and mostly Friars and Military Builders from Europe (Spain, Belguim
etc.) dominates the field of engineering.

SPANISH MILESTONES/LANDMARKS IN THE PHILIPPINES

 June 24,1571, Miguel Lopes De Legaspi conquered most parts of the Philippines and
establish the City of Manila as the Center and built “Fuerte De Santiago” Fort Santiago
as the first line of defense made out of solid stones.

 In 1577 the arrival of the Franciscan Order and Jesuit Order started building stone
churches all over the islands

 In 1586 the creation of walled city with the designs of a Fr. Antonio Sedeno the oldest
stone fortification called “Intramuros”.

 In 1634, the second Fort was constructed Fort Santiago.

 In 1846, Pasig River Light house the first masonry-built light house in the Philippines.

 In 1880, School of Maestro de Obras called Escuela Practica y Artes Oficios de Manila.

 In 1887, the construction of Manila-Dagupan railroad was started and completed on

1892 with a total length of 195.4 km.

AMERICAN ARRIVAL

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  The new colonizers focus the efforts on English education, public health, good
governance and enterprise therefore they brought with them Thomasite priest that
served as teachers, doctors, evangelist etc.

 1900 Liceo de Manila is the first private institution to offer the course of Maestro de Obra
the forerunner to the courses of Engineering.

 1902 the first professional association of Architecture and surveyors (including

Engineers) was born with the creation of Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de
Filipinas (AAAF)

 In 1904 the AAAF Academia merged with Liceo de Manila to establish the Escuela de
Ingeniera y Arquitectura which offers a five-year Architecture and Civil Engineering
courses.

 1906 the Escuela failed and closed.

 1907 University of Santo Tomas the oldest Engineering School in the Philippines was
established on May 28, 1907 leading in the program offering Bachelors and Master’s
degree in the field of Engineering.

 February 23, 1921, Act No. 2985 creating a separate board exam for Civil Engineering
and Architecture.

 In 1928, a group of civil engineers from a government sector formed the first association
known as the Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) and Engr. Marcial
Kasilag as the president holding Number 1 slot in the PRC Registry of Civil Engineerss.

 In 1937, Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) was formed from a private
sector with Engr. Enrique Sto. Tomas Cortes as the first president.

THIRD REPUBLIC

 In 1950, Ambuklao Dam was constructed and opened on 1956.

 In 1961, the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) was

founded.

 In 1965, RA 4566 was enacted to regulate the construction business known as the
“Contactors License Law”.

 On June 1973, PD 223 Creating PRC which will regulate all profession and that only

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 one representative organization will represent the entire profession.

 December 11, 1973 - PSCE and PACE merged as one and secured an SEC
Registration 53896 known as the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE).

 On February 1974, the first Election of Officers for PICE was conducted and Engr.
Cesar Caliwara as the first president.

 February 19, 1977 - PD 1096 creating a National Building Code for the Philippines
(NBCP).

 In 1991, Proclamation No. 799 declared November 3-9 as the Civil Engineering
Week recognizing the importance of the profession in the development of the country.

 Another historical milestone was the accreditation (no. 007) of PICE by the
Professional Regulation Commission on August 13, 1975 as the only official
recognized organization of civil engineers in the Philippines.

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 MODULE 2: CIVIL ENGINEERING, SOCIETY AND OTHER PROFESSIONS

Unit III: Role of Civil Engineers in the Society

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able:

1. Familiarize with the practices, duties and responsibilities of civil engineers in relation to
their interaction with the society

CIVIL ENGINEERING AS A PROFESSION

What is Civil Engineering?

Civil engineering is the design and construction of public

works, such as dams, bridges and other large infrastructure
projects. It is one of the oldest branches of engineering, and said
to be the second oldest engineering discipline after military
engineering dating back to when people first started living in
permanent settlements and began shaping their environments to
suit their needs.

What Civil Engineers do?

Civil engineers "design, construct, supervise, operate and

maintain large construction projects and systems, including roads, buildings, airports, tunnels,
dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment," according to the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Civil Engineers may also handle site preparation activities, such as excavation, earth
moving and grading for large construction projects. Additionally, civil engineers may conduct or
write the specifications for destructive or non-destructive testing of the performance, reliability
and long-term durability of materials and structures.

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RESPONSIBILITIES OF A CIVIL ENGINEER IN THE SOCIETY

Civil engineers are responsible for the public safety in number of ways including rural
engineering. From constructing highways and buildings to bridges and tunnels, the
responsibilities of civil engineers are many.

 A civil engineer is responsible for analyzing different factors regarding a construction

project. They analyze the site of the construction and the surrounding area. The process
includes search and investigation, verifying whether that location is feasible for
construction purposes or not. Civil engineers also analyze the entire construction work
that needs to be completed at the site. They have to analyze every step of the processes
required for completing the construction job.

 A civil engineer has to follow a construction project from beginning to end and make
necessary changes along the way to completion. They are responsible for checking
whether the safety features of the project are maintained or not and must ensure that all
the processes are followed.

 A civil engineer also needs to use different figures, equation and applications to ensure
that the processes are been implemented accurately. They need to conduct a number of
functions such as conducting chemical testing using various applications, use a drafting
and design software throughout the project, and conducting electrical testing of devices
and equipment. They also need to be aware of land surveying techniques and the metric
system.

 Another function of a civil engineer is to promote sustainability not just only to lessen the
cost but also to help the environment in many ways.

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 Unit IV: Important Qualities of Civil Engineers

 Decision making skills

Civil engineers often balance multiple and frequently conflicting

objectives, such as determining the feasibility of plans with regard to financial
costs and safety concerns. Urban and regional planners often look to civil
engineers for advice on these issues. Civil engineers must be able to make good
decisions based on best practices, their own technical knowledge, and their own
experience.

 Leadership skills

Civil engineers take ultimate responsibility for the projects that they
manage or research that they perform. Therefore, they must be able to lead
planners, surveyors, construction managers, civil engineering technicians, civil
engineering technologists, and others in implementing their project plan.

 Math skills

Civil engineers use the principles of calculus, trigonometry, and other

advanced topics in mathematics for analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their
work.

 Organizational skills

Only licensed civil engineers can sign the design documents for
infrastructure projects. This requirement makes it imperative that civil engineers
be able to monitor and evaluate the work at the jobsite as a project progress.
That way, they can ensure compliance with the design documents. Civil
engineers also often manage several projects at the same time, and thus must
be able to balance time needs and to effectively allocate resources.

 Problem-solving skills

Civil engineers work at the highest level of the planning, design,

construction, and operation of multifaceted projects or research. The many
variables involved require that they possess the ability to identify and evaluate
complex problems. They must be able to then use their skill and training to

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 develop cost-effective, safe, and efficient solutions.

 Speaking skills

Civil engineers must present reports and plans to audiences of people

with a wide range of backgrounds and technical knowledge. This requires the
ability to speak clearly and to converse with people in various settings, and to
translate engineering and scientific information into easy-to-understand concepts.

 Writing skills

Civil engineers must be able to communicate with others, such as

architects, landscape architects, urban and regional planners. They also must be
able to explain projects to elected officials and citizens. Civil engineers must be
able to write reports that are clear, concise, and understandable to those with
little or no technical or scientific background.

ACTIVITY:

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 MODULE 3: CAREERS/ CURRENT FIELDS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Unit V- Civil Engineers Field of Specializations.

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able:

1. Familiarize with the different specializations in Civil engineering and the duties and
responsibilities of every field of specialty.

Civil Engineering is the broadest of all other engineering disciplines. There are
several specializations to consider. People are taking up this course because of plenty to
specialized. It is also less risky in terms of employment availability. Some people think
that being a civil engineer has better compensation than any other profession. Well, you
have to find out soon!

In this chapter, it discusses the major specialization that a civil engineer can take
part. It includes Structural Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Transportation
Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Construction Engineering and Management and
Environmental Engineering.

STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
CONSTRUCTION
ENGINEERING WATER
AND RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING

CIVIL
ENGINEERING

GEOTECHNICAL
TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING

ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING

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STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

What is Structural Engineering?

Structural engineering is a specialty within the field of civil engineering that focuses on
the framework of structures, and on designing those structures to withstand the stresses and
pressures of their environment and remain safe, stable and secure throughout their use. In other
words, structural engineers make sure that buildings don't fall down and bridges don't collapse.

Duties and Responsibilities of a Structural Engineer

 Manage and supervise site structural work aspects to ensure that everything is in
compliance with the required or approved drawings in line with construction standard
and safety

 Review and approval of the subcontractor or contractor’s materials, documents and shop
drawings submittals

 Review of the proposed structural engineering changes received from the contractors
and advises the Resident Engineer of any potential issues.

 Responsible for the preparation of structural design report

Differences between a Civil Engineer and a Structural Engineering

 Structural Engineering is a specialty within the field that focuses on the design of
columns, beams and support devices for buildings, bridges, tunnels and similar
structures while Civil engineering can specialize in wide range of projects. They have
slight difference since they fall on the general category of civil engineering.

 Civil engineering focuses more on design elements, while structural engineering might
involve inspecting building materials, such as cement, steel, and lumber. The inspection
process ensures construction materials can adequately support the size and design of
the development for its intended use.

MAJOR CAUSE OF STRUCTURAL FAILURES

 Defective designs

 Miscalculations of actual loading conditions

 Inferior construction materials

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  Inferior workmanship (unskilled laborers)

 Foundation failure

FAMOUS WORKS OF A STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS IN THE WORLD

 BURJ KHALIFA , DUBAI

Standing at 829.8 meters, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the

tallest building in the world. The building’s incredibly tall design
inspired the creation of the ‘buttressed core’, an engineering
structural system with a hexagonal core which helps to support
higher buildings than ever before.

 GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

This Photo by Unknown Author is

The Golden Gate Bridge is considered

by many to be one of the most beautiful bridges
in the world. This $27 million project is a mile-
long suspension bridge that spans a strait,
connecting the city of San Francisco to Marin
County. It opened in 1937 and was the longest
suspension bridge in the world for almost three
decades. The bridge is one of the most This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC
recognized and influential symbols of the United BY-NC-ND

States and has been declared a Wonder of the Modern World by the American Society
of Civil Engineers.

 HOVER DAM
The Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam
in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River. The
construction of the Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead,
the largest reservoir in the United States. It was such a
large project that several temporary towns were built
during its construction to house the thousands of workers
who made it. The dam is named after President Herbert
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA
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 Hoover, cost the equivalent of over $660 million to build and was completed in five
years, two years ahead of its schedule.

 ENGLISH CHANNEL TUNNEL

The English Channel Tunnel links the shore of

Kent in the UK with Pas-de-Calais in France. It has the
longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, at
23.5 miles (37.9km). At its deepest point, it is 75 meters
(250ft) below the sea bed and 115m (380ft) below sea
level. It is designed to carry high-speed Eurostar
passenger trains, international goods trains and a
shuttle for road vehicles, making it the largest transport
system of its kind in the entire world. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 ITAIPU DAM
On the Parana River, bordering Brazil and
Paraguay lies the Itaipu Dam. This mega-dam
produces more hydroelectric energy than any other
dam in the world – measuring in at an immense
103,098,366-megawatt-hour (MWh). The energy
produced by the dam is split evenly between Paraguay
and Brazil, although it generates so much electricity
that there is surplus energy for Paraguay which is This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed
under CC BY-ND
transferred back to Brazil.

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

WHAT IS WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING?

-Water resource engineering is the field that is primarily responsible for water
and tackles the planning, development, and management of water resources.

-quantitative study of the hydrologic cycle -- the distribution and circulation of

water linking the earth's atmosphere, land and oceans.

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 Water Resources

-refers to natural resources of water that is potentially useful.

Examples: Ground water, surface water, Saltwater

Ground Water – water that occurs below the surface of Earth, where it
occupies all or part of the void spaces in soils or geologic strata

Surface Water - any body of water above ground, including streams,

rivers, lakes, wetlands, reservoirs, and creeks. Saltwater is also
considered as surface water.

SCOPE OF WORKS OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEER

 Plan and manage facilities that are constructed like making canals and irrigation and
sewer drainage

 Addresses methods in controlling water to avoid water-related damage and catastrophes

 Focuses on the land and water resources management for both rural and urban
watersheds

 Assess the quality, quantity and variability of groundwater and surface water

 Sewer systems for waste water and storm water

 Irrigation control system

 Hydraulic Dams including dams, spillways, canals and reservoirs

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

What is Transportation Engineering?

-sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the application of technology

and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of
facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, efficient, rapid,
comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people
and goods.

*Transportation

– an act of moving from one place to another

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Duties and Responsibilities of a Transportation Engineer

 Review plans of a proposed downtown development to determine the effect on the traffic
system
 Perform simulations of traffic flows at an intersection to make sure that the traffic can
move smoothly
 Develop a system of crosswalks so that pedestrians can move safely through a busy
intersection
 Design the runways of an airport to accommodate airplanes

Branches of Transportation Engineering

 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
-deals with planning, design,
construction and operation of
highways, roads and other vehicular
facilities as well as their related
pedestrian and bicycle realm
-analyze locations for traffic volumes
and high collisions for safety and capacity
-utilize the three controls which are
the drivers, the vehicles and the
roadways itself

 RAILROAD ENGINEERING

-deals with the design, construction and operation of railroads and mass
transit systems

-focuses on the train movement control

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 AIRPORT ENGINEERING
-deals with the design and construction of airports
-accounts for the impact and demands of aircraft in their design of airport
facilities




 PORT AND HARBOR ENGINEERING
-deals with the design, construction and operation of ports, harbors, canals,
and other maritime facilities

Port – refers to a place where ships and may ride secure from storms

Harbors – a part of the ocean, a lake, etc. that is next to land and is protected
and deep enough to provide safety for ships

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

What is Geotechnical Engineering?

-Geotechnical Engineering is the sub discipline of civil engineering that is

concerned with the engineering behavior of earth’s materials.

-It also involves the application of Soil Mechanics to the design of foundations,
retaining structures, and earth structures.

Duties And Responsibilities Of Geotechnical Engineer

• Subsurface Investigation

-the job of the geotechnical engineer essentially starts with a collection of soil
samples from the project’s intended site, using bores and test pits. Amongst other
factors, the analysis will determine the ground’s stress bearing capability and stability.

• Field Test

-after research into soil quality and stress-bearing factors, geotechnical

engineers must determine whether issues like erosion, settlement and slope will pose
safety risk to the proposed project.

• Computer Analysis

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 -as a geotechnical engineer, you will be required to analyze the results of
subsurface investigations and field tests with dedicated software. Your ability to
understand data and model future conditions will be crucial to the development of the
construction project. After analysis, geotechnical engineers may be required to assist in
the development of earthworks and foundations suitable to the conditions of the site.

• Client Meeting

-a regular duty of the geotechnical engineer is to meet with clients for

evaluations of project progress. Budget and time constraints will be expected to know
and provide a variety of important information.

Applications of Geotechnical Engineering

• Foundation Design

-Foundation is a very important element of all civil engineering structures. These

structures are founded in or on the surface of the earth, it is necessary to understand the
capacity of the soil, effect of ground water and vibrations.

• Pavement Design

-Pavement can be either flexible or rigid, and its performance depends upon the
subsoil on which it rests. The thickness of pavements and its component parts depend
upon certain characteristics of the subsoil, which should be determined before the
design is made.

• Design of Earth-Retaining Structures and Underground

-The design and construction of underground and earth-retaining structures

constitute an important phase of engineering. Underground structures include tunnels,
drainage structures, pipelines etc. A thorough knowledge of geotechnical engineer is
essential to design gravity-retaining structures subjected to soil loadings.

Karl Von Terzaghi

- He is Known as “father of modern Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering”.

- In 1910, he decided to dedicate the advancement of Soil Mechanics.

- In 1925, he established the first academic program in Soil Mechanics at the

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 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

- In 1930, his work had led to the appointment of a Special Committee on Earthworks and
Foundations by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

What is Construction Engineering and Management?

Construction Engineering and Management is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that

focuses on the design, planning, constructing ang managing roads, bridges, buildings, utility
systems, dams and other pieces of infrastructures.

CONSTRUCTION
CIVIL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND
MANAGEMENT

Management – the process of dealing with or controlling things or people

Construction Management – the application of project management techniques in

planning, design, and construction of project from the beginning up to its end.

Duties and Responsibilities of a Construction Manager / Construction Engineer

 Designing, planning and overseeing projects

 Supervising and modifying projects
 Draft technical support documents
 Developing and preparing bids
 Develop Construction plans
 Utilizing (BIM – Building Information Modeling)
o Building Information Modeling- is a highly collaborative process that allows
multiple stakeholders and AEC (architecture, engineering, construction)
professionals to collaborate on the planning, design, and construction of a

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 building within one.
 Managing subcontractor firms.
 Working with the owner to ensure that the project meets requirements.
 Solving job site problems, moving between the field and office.
 Gaining additional education and training.
 Communicate with team leadership

Skills needed to be a good construction manager

 Leadership
 Creativity
 Good planning skills
 Communication Skills
 Good strategic response to problems that may occur to the project
 Excellent interpersonal skills

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

What is Environmental Engineering?

- It is a sub-discipline of civil engineering and chemical engineering.

- It is the application of scientific and engineering principles to improve
and maintain the environment to: protect human health, protect nature's
beneficial ecosystems, and improve environmental-related enhancement of
the quality of human life.

Two Main Areas of Environmental Engineering

1. Internal environments may consist of housing or offices or other commercial

properties. In this area, the environmental engineering sometimes stands for the
designing of building services to condition the internal environment to a comfortable
state or the removal of excess pollutants such as carbon dioxide or other harmful
substances.

2. External environments may be water courses, air, land or seas, and may require
new strategies for harnessing energy or the creation of treatment facilities for
polluting technologies.

Duties and Responsibilities of Environmental Engineers

 Develop solutions to environmental problems using the principles of engineering,

soil science, Chemistry and Biology.
 Improving the quality of recycling, waste disposal, public health, water and air
pollution control.
 Prevent the release of harmful chemical and biological contaminants into the air,
water and soil through inspection of factories if they are complying with the
environmental laws enforced by the government.
 Innovate alternative solutions to certain construction problems to lessen the
negative impact to the environment.

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Joseph Bazalgette

- He is the first environmental engineer.

- chief engineer of London’s Metropolitan Board of Works
- his major achievement was the creation (in response to the Great Stink of
1858) of a sewer network for central London which was instrumental in
relieving the city from cholera epidemics, while beginning the cleansing of
the River Thames.

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 MODULE 4: Civil Engineering, Sustainability and the Future

Unit VI- Sustainable Engineering

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

1. To come up with an idea in sustainable engineering for promoting sustainable life in the
future

Sustainable Engineering
Sustainable Engineering takes environmental engineering concepts to the next
level by looking at the interactions between technical, ecological, social and economic
systems and by avoiding shifting problems from one area to the other.

Sustainability

- Sustainability means living well within the ecological limits of a finite planet.

- avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an

ecological balance.

Sustainability Approaches in Engineering

SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING
TRADITIONAL ENGINEERING

Considers the whole system in which the object

Considers the object or process
or process will be used

Considers both technical and non-technical

Focuses on technical issues
issues synergistically

Solves the immediate problem Strives to solve the problem for infinite future

Considers the local context Considers the global context

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Assumes others will deal with political, Acknowledge the need to interact the experts in
ethical, and societal issues other disciplines related to the problem

Sustainable Building

Sustainable building requires that architects, engineers and contractors all co-create with
the environment focusing on renewable energy, sustainable materials, water conservation, site
development and indoor environmental quality.

BENEFITS:

1. Environmental Benefits
 Protect the Ecosystem
 Reduce Emissions
 Improve Air and Water Quality
 Conserve Water
 Reduce Waste Streams
 Conserve and Restore Natural Resources
 Waste Reduction
 Temperature Control

2. Economic Benefits
 Helps Aid in the Expansion of the “Green Market”
 Reduce Operating Costs
 Optimizes the Life Cycle of the Building
 Increases Property Value
 Improve Occupants Attendance and Productivity

3. Social Benefits
 Improve Occupants Comfort and Health

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 Create an Aesthetically Pleasing Environment
 Minimizes Strain on Local Infrastructure
 Increases Occupants Overall Morale
 Improves Worker Productivity

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EXAMPLES OF INNOVATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING

 The Smog Free Project: Jewelry made from Air Pollution

Daan Roosegaarde is the mastermind behind the world's first smog vacuum cleaner.
The Smog Free Tower measures almost 23 feet high (7 meters) and sucks in polluted air,
cleaning it through a process of ionization before releasing it again.

 Sundrop Farms: Energy Efficient Agriculture

Sundrop Farms are known for cultivating a set of agricultural technologies that require
fewer finite resources than traditional farming. Their eco-friendly greenhouse operations depend
on concentrated solar power and thermal desalination.

 The Green Building Initiative: Building Homes and Reducing Emissions

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 The Green Building Initiative (GBI) is an international effort towards creating sustainable,
resource-efficient buildings. They offer a certification program for commercial buildings who
adhere to their environmentally-friendly vision.

 The Veganbottle: An All-Natural Alternative to Plastic Bottles

Created by LYSPACKAGING, the Veganbottle is made from an all-natural bioplastic that

could replace plastic bottles forever. Everything in the Veganbottle, from the cap to the wrapper,
is made from 100% biodegradable materials. The bottle is made from sugar cane extracts.

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Assessment of course module:
This part of the module is to be answered at the end of the course. It will not evaluate
your teacher.
1. What lesson or activity did I enjoy most? Why?
2. What is the most important lesson which I can apply in my daily life?
3. What are the new insights/discoveries that I learned?
4. What topics do I find least important?
5. What possible topics should have been included?

Journals

1. ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)

2. GREEN FACTS (Facts on Health and Environment)
3. Dindo, Mojica.(2013).The thoughts of a Simple Engineer
Electronic Sources
1. LIVESCIENCE (www.livescience,com)
2. PICE OFFICIAL WEBSITE (www.pice.org.ph)
3. www.thecivilengg.com
4. Institute of Science and Technology (istonline.org.in)

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