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AEROSPACE AS8090

STANDARD Issued 1997-08

Reaffirmed 2011-01

Submitted for recognition as an American National Standard

Mobility, Towed Aerospace Ground Equipment,

General Requirements For

NOTICE

This document has been taken directly from U.S. Military Specification MIL-M-8090F and contains only
minor editorial and format changes required to bring it into conformance with the publishing
requirements of SAE technical standards.

The original Military Specification was adopted as an SAE standard under the provisions of the SAE
Technical Standards Board (TSB) Rules and Regulations (TSB 001) pertaining to accelerated adoption
of government specifications and standards. TSB rules provide for (a) the publication of portions of
unrevised government specifications and standards without consensus voting at the SAE Committee
level, (b) the use of the existing government specification or standard format, and (c) the exclusion of
any qualified product list (QPL) sections.

1. SCOPE:

1.1 Scope:

This specification covers general design and performance requirements for the mobility of towed
ground support equipment. The complete mobility requirements for an item of towed aerospace
ground equipment not specified herein shall be specified in the individual equipment specification
(see 6.4).

1.1.1 Applicability: The requirements and tests contained in this specification apply to the mobility
aspects of all manually propelled and towed items of ground equipment. They represent the
minimum acceptable mobility features. When it is known that the equipment will require mobility
features that are more severe than the mobility features stated herein, the mobility features may
be modified in the individual equipment specification.

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is
entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”
SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.
Copyright © 2011 SAE International
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.
TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)
SAE values your input. To provide feedback
Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
Fax: 724-776-0790 on this Technical Report, please visit
Email: CustomerService@[Link] [Link]
SAE WEB ADDRESS: [Link]
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SAE AS8090

[Link] General application: Prior to use of this specification, the required operating conditions of the
item of equipment under consideration should be reviewed to determine which mobility
requirements relate directly to the equipment. The tests specified herein may be supplemented
to meet the requirements of the individual item of equipment. These tests are considered
minimal and should not be reduced in scope. This is considered a performance specification
with limited design parameters.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:

2.1 The following documents, of the issue in effect on date of invitation for bids or request for proposal,
form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein:

SPECIFICATIONS

Federal

O-A-548 Antifreeze, Ethylene Glycol, Inhibited

TT-C-520 Coating Compound, Bituminous, Solvent Type, Underbody (for Motor Vehicles)
VV-B-680 Brake Fluid, Automotive
VV-F-800 Fuel Oil, Diesel
VV-G-76 Gasoline, Automotive
ZZ-I-550 Inner Tube, Pneumatic Tire
ZZ-T-381 Tires, Pneumatic, Vehicular (Highway)
ZZ-T-391 Tire, Solid Rubber, and Wheels, Solid Rubber Tire, (Industrial)
ZZ-T-410 Tire, Pneumatic, Industrial
ZZ-T-1083 Tires, Pneumatic, Low Speed, Off Highway

Military

MIL-P-514 Plates, Identification, Instruction and Marking, Blank

MIL-L-2104 Lubricating Oil, Internal-Combustion Engine, Tactical Service
MIL-F-3541 Fittings, Lubrication
MIL-H-3992 Hose and Hose Assembly, Rubber: Air and Vacuum Brake, Automotive
MIL-C-4751 Casters, Rigid and Swivel, Precision Heavy Duty, and Shock Absorbing
MIL-H-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft, Missile, and Ordnance
MIL-C-7474 Casters, Industrial
MIL-W-8005 Wheels and Hubs, for Industrial Pneumatic Tires
MIL-L-10324 Lubricating Oil, Gear, Sub-Zero
MIL-G-10924 Grease, Automotive and Artillery
MIL-T-12459 Tire, Pneumatic; For Military Ground Vehicles

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SAE AS8090

2.1 (Continued):

STANDARDS

Military

MIL-STD-1223 Administrative Wheeled Vehicles Treatment, Painting, Rustproofing, Undercoating,

Identification Marking, Data Plates and Warranty Notice Standards
MIL-STD-1472 Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systems, Equipment and Facilities
MS24374 Casters, Rigid and Swivel, Precision, Spring Mounted
MS24380 Casters, Industrial
MS27149 Casters, Rigid and Swivel, Precision, Heavy Duty
MS27281 Casters, Rigid and Swivel, Precision, Spring Mounted, Pneumatic Tired
MS35387 Reflector, Indicating, Clearance
MS35423 Light, Marker, Clearance - Service
MS35746 Coupling, Automotive - Air Brake Lines
MS51117 Pintle Assembly, Towing - 100,000 Lbs. Capacity, Manual Release
MS51118 Pintle Assembly, Towing - 40,000 Lbs. Capacity, Manual Release
MS51335 Pintle Assembly, Towing - 18,000 Lbs. Capacity, Manual Release
MS51336 Lunette - Coupler, Drawbar, Ring
MS52105 Fifth Wheel Assembly - 33 Inch Universal, Truck-Tractor, 25,000 Lbs. Capacity
MS53034 Fifth Wheel Assembly - 36 Inch Universal, Truck-Tractor, 45,000 Lbs. Capacity
MS53036 Kingpin, Fifth Wheel, 2 Inch
MS53037 Kingpin, Fifth Wheel, 3-1/2 Inch
MS53044 Wheel, Pneumatic Tire-Disk Type with Ring for Tactical Wheeled Vehicles

DRAWING

Ordnance Corps

C7387807 Wheel Assembly, Disc Type, 16 x 4.50 “OE”, 5 Hole, 5-1/2 Dia. Bolt Circle, 3-3/8
Dish

(Copies of specifications, Standards, drawings, and publications required by suppliers in connection

with specific procurement functions should be obtained from the procuring activity or as directed by
the contracting officer.)

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SAE AS8090

2.2 Other publications:

The following documents form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless
otherwise indicated, the issue in effect on date of invitation for bids or request for proposal shall
apply.

Department of Transportation

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations

393.14 Lamps and Reflectors, Large Semitrailers and Full Trailers

393.15 Lamps and Reflectors, Small Semitrailers and Full Trailers
393.26 Requirements for Reflectors
393.40 Adequacy of Brakes
393.41 Parking Brakes
393.42 Brakes Required on All Wheels
393.43 Breakaway and Emergency Braking
393.45 Brake Tubing and Hose, Adequacy
393.50 Reservoirs Required
393.52 Brake Performance

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration, Washington, D.C. 20591.)

Society of Automotive Engineers

SAE Standards and Recommended Practices

J133 Kingpin Performance

J555 Truck, Truck Tractor, Trailer and Motor Coach Wiring
J559 Seven Conductor Jacketed Cable for Truck and Trailer Connections
J560 Seven Conductor Electrical Connector for Truck Trailer Jumper Cable
J585 Tail Lamps (Rear Position Light)
J586 Stop Lamps
J588 Turn Signal Lamps
J592 Clearance, Side Marker, Identification, and Parking Lamps
J667 Brake Test Code, Inertia Dynamometer
J682 Rear Wheel Splash and Stone Throw Protection
J695 Turning Ability and Off-Tracking
J697 Safety Chain of Full Trailers or Converter Dollies
J700 Fifth Wheel Kingpin
J702 Brake and Electrical Connection Locations
J848 Fifth Wheel Kingpin - Heavy Duty

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SAE AS8090

2.2 (Continued):

J849 Connection and Accessory Locations for Towing Doubles Trailers and Multi-Axle Trailers
J875 Trailer Axle Alignment

(Application for copies should be addressed to SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA
15096-0001.)

The Tire and Rim Association, Incorporated

Year Book

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Tire and Rim Association, Incorporated,
Command Building, 34 North Hawkins Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44313.)

US Army Test & Evaluation Command

AD-719084 TECOM Material Test Procedures

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Defense Documentation Center, Cameron
Station, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.)

State of California

Vehicle Code of California

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Department of Motor Vehicles, 2570 24th Street,
Sacramento, California 95809.)

3. REQUIREMENTS:

3.1 General:

This specification covers the required mobility for, and standard components to be used in, the
design of towed or manually-propelled aerospace ground equipment. When self-propulsion means
are required by the individual equipment specification, it shall be in addition to the requirements of
this specification. Self-propulsion capability shall not interfere with the mobility features for towing.
The mobility features shall be classified as shown in table I.

3.1.1 Individual equipment specifications: In the event the mobility requirements of this specification
conflict with the requirements of an individual equipment specification, the requirements of this
specification shall govern. Conflicting specifications and all deviations from these requirements
shall be referred to the responsible procuring activity of the Army, Navy, or the Air Force (see 6.5).

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SAE AS8090

TABLE I. Classification of Mobility Features

APPLICABLE
TYPE
GROUP
I Mobile on paved level surfaces (hangar and flight
line)

Class 1 -Manually propelled for short distances in A B C —

hangars, shops, and assembly buildings

Class 2 -Towable at slow speed in and around A B C —

hangars, shops, and assembly buildings

Class 3 -Manually propelled for shipboard A B C —

application
II Mobile on paved and unpaved level surfaces (entire A — C D
airfield, especially flight lines)
III Mobile on highways and generally level or A — C D
improved cross-country terrain within the
perimeter of the airbase or airfield
IV Mobile on snow and ice (type III for arctic airfield) A — C —
*V Mobile on highways and unimproved cross-country
terrain found outside the perimeter of the airbase
GROUPS
Group A - Two wheel running gear
**Group B - Three wheel running gear
Group C - Four wheel running gear
Group D - Semitrailers

*Type V mobility tests shall be run only at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, or
alternate recommended by TECOM (Test & Evaluation Command).
** Group B may be used only with the approval of the applicable government activity.

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SAE AS8090

3.2 Classification of requirements:

The requirements for mobility are classified as follows:

Item See Requirement

General design (applicable to all) 3.3
Additional requirements by types 3.4
Additional requirements by groups 3.5
Brakes 3.6
Bumper 3.7
Casters 3.8
Fenders 3.9
Landing gear 3.10
Lighting devices and wiring 3.11
Mudflaps 3.12
Pintle hook, rear 3.13
Reflectors 3.14
Safety chains 3.15
Tires and tubes 3.16
Towbars and lunette eyes 3.17
Wheels 3.18
Markings 3.19

3.3 General design (applicable to all types, classes, and groups):

The following requirements shall apply to all equipment within the scope of this specification.

3.3.1 Ease of operation, maintenance, and repair: The equipment shall be so constructed that normal
adjustments, repairs, and overhaul can be readily accomplished by operating personnel. The
equipment shall be constructed to provide for the use of conventional, general-purpose hand tools
for maintenance purposes.

[Link] Disturbance to other elements: The equipment shall be constructed to permit the replacement
and adjustment of components and accessories with minimum disturbance to and without
removal of other elements of the unit.

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SAE AS8090

[Link] Operating clearances: Maintenance provisions and operating features insuring operating
clearances for facilitating maintenance and servicing operations at extremely low temperatures
by operating personnel wearing heavy gloves or mittens and bulky clothing and footgear shall be
in accordance with MIL-STD-1472.

[Link] Intricate devices: Intricate locking devices, controls, and threaded fastenings that can be easily
overtorqued by operators shall not be used.

[Link] Quick-disconnect fastenings: Covers or access plates that must be removed for component
adjustments or for component or parts removal shall be equipped with durable quick-disconnect
fastenings or combinations of quick-disconnect fastenings and hinges.

3.3.2 Chassis frame: The chassis frame shall be designed and constructed to support the maximum
gross load and maintain chassis alignment under stated conditions of operation and transportability
without applying undue stress or load on equipment or stores. When the frame contains a floor,
the floor shall be so sloped that spilled liquids can be completely drained from an opening in a
central location, without dropping on other components.

[Link] Interference: The chassis frame of all towable ground equipment with running gear and mounted
equipments shall be so designed that there will be no interference between the equipment and
the towing vehicle under specified operating conditions.

[Link] Unit or integral frame: Unit or integral frame construction is permitted wherein all towing and
running gear will be mounted directly to the item of equipment without the necessity for a
separate chassis frame. Integral frame shall provide the required structural strength of any
applicable separate frame.

3.3.3 Running gear: Government and industry standard towed AGE components specified herein shall
be used. To facilitate logistics, preference shall be given use of government standard towed AGE
components. The equipment shall be so designed that it will not sway, skid, yaw, tilt, or jackknife
during towing and braking operations.

[Link] Axles: Axle ratings shall include sufficient safety factor to carry the load specified at the ground,
for the operating surface conditions, and for the speeds at which the axle is to be towed.

3.3.4 Towing force: The towing force required to move equipment from rest on a smooth, dry, level,
paved surface, such as brushed concrete or macadam, free of loose material shall not exceed
75 pounds per ton of maximum gross weight. The towing force shall be measured at the drawbar
and shall be considered as acting parallel to the operating surface of the vehicle.

3.3.5 Lubrication fittings: Lubrication fittings shall conform to MIL-F-3541 and shall be located in
accessible, protected positions. Extended fittings shall be provided to lubricate parts or
assemblies that are not readily accessible for direct lubrication or which are likely to be overlooked
because of inaccessibility. Pressure relief fittings shall be provided where the use of high pressure
lubricating equipment may cause damage.

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SAE AS8090

[Link] Lubrication chart: A lubrication chart shall be provided directing attention to all lubrication fittings
and shall specify the range and grade of lubricant required for critical temperatures. The chart
shall be permanently attached to the unit in an accessible and convenient location. The chart
shall be inscribed on a nonferrous plate conforming to MIL-P-514.

3.3.6 Lubricants and service products: All mobility features of towable equipment shall be designed for
servicing with the lubricants and service periods specified in table II.

TABLE II. Lubricants and Refill Chart

OPERATION PERIOD
TYPE REFILL AND SERVICE
(HRS. OPER.)
ITEM
MILITARY REFILL OR
SAE API CHECK CLEAN
SPECIFICATIONS REPLACE
Chassis lubrication Multi- NLGI MIL-G-10924 AR AR
purpose Grade 1
Engine crankcase oil 10
(See engine manual *20 MS
for ambient tempera- 30
ture recommendation) *40 MIL-L-2104
Gasoline D AR 100
Diesel (1% maximum 10 DM
sulphur in fuel) *20 MIL-L-2104
30
*40 DS
Shock absorbers MIL-H-5606
Hydraulic system MIL-H-5606 D 2000 2000
Powershift
Transmission 10W MS
Type C1 DM MIL-L-2104 D 1000
Type A Automatic transmission
Fluid type A - Suffix A
Differentials,
planetary huts,
steering gear box,
conventional
gear systems EP MIL-L-2105 200 AO 1000
Above 32°F 140
Below 32°F 90 MIL-L-10324
Hydraulic brake fluid 70 R3 VV-B-680 100 AO AR
Cooling system Ethylene glycol O-A-548
Below 32°F
D 1000 Seasonal
Above 32°F Water and 5% corrosion
inhibitor solution

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SAE AS8090

TABLE II. Lubricants and Refill Chart (Continued)

OPERATION PERIOD
TYPE REFILL AND SERVICE
(HRS. OPER.)
ITEM
MILITARY REFILL OR
SAE API CHECK CLEAN
SPECIFICATIONS REPLACE
Fuel system
(See engine manual Class A Above 50°F
for ambient tempera- VV-G-76 Class B Below 50°F
ture fuel recommenda-
tion)
Gasoline
D AO AR
Diesel VV-F-800 DF2 Regular grade
(1% max. sulphur
content)
DF1 Winter grade
(0.5% max. sulphur
content)

AR - As required * Base oils used to get a

AO - At overhaul viscosity of SAE 20, 40,
D - Daily (8-10 Hours) or 10W-30 are to be qualified
to MIL-L-2104

3.3.7 Dimensions and loading criteria: The following dimensional and loading criteria shall apply to all
towed vehicles that will be used on federal, state, and overseas roads. For the purpose of this
specification, combination weights and dimensions will be determined using a truck tractor that
would be used for hauling comparable trailers in industry. The tractor data shall be that available in
the tractor manufacturer’s commercial catalogs of current or revised issue made available to the
applicable government agency.

[Link] Dimensions: The dimensions shall be as follows

Height -132 inches maximum

Width -96 inches maximum (including all appurtenances). Fixtures and equipment permanently
attached to the trailer shall not extend more than 9 inches beyond the outside face of the tires or
skids on either side of the vehicle

Length -50 foot maximum for combination of trailer and truck tractor

[Link] Weight: The maximum gross combination weight, subject to the following axle loading
limitations, shall be 36,000 pounds when the furthest axle center-to-center spacing is less than
10 feet. For each 1-foot increase above 10 feet, the loading may be increased by 850 pounds up
to a maximum weight of 60,000 pounds. For the purpose of this specification, bogies having
axles spaced 42 inches or less center-to-center shall be considered as one axle.

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SAE AS8090

[Link].1 Axle loadings: The axle loading shall be 16,000 pounds maximum. Axle alignment shall be in
accordance with SAE J875.

3.3.8 Towing provisions: All equipment, except type I, class 1, and any group D, shall be designed for
towing, in train, four trailers of the same weight and sizes behind a prime mover. Group D
(semitrailers) shall be designed for towing not more than two in a train with applicable converter
dolly installed under the second semitrailer. Bulky stands, shelters, and similar wheeled equipment
items shall be designed for towing singly.

3.3.9 Ground clearance, ramp breakover, approach and departure angles: All equipment shall be
designed to enter (approach), negotiate (up or down), and leave (depart) a solid surface (i.e., one
piece) ramp having a slope of 20°. Ground clearance, angles of approach, ramp breakover, and
departure shall be selected accordingly. The length of the incline shall be not less than 1.2 times
the wheelbase of the equipment. Ground clearance shall be not less than that specified for a
particular type or class of mobility.

3.4 Additional requirements by types:

The following requirements shall apply to individual types of equipment as outlined in table III.
Towed vehicles shall comply with all Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards in effect on the date of
manufacture.

3.4.1 Special requirements by types:

[Link] Fording ability: When specified (see 6.5), the equipment shall be waterproofed and equipped for
fording hard-bottomed water crossings deep enough to submerge its running gear, and shall
withstand such submergence for at least 15 minutes in a salt water solution with a specific gravity
of 1.03 without damage and with no requirement for preparation or servicing before and after
fording operations.

[Link] Springs and shock absorbers: Equipment designed for type III mobility shall be equipped with
multi-leaf, compression coil, torsion bar, torsion coil, air, or equivalent, spring suspensions of
sufficient strength to sustain the total gross loads under stated conditions of operation without
evidence of overload or permanent set. Clearance between the springs and spring stops shall
be sufficient to prevent frequent bottoming. Shock absorbers, vibration-damping devices, or
design features shall be provided to meet specified shock and vibration transmission limits. The
degree of road shock mitigation may be determined to be critical for specific items of mounted
equipment. If so, the limits should be specified by the procuring activity.

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SAE AS8090

TABLE III. Additional Requirements By Types

TYPE I
PAVED-LEVEL SURFACE
ITEM REQUIREMENT (HANGAR)
GROUPS A-B-C
CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3
1 General design Paragraph 3.3
2 Roadability:

(a) Negotiate obstructions and 1 inch high 1 inch high 2 inches high
depressions or deep or deep or deep

(b) Towing power Manual GSE Tug Manual

(c) Height of towing pintle hook or 10-24 10-24 N/A

manual force (inches above ground
to center of opening)

(d) Height of fifth wheel when loaded N/A N/A N/A

(inches above ground)

(e) Towing speed (mph) 2-1/2 5 2-1/2

(f) Turning speed right or left at 2-1/2 5 2-1/2

maximum cramping angle (mph)

(g) Withstand sudden stops without 5 —

damage from (mph)

(h) Slope operation

Sides 8° 8° 15°
Longitudinal 20° 20° 15°
3 Ground Clearance (3.3.9), minimum, inches 2-1/2 6-1/2 3-1/2
4 Casters (if used), minimum size, inches Comply with 3.8
4 6 5
5 Tires and tubes, pneumatic: Comply with Comply with Comply with
3.16.1 3.16.1 3.16.1
Minimum size 3.50 x 6, 4.00 x 8, 3.50 x 6,
4 ply 6 ply 4 ply
acceptable
Solid rubber Not to be used
6 Wheels Comply with Comply with Comply with
3.18.1 3.18.1 3.18.1, 3.18.3
7 Brakes: Comply with 3.6.3

Parking Comply with Comply with Per equip spec

3.6.1 3.6.1
Service Comply with Per equip spec
3.6.2
8 Fenders None Per 3.9 None
9 Mudflaps None Per 3.12 None
10 Bumpers None Per 3.7 None
11 Special requirements None None Per equip spec

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SAE AS8090

TABLE III. Additional Requirements By Types (Cont’d)

TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V

PAVED AND IMPROVED HIGHWAY AND
HIGHWAY AND IMPROVED TYPE III PLUS
UNPAVED SURFACES UNIMPROVED
SURFACE AND CROSS- SNOW AND ICE
(ENTIRE LEVEL SURFACE AND
COUNTRY TERRAIN (ARCTIC AIRFIELD)
AIRFIELD) CROSS-COUNTRY
GROUPS A-C-D GROUPS A-C-D GROUPS A-C GROUPS A-C-D
Applicable to all types
All type III
requirements
GSE Tug Truck-tractor plus those
specified in
10-24 30-48 equipment speci-
fication

50 +1 -0 50 +1 -0 50 +1 -0

Paved highway- 20 Paved highway- 60 60

Graded gravel- 10 Graded gravel- 25 20
Belgian block- 8 Belgian block- 20 20
Cross-country terrain- 20 20

8 8 10

20 20 60

8° 11.5° Side slope 11.5° Side slope

20° Up and down 20° Up and down 20° Up and down

Compatible with
prime mover
8 14 (Under landing gear) 14
Comply with 3.8
20 Not to be used Not to be used
Comply with 3.16.1 Comply with 3.16.2
or 3.16.2
6.00 x 9, 6 ply 6.70 x 15, 4 ply See equipment
specification
Special application Not to be used
only, See 3.16.3
Comply with 3.18.1 Comply with 3.18.2 See equipment
or 3.18.2 specification
For solid rubber, 3.18.3
Comply with 3.6.1 Comply with 3.6.1 Se 3.6.1
All wheels
Comply with 3.6.2 Comply with 3.6.2 See 3.6.2
Special 3.6.2 and 3.6.3 All wheels
Per 3.9 Per 3.9 See 3.9
Per 3.12 Per 3.12 See 3.12
Per 3.7 Per 3.7 See 3.7
None (maybe brakes) Slope performance Slope performance
Par. [Link] Par. [Link]
Par. [Link] Par. [Link]

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SAE AS8090

3.5 Additional requirements by groups:

The following requirements shall apply to individual groups of aerospace ground equipment as
outlined in table IV.

3.5.1 Special requirements by groups:

[Link] Steering geometry, group C: Vehicles or towed equipment containing four-wheel running gear
shall be provided with a towbar and automotive knuckle-type steering assembly incorporating tie
rods having end joints of ball stud and ball socket type. The inside cramping angle shall be not
less than 40°. Total load imposed on the trailer shall be so distributed that 35 ±5 percent of the
total load is carried on the front axle. The towbar shall steer the wheels through suitable linkage.
The towbar and steering mechanism shall be so fabricated that additional turning force cannot be
applied to the towbar or the steering mechanism after the maximum cramping angle has been
reached. The front and rear tread width shall be equal. Caster, camber, toe-in, turning ability,
ball joints, ball studs, and tie-rod sockets shall conform to SAE J695 for the basic Ackerman
Principle of Automotive Steering.

[Link].1 Articulating wheel running gear: When required, group C trailer vehicles shall have a fully
articulating type front and rear wheel, balanced chassis frame suspension system, furnished
complete as an assembly with all running gear parts and components. This shall afford
coupling to the payload container so as to maintain relatively constant wheel loading and
ground contact over operating surfaces having as obstacles obstructions not less than a
minimum of one-half the wheel diameter used. It shall preclude rack and torque stresses from
being transmitted to the payload container. Stops shall be provided to prevent unnecessary
vertical wheel movement, and the running gear shall be so designed that the vehicle fully
equipped, loaded with gross rated payload equipment, and its front or rear wheels cramped at
any operating angle can negotiate such obstacles. Parts failure, interference or objectionable
distortion of the running gear articulating assembly or chassis frame shall not occur when
blocks 8 inches high are placed under any wheel or under any combination of two or more
wheels.

[Link] Group D: Semitrailers shall be provided with a landing gear and shall be so designed that there
will be no interference between the semitrailer and its towing vehicle when the two are coupled
and assume angles from 0 to 90° with the semitrailer longitudinal axis during operation. The
weight distribution shall be as specified in the equipment specification.

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SAE AS8090

TABLE IV. Additional Requirements By Groups

GROUP A GROUP B
ITEM REQUIREMENT RUNNING GEAR RUNNING GEAR
2-WHEEL 3-WHEEL
1 Towbar: Yes Yes
Type Rigid Optional design
2 Weight distribution (%): Equal distribution ±5%
on each wheel
Front wheels N/A
Rear or main wheels 85 +5-0
Lunette eye 15 +0-5
3 Landing gear (3.10) See 3.10 No
4 Wiring: NOTE: Normally not required for Groups A, B, and C items;
equipment specification.

Lighting Complete Complete

Turn signals Yes Yes
Voltage 12V 12V - Operate from 12V
prime mover
Intervehicle connector SAE - 7 Prong SAE - 7 Prong

Intervehicle cable

Rear lamps Combination tail stop - Both Combination tail stop - Both
sides at rear sides at rear
Spare bulbs
Clearance and marker lamps
Service type
5 Fifth wheel and kingpin
6 Brakes:
Service
Parking
7 Chassis
8 Bogie
9 Safety chains Yes Yes

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SAE AS8090

TABLE IV. Additional Requirements By Groups (Cont’d)

GROUP C GROUP D
RUNNING GEAR RUNNING GEAR
4-WHEEL SEMITRAILERS
Yes
Hinged - Special require-
ments
See equipment specification
35 ±5
65 ±5
No See 3.10
however, must be furnished as outlined when specified in

Complete Complete (circuit breakers)

Yes Yes
12V - Operate from 12V 12V - Operate from any
prime mover prime mover
SAE - 7 Prong- SAE - 7 Prong-
Front-Male Front-Male
Rear-Female Rear-Female. Covered
SAE-120-inch - To connect
with commercial truck
Combination tail stop - Both Combination tail stop - Both
sides sides
Complete set - 12V packaged
ICC required
One amber clearance, front
each side
One amber blackout, front
each side
One red clearance, rear
each side
Special requirements ([Link].1)
Special requirements ([Link].2)
Manual (3.6.1)
Special requirements ([Link].2.1.5)
Special requirements ([Link].2.2.2)
Yes

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SAE AS8090

[Link].1 Upper fifth-wheel assembly (including kingpin): The upper fifth wheel shall be of such size as
to completely cover the lower fifth wheel when the lower fifth wheel is coupled to the kingpin of
the upper fifth wheel and turned at any angle with the semitrailer. The upper fifth-wheel
assembly shall be constructed as follows:

a. Skid plate - carbon steel

b. Channel support plate - carbon steel
c. Channels - carbon steel
d. Bolts - alloy steel

[Link].1.1 Fifth-wheel loading: The design loading for the fifth-wheel assembly shall not exceed
24,000 pounds for semitrailers used on state highways on an unrestricted basis. In extreme
cases where missiles or other heavy loads are transported, the maximum load on the upper
fifth wheel shall not exceed 45,000 pounds. The lower fifth wheel shall conform to MS53034.

[Link].1.1.1 Upper fifth-wheel plate: The upper fifth-wheel plate shall be not less than 3/8 inch thick. It
shall be reinforced on the upper surface through use of commercial angle iron, channels,
and ribs and shall include an access hole to permit servicing the brake connections and
coupling sockets. The upper fifth-wheel plate shall be compatible with the Ordnance lower
fifth wheel shown on MS52105.

[Link].[Link] Pickup plate: A pickup plate compatible with the size and weight of the applicable
semitrailer shall be provided as an extension of the upper fifth-wheel plate. It shall extend
sufficiently forward to protect the equipment item from damage when coupling to and
uncoupling from a truck tractor. The pickup plate shall be the same width as the fifth
wheel.

[Link].1.2 Kingpin: The fifth-wheel kingpin for each semitrailer shall be as shown on MS53036 and the
applicable SAE standard. The kingpin shall be welded in place. Kingpin for the
45,000-pound lower fifth wheel (MS53034) shall conform to MS53037-1. The kingpin
performance shall conform to SAE J133. Angular location of the kingpin shall be in
accordance with SAE J700 and J848. Soft ride and other special kingpin installations shall
be as specified in the individual equipment specification.

[Link].1.2.1 Kingpin horizontal location: The horizontal location of the kingpin shall be limited by the
following criteria as illustrated in the current issue of SAE handbooks.

a. Swing radius - 56-1/2 inches maximum measured from the centerline of the kingpin to
the furthest corner of the vehicle

b. Landing wheel clearance - 90 inches minimum measured 6 inches below the kingpin
rearward to the leading edge of any obstruction.

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SAE AS8090

[Link].1.2.2 Kingpin vertical location: The vertical location of the fifth-wheel kingpin shall be such that
the distance from the ground to the underside of the upper fifth-wheel plate is 50 +1 -0 inch
when the semitrailer is level and fully loaded.

[Link].1.3 Safety latch: The fifth wheel shall be equipped with a safety latch that will prevent the trailer
from dropping should the kingpin become disengaged or fail to latch during transit. The
safety latch shall incorporate a mechanism to prevent the releasing of the safety latch until
the landing gear is completely lowered.

[Link].1.4 Pads: Ringed pads that pivot about the landing wheel axles shall be provided for use on soft
terrain. A means shall be provided for holding the pads in the retracted position. Maximum
ground pressure for pads shall be not more than 30 psi.

[Link].2 Service brakes: Semitrailers shall be provided with service brakes of the internal-expanding,
two-shoe, wedge type, cam-action, air-actuated type controllable from the driver’s seat of the
towing tractor. The system shall be complete in accordance with Motor Carrier Safety
Regulations, including emergency breakaway features, air filters, air reservoir, slack adjusters,
relay emergency valves, and air hose connectors fitted with dummy couplings. Installation
shall be in accordance with the brake manufacturer’s recommendations.

[Link].2.1 Brake performance: The service brake system shall be so designed, constructed, and
installed that the brakes of the semitrailer will apply in synchronism with the tractor brakes,
and the rearmost axle of the train will develop braking power at the fastest rate.

[Link].2.1.1 Hose couplings: Semitrailer airbrake hose couplings shall be rigidly mounted in protected
locations at the front and rear of the semitrailer. The couplings shall be as specified on
MS35746. Dummy caps shall be provided for all couplings, and shall be securely fastened
to the semitrailer frame to prevent loss.

[Link].2.1.2 Brake lining: Brake lining shall be of the molded, heavy duty type conforming to Motor
Carrier Safety Regulations.

[Link].2.1.3 Emergency devices: The airbrake system shall provide for control of the semitrailer by
application of the service brakes on the prime mover. Emergency devices shall be provided
and so arranged that a brake application will occur in the event of undue loss of air
pressure or a breakaway of the trailer from the prime mover. The emergency system shall
conform to the requirements of the California Vehicle Code, section 26508, and when
provided shall also serve as a parking brake. This item shall conform to Motor Carrier
Safety Regulation 393.41.

[Link].2.1.4 Braking ability: When fully loaded and coupled to the specified prime mover, the semitrailer
shall be capable of stopping within 30 feet from a speed of 20 mph on dry, smooth, level
pavement free of loose material.

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SAE AS8090

[Link].2.1.5 Chassis: The chassis, or equivalent, including subframe shall be of rugged construction
and of the lightest weight practicable consistent with the sturdiness required for the
intended service.

[Link].[Link] Frame: The chassis frame shall be constructed to support the maximum gross loads,
and shall maintain necessary chassis alignment and stability under the most severe
operating conditions.

[Link].[Link] Side members: Side members shall be of proper section and of sufficient strength for the
intended service conditions. Each side member shall withstand severe cross-country
operation and brake application. Where necessary, local reinforcements shall be
provided to support frame channel flanges at points of concentrated loads.

[Link].[Link] Cross members: Cross members shall be properly spaced to minimize intervening
spans. They shall be so designed and installed as not to interfere with ready removal and
installation of trailer components, or with necessary component adjustment.

[Link].2.2 Bogie: When required (see 6.4), a four-wheel rear bogie of the fully articulated, balanced-
spring-suspension type designed to prevent wheel (axle) hop, instantaneous axle overload,
and spring windup shall be furnished complete with stops, axles, springs, torque rods, and
other necessary parts. Stops shall be provided to prevent unnecessary vertical movement.
Lateral float shall not exceed 1/4 inch on either bogie axle. The bogie shall be so designed
that the fully loaded and fully equipped vehicle will not incur part failure, interference, or
objectionable distortion of the chassis frame or bogie assembly when blocks 8 inches high
are placed under any wheel or under any combination of two or more wheels.

[Link].2.2.1 Obstructions: The bogie shall be so designed that with the vehicle fully equipped and
loaded with rated cross-country payload, part failure, interference or objectionable
distortion of the bogie assembly (or chassis frame) will not occur when blocks 8 inches high
are placed under any wheel or under any combination of two or more wheels.

3.6 Brakes:

3.6.1 Parking brakes: The parking brakes shall be either the automotive type with internal expanding
shoe, proper backing plates, and drum, or the automotive disc type. The brakes shall be easily
and quickly applied by means of a single manual control (hand lever) not exceeding 18 inches in
length from the pivot point that will simultaneously operate all brakes to lock the wheels against
rotation. Brake actuation forces shall not exceed 200 pound inches. When service brakes are
provided, the parking brakes may be either entirely separate from the service brakes or
mechanically connected through an independent mechanism. The number of brakes required
shall be based on an analysis of the maximum gross load, speed, center of gravity, rolling radius,
operating surface friction, and the performance requirements of the equipment specification.

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SAE AS8090

[Link] Parking brake performance: The parking brakes shall lock the wheels so that the wheels will
skid and not roll on dry, level, brushed concrete free of loose material when the vehicle, with
maximum gross load, is subjected to a towing force sufficient to move it. The vibrations and
shocks encountered on the applicable operating surfaces shall not cause the brakes to engage.
Moving force shall be applied in both the forward and reverse directions. The parking brakes
shall hold the vehicle, with maximum gross load, whether headed up or down a 11.5° incline.

[Link] Parking brake protection: The braking surfaces shall be adequately protected against the entry
of grease, grit, slush, rain, or mud that may be encountered during operation.

3.6.2 Service brakes: Air, air-over-hydraulic, or inertia-actuated mechanical- or hydraulic-type service

brakes shall be provided on all wheels. The service brakes shall safely control the loaded vehicle
under any operating condition. This applies to operation in forward and reverse directions when
being loaded or unloaded from aircraft. When the actuation medium is not specified in the
equipment specification, inertia-actuation means shall be provided for types I and II equipments.

[Link] Service brake performance: Under all conditions of loading, the service brakes shall hold the
vehicle motionless and control it whether headed up or down a 11.5° incline, and shall stop the
vehicle from a speed of 20 mph in not more than 30 feet from the point at which initiation of the
brake actuating force begins. Deceleration and stopping distance shall be demonstrated on a
dry, hard, approximately level road surface free from loose material. Inertia-actuated service
brakes shall be designed to permit backing with not more than a 1-second delay after application
of backing force.

[Link] Service brake protection: The braking surfaces shall be adequately protected against the entry
of grease, grit, slush, rain, or mud that may be encountered during operation.

[Link].1 Stopping device: An automatic means of stopping towed items of equipment shall be provided
to prevent uncontrolled run-away in case of separation from the towing vehicle or any other
towing means such as a hoist line, cable line, or chain. The stopping device shall be capable of
automatic actuation during normal as well as emergency operation. The release of any holding
device or mechanism shall be accomplished as a part of the normal towing operation. Neither
auxiliary manual releases, manual triggering devices, nor auxiliary towing eyes shall be used to
facilitate this operation. The stopping device shall be capable of safely stopping any towed
equipment item when separation from the towing vehicle, cable, or chain occurs on inclined
planes up to 20° in elevation.

[Link] Air brake receptacles: Two trailer brake receptacles conforming to MS35746 shall be mounted
on the front of the equipment. Two receptacles shall be mounted on the rear of the equipment
and located in accordance with SAE J702 and SAE J849.

[Link] Master cylinder: The master cylinder shall be of the compensating type with a self-controlled
fluid reservoir.

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SAE AS8090

[Link] Brake drums: The brake drums shall be demountable without disturbing wheel bearings. They
shall have flanges or ribbing that will prevent objectionable distortion when the brake is applied.
Preferably, brake drums shall include a window, equipped with a dust-tight cover of a design that
will prevent ready loss of parts, to facilitate inspection of brakes. Brake drums and backing
plates, or dust shields, shall provide labyrinth design to exclude dust, mud, snow, and other
foreign material to the maximum practicable extent.

[Link] Brake lines: The brake lines shall be securely anchored to the chassis and sufficiently protected
from damage. Fittings on lines shall be SAE standard types. When used, air hose shall conform
to MIL-H-3992. Brake lines shall be readily detachable at the axle ends. A metal protective loom
shall be provided at each point where lines pass through metal members, except where a
through-frame connector is provided. Pressures in lines shall not exceed those recommended
by the brake manufacturer. Arrangements for removing air (bleeding) from hydraulic lines shall
be provided and shall be readily operable without requiring special tools or equipment.

[Link] Additional Department of Transportation requirements: The service brakes shall also meet any
additional requirements imposed by Motor Carrier Safety Regulations 393.40, 393.42, 393.43,
393.45 through 393.50 and as specified herein. The provisions of 393.42 shall apply except the
trailer weight shall be assumed not to exceed 1,500 pounds when determining if service brakes
are to be installed.

3.6.3 Deadman braking: When specified in the equipment specification, deadman braking shall be
furnished to render the vehicle immobile either in the absence or incapacitation of the operator or
towbar disconnect on manually moved or self-propelled trailers.

3.7 Bumper:

A heavy-duty bumper shall be provided at the rear of the assembly for protection against damage
when backing and in case the equipment is pushed from the rear to assist in traversing unimproved
roads. The bumper shall withstand the forces imposed during pushing of the complete assembly by
another vehicle without damage to lights or other components when operating under the worst
conditions applicable to the specific type of mobility.

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SAE AS8090

3.8 Casters:

Casters shall conform to the following standards. Sizes and types shall be in accordance with the
requirements of the individual equipment specification for weight and service.

TYPE APPLICABLE APPLICABLE

CASTER STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS
Industrial MS24380 MIL-C-7474
Heavy-duty prevision MS27149 MIL-C-4751
Shock-mounted precision MS24374 MIL-C-4751
Pneumatic-tired precision MS27281 MIL-C-4751

3.9 Fenders:

Fenders shall be of rugged construction and shall be capable of supporting an evenly distributed
250-pound load. The fenders shall be of adequate dimensions to prevent water, mud, and slush
from being thrown on the chassis or equipment by the tires. The underside of the fenders and
adjacent parts subject to being sprayed with mud and slush from the wheels shall be given a heavy
application of high grade vehicle undercoating material conforming to TT-C-520. Undercoating shall
be applied in accordance with MIL-STD-1223.

3.10 Landing gear:

All landing gears shall hold the equipment in the level position when parked, either empty or loaded
to maximum gross load. It shall be fully retractable when the equipment is attached to the towing
vehicle. In the retracted position, it shall provide the minimum ground clearance for the applicable
type, class, or group of mobility. Landing gear shall provide vertical adjustment of not less than
±4 inches from the level position.

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SAE AS8090

3.10.1 Landing gear for group A items: The landing gear for group A equipment shall be selected and
designed according to the maximum gross weight as follows:

a. Equipment weighing less than 250 pounds - A retractable leg with skid base configuration will
be acceptable.

b. Equipment weighing 250 to 1,500 pounds - A retractable, solid, rubber-tired caster will be
acceptable on items weighing less than 1,500 pounds. The landing gear shall not be required
to support the equipment in any position other than the level position. A crossbar or handles
shall be provided for readily aligning the lunette eye of such items with the pintle of the towing
vehicle.

c. Equipment weighing more than 1,500 pounds - A sealed bearing, retractable, full-swiveling,
adjustable, acme screw-type landing gear equipped with a hand wheel for actuation shall be
provided. Not less than 8 inches in adjustment from level position, 4 inches up and 4 inches
down measured at the horizontal centerline of the lunette, shall be provided to facilitate
coupling to the towing medium. A pneumatic-tired caster shall be provided for pneumatic-tired
items weighing over 1,500 pounds. Pneumatic-tired wheels shall be mounted on a cantilever
spindle and hub to facilitate tire replacement. Single or dual wheels will be acceptable.

3.10.2 Landing gear for group D items: Group D items shall be provided with a two-wheel landing gear of
the two-speed, vertical-screw type capable of supporting the front of the fully loaded semitrailer
when not coupled to the towing vehicle. The landing gear shall be secured to the semitrailer with
locknuts and shall be easily removable. The landing gear shall have a static rating capable of
accommodating the gross weight and adjustable to permit coupling and uncoupling of the
semitrailer from truck tractors having unloaded fifth-wheel heights ranging from 46 to 56 inches.

[Link] Actuation: The landing gear shall be manually operable by means of a crank conveniently
located at the curbside and streetside and shall be capable of simultaneous or individual
operation. The raising and lowering mechanism shall include a power ratio sufficient for ease of
manual operation. Not more than 30 pounds of force on a 12-inch crank handle shall be required
for raising and lowering the landing gear.

[Link] Ground clearance: The landing gear with wheels shall be installed on the semitrailer to provide a
minimum 14-inch ground clearance when the gear is retracted. When low-bed semitrailers are
provided, ground clearance shall be not less than 8 inches.

[Link] Lubrication: Adequate means for lubrication of the landing gear shall be incorporated.

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SAE AS8090

3.11 Lighting devices and wiring:

3.11.1 Lighting devices and wiring, general application: All lighting devices and wiring shall be designed
for operation from a 12V power supply (see 6.2). All wiring shall conform to the general and trailer
sections of SAE J555. Lighting devices shall conform to the following specifications:

Clearance And Sidemarker Lamps

Amber MS35423-1
Red MS35423-2
Identification SAE J592
Stop lamps SAE J586
Tail lamps SAE J585
Turn signals SAE J588, class A

3.11.2 Vehicles less than 80 inches wide: Items less than 80 inches wide shall contain the lighting
devices, and in the location as required by Motor Carrier Safety Regulation 393.15.

3.11.3 Vehicles 80 inches or more wide: Items 80 inches or more in overall width shall contain the
lighting devices, and in the locations as required by Motor Carrier Safety Regulation 393.14.

3.11.4 Intervehicle connector receptacle, front: A male receptacle conforming to SAE J560 shall be
provided on the front surface and located in accordance with SAE J702 or J560. The receptacle
shall have a spring-loaded cover.

3.11.5 Intervehicle connector receptacle, rear: A female receptacle conforming to SAE J560 shall be
provided on the rear and located in accordance with SAE J849. The receptacle shall have a
spring-loaded cover.

3.11.6 Intervehicle connection cable: The intervehicle connection cable shall consist of a cable
conforming to SAE J559 with plugs conforming to SAE J560 attached to each end. One plug shall
be female (socket) and the other plug shall be male (pin). The total length of the assembled
intervehicle cable shall be 120 ±1 inch.

3.12 Mudflaps:

Mudflaps shall be provided on the rear fenders and shall conform to SAE J682.

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SAE AS8090

3.13 Pintle hook, rear:

Equipment shall be fitted with one of the following pintle hooks mounted on the rear in accordance
with SAE J849:

MS51117 100,000 pounds capacity

MS51118 40,000 pounds capacity
MS51335 18,000 pounds capacity.

3.14 Reflectors:

Reflectors shall be as follows, mounted in accordance with Motor Carrier Safety Regulation 393.26.

Red MS35387-1
Amber MS35387-2.

3.14.1 Reflectors for small equipment: Small equipment (typically type I, class 1) shall be equipped with
reflectors mounted as follows:

a. One red reflector to be mounted on the rear

b. One amber reflector on each side and one amber reflector on the front.

3.14.2 Vehicles less than 80 inches wide: Vehicles less than 80 inches wide shall be equipped with
reflectors as follows:

a. On the front, two amber reflectors, one at each side

b. On each side, one amber reflector at or near the front and one red reflector at or near the rear
c. On the rear, two red reflectors, one on each side.

3.14.3 Vehicles 80 inches or more wide: Vehicles 80 inches or more in width shall be equipped with
reflectors in accordance with Motor Carrier Safety Regulation 393.14.

3.15 Safety chains:

Equipment designed for mechanical towing shall be provided with safety chains in accordance with
SAE J697, except two chains shall be used.

3.16 Tires and tubes:

3.16.1 Industrial pneumatic tires and tubes: Industrial pneumatic tires and tubes shall conform to
ZZ-T-410 and limited to the sizes and ply ratings specified in MIL-W-8005. Loads, speeds, and
applications shall be as specified in MIL-W-8005.

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SAE AS8090

3.16.2 Transport-type pneumatic tires and tubes: Transport-type pneumatic tires and tubes shall conform
to ZZ-I-550, ZZ-T-381, ZZ-T-1083, or MIL-T-12459, as applicable. In addition, the tires and tubes
shall conform to the Tire and Rim Association Yearbook and Military supplement thereto. Tires and
tubes shall be of the sizes and ply ratings specified in table V.

TABLE V. Military and Commercial Transport-Type Tires

HIGHWAY
SEE PLY INFLATION LOAD MAXIMUM TYPE OF
TIRE SIZE TREAD1
NOTE RATING PRESSURE CAPACITY SPEED SERVICE4
(PSI) 2 (LBS)3 (MPH)2
6.70-15 5 4 Hwy 26 1115 Highway
7.10-15 5 4 Hwy 26 1195 Highway
7.60-15 5 4 Hwy 26 1310 Highway
7.50-15 5 10 Hwy 80 3310 20 Special
8.25-15 5 14 Hwy 100 4450 20 Special
9.00-15 5 12 Hwy 80 4680 20 Special
10.00-15 5 14 Hwy 85 5480 20 Special
11.00-15 6 16 Hwy 5065 50 Special
6.50-16 5 6 Hwy 45 1420 Highway
7.00-16 6 6 NDCC 45 1580 50 Highway
20 985 Off-road
9.00-16 5 8 Hwy 50 2640 Highway
9.00-16 5 10 NDMS 50 2420 50 Highway
25 1760 Off-road
7.50-20 5 8 Hwy 60 2620 50 Highway
NDMS 65 2740 Special
8.25-20 5 10 Hwy 65 3180 Highway
75 4550 20 Special
9.00-20 5 10 Hwy 70 3960 50 Highway
9.00-20 6 8 NDCC 50 3240 50 Highway
10.00-20 6 14 NDCC 25 5210 Off-road
10.00-20 5 12 Hwy 75 5150 Highway
11.00-20 5 14 Hwy 75 5730 Highway
11.00-20 6 12 NDCC 75 5150 Highway
35 3300 Off-road

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SAE AS8090

TABLE V. Military and Commercial Transport-Type Tires (Continued)

HIGHWAY
SEE PLY INFLATION LOAD MAXIMUM TYPE OF
TIRE SIZE TREAD1
NOTE RATING PRESSURE CAPACITY SPEED SERVICE4
2 3 2
(PSI) (LBS) (MPH)
12.00-20 5 14 Hwy 80 6020 Highway
12.00-20 6 14 NDMS 80 6020 50 Highway
12.50-20 6 12 NDCC 35 5330 Off-road
14.00-20 6 20 NDCC 50 9030 50 Highway
14.00-24 6 20 NDMS 90 10050 50 Highway
16.00-25 6 24 NDCC 60 11820 50 Highway
18.00-25 6 28 NDCC 70 18100 30 Highway
14.75-20 12 NDCC 50 6330 50 Off-road

1 Treads: Hwy - Highway; NDCC - Non-directional cross-country; NDMS - Non-directional mud and snow.
2
Inflation pressure, load capacity, and maximum speed based on Tire and Rim Association recommendations. Where this
information and subsequent information published by the Tire and Rim Association differ, the latter shall apply.
3
For variation of load ratings with inflation pressure, see TRA Yearbook and Military Supplement. Maximum values are
specified.
4 Type of Service: Highway - Improved surfaces; Special - Low-bed trailer and transporters on improved surfaces; Off-road -
Off-road surfaces, speed determined by the situation.
5 ZZ-I-550, ZZ-T-381, ZZ-T-1083, or TRA Yearbook, as applicable.
6
ZZ-I-550, MIL-T-12459, or military supplement to TRA Yearbook as applicable.

[Link] Wide base tires: Wide base tires may be used when vehicle performance requires high flotation,
low silhouette, commercial tires.

3.16.3 Solid rubber tires: The use of solid rubber tires shall be limited to equipment where no standard
pneumatic tire can be used because of adverse combination of low silhouette, clearance, and load
capacity. When used, solid rubber tires shall be of the pressed-on, or high-profile cushion type with
nonskid tread conforming to ZZ-T-391. The sizes and load capacities shall be as specified in table
VI. Application of such tires to Air Force equipment requires prior approval of the Aerospace
Ground Equipment Engineering Division. The provisions of this section are not applicable to solid
tired, wheeled casters that are otherwise covered by Government specifications.

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SAE AS8090

TABLE VI. Size and Load Capacity for Cushioned,

Pressed-On Type Tires-Maximum Speed 10 MPH
SIZE* LOAD CAPACITY (LBS)
10-1/2 by 5 by 5 1,730
13 by 4-1/2 by 8 1.770
16-1/4 by 5 by 11-1/4 2,400
18 by 5 by 12-1/8 2,590
15-1/2 by 6 by 10 2,960
16-1/4 by 6 by 11-1/4 3,020
18 by 6 by 12-1/8 3,300
21 by 5 by 15 2,900
21 by 7 by 15 4,520
21 by 8 by 15 5,320

*(outer diameter) by (face width) by (inner diameter) in inches.

3.16.4 Semipneumatic tires: Semipneumatic tires shall not be furnished on equipment to which this
specification is applicable.

3.16.5 Inflation pressure: After a tire size has been selected, the required inflation pressure shall be
selected from the Tire and Rim Association data. Dual ratings, one for highway service at 50 mph
and one for off-road service, may be used. The inflation pressure of all tires shall be equal and
shall be that required for the most heavily loaded tire. (See table V for loads and inflation pressure
for various applications.)

3.17 Towbars and lunette eyes:

3.17.1 Hinged type towbars: A positive-type latch shall be provided to hold the towbar in the up (vertical)
position at any cramping angle position of the front wheels. The towbar also shall have a stop in
the up position to prevent contact with the equipment item. When required by the equipment
specification, the parking brakes shall be actuated by placing the towbar in the up position.

[Link] Towbar material: Towbars shall be fabricated from material of sufficient strength to resist
permanent deformation under all types of operation specified herein.

3.17.2 Lunette eye: The towbars shall have a lunette eye conforming to MS51336. Lightweight, hollow
lunette eyes conforming to envelope dimensions of MS51336 may be used on all type I and type II
flight line trailers.

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SAE AS8090

3.18 Wheels:

All main wheels of an equipment item shall be of the same size. Where a particular towing vehicle or
prime mover is specified, the wheels and tires of both vehicles shall be interchangeable. Auxiliary
retractable wheels shall be exempt from this requirement.

3.18.1 Wheels and hubs for industrial pneumatic tires: Wheels and hubs for industrial pneumatic tires
shall conform to MIL-W-8005.

3.18.2 Wheels for transport-type tires: Wheels for transport-type tires shall conform to table VII.

TABLE VII. Defense Department Standardized Wheels1

STUD DISH APPROXIMATE

NOMINAL RIM3 ORDNANCE4
TIRE APPLI-2 NO. OF CIRCLE OR WEIGHT
DIAMETER AND WHEEL
SIZE CATION STUDS DIAMETER OFFSET (COMPLETE)
RIM CONTOUR (TRA) DWG. NO. (INCHES) (INCHES) (LBS)
6.70-15 S 15x5 K CS 5
7.10-15 S 15x5 K CS 5
7.60-15 S 15x5-1/2 K CS 5
7.50-15 S&D 15x6.0 CS 6
8.25-15 S&D 15x6.5 CS 6
9.00-15 S&D 15x7.5 Military MS53044-1 6 8-3/4 6-1/8 65.5
10.00-15 S&D 15x7.5 Military MS53044-1 6 8-3/4 6-1/8 65.5
11.00-15 S 15x7.5 Military MS53044-1 6 8-3/4 6-1/8 65.5
6.50-16 S 16x4.50E ODC C7387807 5 5-1/2 3/8 19.5
7.00-16 S 16x4.50E OHC C7387807 5 5-1/2 3/8 19.5
9.00-16 S 16x6.50M SDC MS53044-2 5 6-7/8 4 43.2
9.00-16 D 16x6.50H SDC MS53044-3 5 6-7/8 5-7/8 47.2
7.50-20 S&D 20x6.0 CS 6
8.25-20 S&D 20x6.5 CS 6
9.00-20 S 20x7.5 Military MS53044-5 6 8-3/4 6-3/16 87.7
10.00-20 S 20x7.5 Military MS53044-4 6 8-3/4 5-1/8 87.7
11.00-20 S 20x7.5 Military MS53044-4 6 8-3/4 5-1/8 87.7
9.00-20 D 20x7.5 Military MS53044-5 6 8-3/4 6-3/16 84.5
10.00-20 D 20x7.5 Military MS53044-6 10 11-1/4 6-1/8 88.5
11.00-20 D 20x7.5 Military MS53044-6 10 11-1/4 6-3/4 88.5
12.00-20 S&D 20x7.5 Military MS53044-7 10 11-1/4 7-1/8 91.0
14.75-20 S 20x10.0 Military MS53044-8 10 11-1/4 7-1/8 138.1
14.00-20 D 20x10.0 Military MS53044-8 10 11-1/4 8-7/8 139.2
14.00-24 S 24x10.0 Military MS53044-9 10 13.189 8-7/8 179.0
16.00-25 S 25x11.25 Comm EM Comm EM 12 15 9.95 388.6

1
These wheels are to be used for mounting the tires specified in table V.
2 S - Single; D - Dual
3
Contour: ODC - Optional drop center
OHC - Optional hump contour
EM - Earthmoving
4
CS: Commercial standard, demountable, disc-type wheels to be used pending availability of military standard wheels. The use of
standard wheels and applicable tires is preferred.

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SAE AS8090

3.18.3 Wheels for solid tires: Wheels for solid tires shall be industry standard and commercially available.
Wheels shall have ball or roller bearings, grease seals, and dust caps, and shall be removable for
wheel replacement.

3.19 Markings:

In addition to the marking required by the individual equipment specification, the following markings
shall be provided.

3.19.1 Transportation data plate: A transportation data plate in accordance with MIL-P-514 shall be
securely attached adjacent to the nameplate. The transportation data plate shall include the
following:

TRANSPORTATION DATA PLATE

Shipping weight Overall width

Shipping cubage Overall height
Overall length CG location

T.O. or T.M. Number

3.19.2 Allowable towing speed marking: Each item of equipment shall have the maximum allowable
towing speed permanently and legibly marked in a conspicuous location.

3.19.3 Tire inflation pressure: The inflation pressure of the tires shall be plainly marked on the equipment
as near to each tire as practicable.

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS:

4.1 Responsibility for inspection:

Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the supplier is responsible for the
performance of all inspection requirements as specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in the
contract or order, the supplier may use his own or any other facilities suitable for the performance of
the inspection requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by the Government. The
Government reserves the right to perform any of the inspections set forth in the specification where
such inspections are deemed necessary to assure supplies and services conform to prescribed
requirements.

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SAE AS8090

4.2 Acceptance tests:

Mobility acceptance tests shall be performed on developmental test items, preproduction test items,
qualification test items, or sampling test items as provided for in the equipment specification.

4.3 Test loads, observations, and rejection:

4.3.1 Test loads: During the tests specified herein, items of equipment designed to transport aircraft
components or other loads shall be loaded with the specified load or a load that simulates fragility
as well as the weight and center-of-gravity location of the specified load.

4.3.2 Test observations: Each equipment item shall be closely observed for the following performance
characteristics during subjection to each test specified herein:

a. Trackability
b. Ease of handling
c. Backup ability, except mobilizers or vehicles using Ackerman type steering system
d. Tendency to yaw, sway, and skid
e. Tendency to dogwalk on high-crowned roads
f. Tendency to tilt, turnover, or jackknife
g. Ground clearance
h. Interference between equipment item and towing vehicle
i. Contact of wheels with ground.

4.3.3 Rejection: The following shall be considered as causes for rejection:

a. Undesirable roadability features

b. Instability
c. Damage, distortion, or excessive wear resulting from any test
d. Contact of any part of the equipment, except the wheels, with the ground or ramps during
normal operation
e. Interference between the equipment and its towing vehicle during normal operation.

4.4 Tests applicable to all types of mobility:

4.4.1 General examination: The equipment, drawings, or other data defining the equipment shall be
examined to determine compliance with the standard component, tire or caster size, clearance,
and other design requirements specified herein. Any deviation from these requirements not
specifically permitted by the equipment specification shall be cause for rejection.

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SAE AS8090

4.4.2 Servicing and maintenance: All normal preventive maintenance and servicing operations specified
in the handbook shall be performed to determine their adequacy, ease of accomplishment, and the
accessibility of parts and assemblies for performances of same. Insofar as practicable, these tests
shall be conducted as part of the normal preventive maintenance, servicing, and inspections
performed in accomplishing the testing specified herein. Interferences or obstructions to servicing
or preventive maintenance shall be recorded in detail on the test data sheets and referred to the
engineering office of the procuring activity for disposition. At least one complete disassembly of
the trailer shall be accomplished to determine adequacy of overhaul methods. Removal of one
major component in order to remove another shall be cause for rejection.

4.4.3 Weight distribution: Weight distribution shall be measured, and shall be in accordance with 3.4 or
3.5 as applicable. Equipment designed to transport aircraft components or other loads shall be
loaded with the actual load or a simulation thereof for this test. Simulation shall duplicate fragility
as well as weight and center-of-gravity of the actual load. Payload shall be loaded in reference to
the center-of-gravity of the vehicle.

4.5 Tests applicable to specific types of mobility:

4.5.1 All types of mobility shall be tested as outlined in table VIII and as further defined herein.

4.5.2 Axle hop: Observations shall be made during brake tests to assure that no axle hop is evident
during brake tests. Not less than five observations shall be made with the vehicle fully loaded and
not less than five observations made with vehicle empty or partially loaded as stated in the
equipment specification.

4.5.3 Instantaneous axle overload: The vehicle shall be instrumented with automatic recording-type
strain gages or accelerometers to record loads and assure that the axle design load rating is not
exceeded during brake and road tests. Axle design load rating shall be supplied by the vehicle
manufacturer and shall be a certified rating obtained from the axle manufacturer and furnished to
the engineering office of the procuring activity.

4.5.4 Spring overload (windup): The vehicle shall be instrumented with automatic, recording-type strain
gages to record stresses and assure that the springs are not overloaded during brake and road
tests due to windup or normal spring action. Design load capacity of springs shall be furnished by
the vehicle manufacturer and shall be a certified copy of rating furnished by the spring
manufacturer.

4.5.5 Fording ability: Equipment designed for fording shall be operated through a salt water solution with
a specific gravity of 1.03 (see [Link]) deep enough to submerge its running gear. The equipment
shall remain in the water for 15 minutes. There shall be no failure or impending failure of any part
of the vehicle.

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TABLE VIII. Tests

TYPE I
TYPE OF MOBILITY AND TESTS CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3
A-B-C
General examination Paragraph 4.4 applicable to all types
Roadability tests:
Test course and condition 1 inch high at alternate 5 to 6-foot 2 inches high
intervals perpendicular to direction perpendicular to
of travel direction of
travel

Obstructions 1-5/8 dia cable

at 45° to direc-
tion of travel

Motive power Manual Vehicle towed Same as type I,

(Pushed or pulled) class 1

Pintle height, towing vehicle N/A 10-30 inch Same as type I,

class 1

Surface Paved-level, concrete or asphalt Same as type I,

class 1

Loading Maximum gross Same as type I,

load class 1

Distance (miles) 2 5 1/3

Speed, average, maximum (mph) 2-1/2 - 3 5 - 7-1/2 2-1/2 - 3

Turns at maximum cramping angle:

Right and left 25 each 50 each Same as type I,
class 1

Turning speed (mph) 2-1/2 5

Ramp test Yes Yes Yes

Ground clearance (minimum) 2-1/2 inches 6-1/2 inches 3-1/2 inches

Towing force:
Maximum required from rest: 50 pounds per ton 50 pounds per Per equip spec
of weight ton of weight

Surface Dry, level concrete Dry, level Same as type I,

concrete class 1

Loading Maximum gross Maximum gross Same as type I,

loading loading class 1

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TABLE VIII. Tests (Cont’d)

TYPE II TYPE III AND TYPE IV TYPE V
A-C-D A-C-D A-C A-C-D
Aberdeen Proving Ground Aberdeen Proving Ground
Aberdeen, Maryland Aberdeen, Maryland

Vehicle or truck-tractor Vehicle or truck-tractor towed Vehicle or truck-tractor towed

towed

10-30 inch (kingpin 30-48 inch (kingpin height - 30-48 inch (kingpin
height - 50 +1 -0) 50 +1 -0) height - 50 +1 -0)

Level Graded Test course Level Graded Cross- Belgian Snow

paved gravel for type I paved gravel country block and
high- road high- road terrain ice
way way

2 cycles maximum gross 3 cycles maximum gross load and one 3 cycles maximum load
load and empty cycle empty 2 cycles half load
1 cycle empty
As specified in equipment specification
(type IV only)

600 100 50 See 4.5.11 See 4.5.12

Belgian block - 100

20-25 10-12-1/2 10-12-1/2 See 4.5.11 See 4.5.12

Belgian block - 8-10

50 each 50 each 50 each

8 8 10

Yes Yes Yes

8 inches 14 inches 14 inches

50 pounds per ton 50 pounds per ton of weight 50 pounds per ton
of weight of weight

Dry, level concrete Dry, level concrete Dry, level concrete

Maximum gross loading Maximum gross loading Maximum gross loading

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TABLE VIII. Tests (Cont’d)

TYPE I
CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3
A-B-C
Brake tests: Yes ([Link]) Yes (4.5.13)

Number of sudden stops 25

From speed of (mph) 5

Wheel/axle hop: Same as type I,

class 1
Number of observations
during brake tests

Axle overload (instrumented during Same as type I,

roadability and brake tests) class 1
Spring overload (windup)
(instrumented during roadability
and brake tests)

Slope performance: Yes (4.5.14)

Side slopes operate 8° 8° —

Longitudinal slopes operate 20° 20° —

Ground contact pressure (maximum)
(Measured in sled configuration)
Weight distribution - Group A:
Front wheels N/A N/A N/A
Rear of main wheels 85 +5 -0 85 +5 -0 100

Lunette eye 15 +0 -5 15 +0 -5 N/A

Weight distribution - Group B:

Front wheels Equal Equal Same as type I,
distribution distribution class 1
Rear or main wheels ±5 percent on ±5 percent on
each wheel each wheel

Weight distribution - Group C:

Front wheels 35 ±5 percent 35 ±5 percent Equal distribution
Rear wheels 65 ±5 percent 65 ±5 percent ±5% on each wheel

Weight distribution - Group D: See equipment See equipment N/A

specification specification

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SAE AS8090

TABLE VIII. Tests (Cont’d)

TYPE II TYPE III AND TYPE IV TYPE V
A-C-D A-C-D A-C A-C-D
Yes [Link], [Link], 4.5.8 Yes [Link], Additional for Emergency Yes. Jennerstown
Additional for group B only. [Link] group D only. breakaway Brake tests
Emergency breakaway 4.5.8 (4.5.9) U.S. Army Test &
(4.5.9) Spd 20 Evaluation Command
Materiel Test
25 50 Procedure 2-2-608

20 20

5 with vehicle fully loaded

5 with vehicle empty. No evidence of axle
or wheel hop allowed

See special tests (4.5.3 and 4.5.4) See 4.5.2, 4.5.3, 4.5.4

See special tests (4.5.3 and 4.5.4) See 4.5.5 and 4.5.6

8° Up to 11.5° 11.5°

20° Up and down 20° 20°

Type IV only. Gross loaded weight
3 psi (maximum) ground contact area

N/A N/A See equipment

85 +5 -0 85 +5 -0 specification

15 +0 -5 15 +0 -5

Equal distribution Equal distribution See equipment

specification

±5 percent on ±5 percent on each wheel

each wheel

35 ±5 percent 35 ±5 percent See equipment

65 ±5 percent 65 ±5 percent specification

See equipment See equipment specification See equipment

specification specification

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4.5.6 Flexibility: Equipment containing bogies shall be subjected to this test. An 8-inch block shall be
placed under any wheel, or under any combination of two or more wheels, with the equipment
loaded at rated cross-country payload and wheels cramped at any angle. There shall be no failure,
interference, or permanent distortion as a result of this test.

4.5.7 Braking: On items of equipment provided with brakes, the following tests shall apply, as
applicable.

[Link] Parking brake: The parking brake shall be applied and the vehicle with rated cross-country load
applied shall be subjected to a towing force sufficient to move the vehicle. The wheels containing
the parking brakes shall skid and not roll.

[Link] Service brakes: With the vehicle loaded to gross vehicle weight, the service brakes of the
vehicle shall operate smoothly and apply uniform braking action during the braking tests. For
type II mobility, the line pressure shall be established to provide a deceleration rate of 15 fps at a
speed of 20 mph. Ten successive stops shall be made at 1-minute intervals with 12 seconds
allowed for application time. The brakes shall be allowed to cool for 5 minutes and the above
tests repeated. All stops shall comply with Motor Carrier Safety Regulation 393.52 stopping
distance requirements with no evidence of excessive lining wear and brake drum wear, no brake
chatter, grabbing, overheating, or squeal. Tests shall be conducted at an ambient temperature
between 65° and 85°F. SAE recommended dynamometer brake tests may be substituted for the
above tests. For type III mobility, the brakes shall be subjected to and successfully pass the SAE
J667 dynamometer brake test code.

4.5.8 Sudden stops: The vehicle shall be driven or coupled to a prime mover and towed over a clean,
dry, smooth, level concrete or macadam surface. Using a time distance recorder, the vehicle shall
be brought to a complete stop from the speed and within the distance specified after brake
application.

4.5.9 Emergency breakaway (group D only): The vehicle shall be towed at a speed of 20 mph on a
clean, dry, smooth and level, concrete surface free of loose material. A minimum of three
breakaways shall be simulated while being towed at this speed by suddenly disconnecting both
airbrake hoses from the tractor or similar means. The emergency braking system shall function in
accordance with current Motor Carrier Safety Regulations.

4.5.10 Ramp test: A physical test or design layout shall be made to determine the ability of the equipment
to negotiate 20° inclines. The equipment shall be moved up to, over, and down a ramp inclined 20°
to the horizontal. The bottom and top of the ramp shall end in horizontal landings which form a
sharply defined 20° angle with the ramp. The length of the ramp, measured along the slope, shall
be not less than 1.2 times the wheelbase of the vehicle being tested.

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4.5.11 Roadability tests for type III and type IV mobility:

Average Speed Maximum Speed Distance

Surface (MPH) (MPH) (Miles)
Hard surface highways 40 50 600
(Perryman straightaway course)

Gravel roads 8 15 100

(Munson gravel road course)

Cross-country 8 15 100
(Perryman truck cross-country
course)
(Secondary road “A”)

Cross-country 8 15 100
(Perryman gun mount course)
(Secondary road “B”)

Belgian block 8 15 100

(Munson belgian block course)

The trailer shall be checked for misalignment, malfunction, and damage throughout the test.
(See [Link] through [Link] for definitions of highway, gravel road, cross-country, and belgian
block and [Link] for definition of test courses.)

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4.5.12 Roadability tests for type V mobility:

Maximum Speed Average Speed Distance

Surface/Test Course (MPH) (MPH) (Miles)
Highways - paved roads 60 50 600
(Perryman straightaway)

Gravel roads 20 10 100

(Munson gravel road course)

Cross-country (unimproved) 20 10 100

(Perryman cross-country (truck))
(Secondary road “A”)

Cross-country 20 10 100
(Perryman gun mount)
(Secondary road “B”)

Belgian block 20 10 100

(Munson belgian block)

Coarse washboard 5 laps

(6-inch waves; 72 inches apart)

Radial washboard 5 laps

2- to 4-inch waves

Two-inch washboard 5 laps

4.5.13 Shipboard equipment brake test: With the equipment fully loaded, the brakes shall hold the fully
loaded equipment motionless on a 15° slope at any axis relative to the equipment. The brakes
shall bring the fully loaded equipment to a full stop on a dry, level, brushed finish concrete surface
within the distance required by the equipment specification.

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4.5.14 Shipboard equipment slope performance test: The fully loaded equipment, with booms, arms or
extensions in a lowered position, shall be tested as follows:

a. Place the fully loaded unit on a tilt-table platform with the longitudinal axis parallel to the edge
of the tilt-platform

b. Slowly raise one edge of the platform until it makes an angle of 15° to the horizontal. Observe
results and lower the platform to the horizontal

c. Turn the equipment 15° about its vertical axis and repeat step b

d. Repeat step c until 24 observations at 15° increments have been made

There shall be no evidence of upsetting, brakes not holding, equipment sliding on the platform, or
load sliding relative to equipment.

5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY:

5.1 Preservation, packaging, packing, and marking:

The equipment shall be prepared for delivery as specified in the equipment specification.

6. NOTES:

6.1 Intended use:

This specification covers the mobility required for the standard running gear and related components
used in the design of military vehicles used for ground support of aircraft and missiles, in order to
insure the equipment will be available at the point of use on time and in working condition
(see 6.2.1).

6.2 Definitions:

6.2.1 Mobility types and classes:

[Link] Type I mobility on improved level surfaces: Equipment having type I mobility is nonself-propelled
equipment that is used on relatively smooth concrete or asphalt hangar floors. This mobility type
is subdivided as follows:

[Link].1 Type I, class 1 (manually-propelled equipment): Equipment having type I, class 1 mobility is
equipment that is not designed for towing; that is used in or near hangars, repair shops, or
assembly buildings; and must be transported by another vehicle when points of use are
separated by a considerable distance, unpaved surfaces, or snow-covered areas.

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[Link].2 Type I, class 2 (equipment towed at slow speeds): Equipment having type I, class 2 mobility is
equipment that is used on paved surfaces, is normally towed by a powered vehicle on its own
wheels from one point of use to another, but cannot be moved off improved surfaces or over
snow-covered terrain on its own wheels.

[Link].3 Type I, class 3 (manually-propelled shipboard equipment): Equipment having type I, class 3
mobility is equipment that is not designed for towing; that is used for shipboard application; and
is manually-propelled.

[Link] Type II (mobility over partially improved terrain): Equipment having type II mobility is equipment
that is frequently moved about an entire airfield, and also over unpaved roads to revetments and
dispersal areas.

[Link] Type III (mobility over highways and improved cross-country terrain): Equipment having type III
mobility is equipment that is frequently moved over highways and must be completely roadable
and capable of negotiating cross-country terrain.

[Link] Type IV (mobility over snow and ice): Equipment having type IV mobility is equipment that is
used at snow and ice-covered airfields and adjacent areas, in addition to operating under the
other conditions of type III or II mobility specified.

[Link] Type V: Equipment having type V mobility is equipment that is towed over highways and
unimproved cross-country terrain.

[Link] Examples of types and classes: Examples of equipment meeting various types and classes of
mobility are as follows:

a. Type I, class 1 mobility - Hangar and shop equipment such as rectifier sets, small welding
sets, vacuum cleaners, jacks, and lubricators

b. Type I, class 2 mobility - Equipment such as hoists, loading ramps and stairs, engine buildup
trailers, and bomblift trailers

c. Type I, class 3 mobility - Equipment such as liquid oxygen and nitrogen servicing carts,
rectifiers, lubricators, small hoists, and test stands

d. Type II mobility - Equipment such as hydraulic test stands, engine and airframe component
transportation trailers, air compressors, utility trailers, ground power plants, and nonroadable
missile carriages

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[Link] (Continued):

e. Type III mobility - Support equipment of such size or other characteristics that it is more
adapted to highway towing on its own wheels for long-distance movement than to
transportation via another vehicle or is required to be moved frequently within forward combat
zones, such as mobile field repair shops, gas generating plants, large electric generating
equipment, missile launchers, and trailers and semitrailers used to transport equipment
having type I or II mobility

f. Type IV mobility - Equipment such as cold-weather heating units, engine or airframe cover
transportation trailers, and mobile control towers which, in addition to its other mobility
requirements, must withstand towing or sledding over snow and ice

g. Type V mobility - Unimproved cross-country terrain found outside the airbase and rough
terrain found in forward airbases in combat zones.

6.2.2 Roads:

[Link] Highway: A highway is a road of smooth concrete or macadam usually designed to provide
maximum traction between the surface and rubber tires.

[Link] Gravel road: A gravel road is a level or rolling gravel trail.

[Link] Belgian-block course: A Belgian-block course consists of a very rough, wavy, hard surface
unaffected by changes in climatic conditions. The standard is found at Aberdeen Proving
Grounds, Maryland.

[Link] Cross-country terrain: Cross-country terrain consists of unimproved open fields, broken ground,
loose sand or gravel road encountered by tactical vehicles supporting an army in the field.

[Link] Test courses: Road types specified in [Link] through [Link] refer to those provided on the
Aberdeen Proving Ground Test Course, Aberdeen, Maryland. The above roads are descriptive
in nature and apply to a test course considered standard. Alternate test courses, such as those
located at the U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground or approved contractor facilities, may be utilized.
Approval of an alternate test course must be obtained from the Department of the Army, the
Navy, or the Air Force (see 6.5).

6.3 Three-wheel running gear:

Three-wheel running gear should not be used on equipment subject to movement over two-track
roads or two-piece ramps. Three-wheel running gear should be restricted to use on large hoists,
tripod jacks, and sound suppressors.

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6.3.1 Group B items should not include group A two-wheel mobility with a landing wheel which is used
for manual maneuvering, if the group A two-wheel item is normally towed using only the two
wheels.

6.4 Items for equipment specification:

The following items should be noted in the preparation of equipment specifications for a specific
equipment item:

a. Type, group, and class of mobility (see table I)

b. If lubrication fittings are not required (see 3.3.5)
c. If other than specified performance products are required (see 3.3.6)
d. Reduced or increased approach and departure angles (see 3.3.9)
e. If other steering is required on group C items (see [Link])
f. If other towbar is required on group C items (see [Link])
g. Weight distribution of semitrailers (group D) (see [Link])
h. Any special braking requirements for group D (see [Link])
i. Thickness of upper fifth wheel plate if other than 3/8 inch (see [Link].1.1.1)
j. When a pickup plate is required on group D items (see [Link].[Link])
k. When a safety latch is required (see [Link].1.3)
l. If bogie is required (see [Link].2.2)
m. Sizes and types of casters required (see 3.8)
n. When a bumper is required (see 3.7)
o. When fenders are required (see 3.9)
p. Military tactical vehicles require 24V dc power supply for lighting devices (see 3.11.1)
q. When lighting receptacles are to be mounted on the rear of the equipment (see 3.11.5)
r. When mudflaps are required (see 3.12)
s. If red and amber reflectors are not required (see 3.14)
t. When safety chains are not required (see 3.15)
u. Provisions for use of solid-rubber tires on type II mobility (see 3.16.3)
v. Dual tire inflation pressure ratings (see 3.16.5)
w. If parking brakes are not required (see table III)
x. When service brakes are required for type I, class 1 mobility (see tables III and VIII).

6.5 Point of contact:

For Air Force, the point of contact is the Aeronautical Systems Division, Attn: ASD/ENCMM, Wright-
Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433.

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6.6 International standardization agreement:

Certain provisions of 3.17.2 of this specification are the subject of international standardization
agreement ABC Standard 11/8. When amendment, revision, or cancellation of this specification is
proposed which affects or violates the international agreement concerned, the preparing activity will
take appropriate reconciliation action through international standardization channels including
departmental standardization offices, if required.

PREPARED BY SAE COMMITTEE AGE-2, AIR CARGO & AIRCRAFT

GROUND EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS

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INDEX

Acceptance tests ....................................................................................................4.2

Actuation.................................................................................................................[Link]
Air brake receptacle................................................................................................[Link]
Additional Department of Transportation requirements ..........................................[Link]
Additional requirements by group ...........................................................................3.5, table IV
Additional requirements by types............................................................................3.4, table III
Allowable towing speed marking ............................................................................3.19.2
Applicability .............................................................................................................1.1.1
Applicable documents.............................................................................................2.1
Articulating wheel running gear ..............................................................................[Link].1
Axle hop..................................................................................................................4.5.2
Axle loadings ..........................................................................................................[Link].1
Axle overload ..........................................................................................................Table VIII
Axles .......................................................................................................................[Link]

Belgian-block course ..............................................................................................[Link]

Bogie.......................................................................................................................Table IV, [Link].2.2
Brake drums ...........................................................................................................[Link]
Brake lines ..............................................................................................................[Link]
Brake lining .............................................................................................................[Link].2.1.2
Brake performance .................................................................................................[Link].2.1
Brake tests
Type I, class 2 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII, [Link]
Type I, class 3 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII, 4.5.13
Type II mobility ..................................................................................................Table VIII, [Link],
[Link], 4.5.8
Type III mobility .................................................................................................Table VIII, [Link],
[Link], 4.5.8
Type IV mobility ................................................................................................Table VIII, 4.5.9
Type V mobility .................................................................................................Table VIII
Brakes.....................................................................................................................Tables III & IV, 3.6
Braking....................................................................................................................4.5.7
Braking ability .........................................................................................................[Link].2.1.4
Bumper ...................................................................................................................Table III, 3.7

Casters ...................................................................................................................Table IV, 3.8

Chassis ...................................................................................................................Table IV, [Link].2.1.5
Chassis frame .........................................................................................................3.3.2
Classification of requirements.................................................................................3.2
Classification of mobility features ...........................................................................Table I
Cross members ......................................................................................................[Link].[Link]
Cross-country terrain ..............................................................................................[Link]

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Deadman braking ...................................................................................................3.6.3

Defense Department standardized wheels .............................................................Table VII
Definitions ...............................................................................................................6.2
Dimensions .............................................................................................................[Link]
Dimensions and loading criteria..............................................................................3.3.7
Disturbance to other elements ................................................................................[Link]

Ease of operation, maintenance, and repair...........................................................3.3.1

Emergency brakeaway (group D only) ...................................................................Table VIII, 4.5.9
Emergency devices ................................................................................................[Link].2.1.3
Examples of types and classes ..............................................................................[Link]

Fenders...................................................................................................................Table III, 3.9

Fifth wheel and kingpin ...........................................................................................Table IV
Fifth-wheel loading..................................................................................................[Link].1.1
Flexibility .................................................................................................................4.5.6
Fording ability .........................................................................................................[Link], 4.5.5
Frame .....................................................................................................................[Link].[Link]

General ...................................................................................................................3.1
General application .................................................................................................[Link]
General design .......................................................................................................3.3, table III
General examination...............................................................................................4.4.1
Gravel road .............................................................................................................[Link]
Ground clearance ...................................................................................................Table III, [Link]
Type I, class 1 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII
Type I, class 2 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII
Type I, class 3 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII
Type II mobility ..................................................................................................Table VIII
Type III mobility .................................................................................................Table VIII
Type V mobility .................................................................................................Table VIII
Ground clearance, ramp breakover, approach and
departure angles...............................................................................................3.3.9
Ground contact pressure (type IV)..........................................................................Table VIII
Group D ..................................................................................................................[Link]

Hinged type towbar .................................................................................................3.17.1

Highway ..................................................................................................................[Link]
Hose couplings .......................................................................................................[Link].2.1.1

Individual equipment specifications ........................................................................3.1.1

Industrial pneumatic tires and tubes .......................................................................3.16.1
Inflation pressure ....................................................................................................3.16.5
Instantaneous axle overload ...................................................................................4.5.3
Intended use ...........................................................................................................6.1
Interference.............................................................................................................[Link]
International standardization agreement ................................................................6.6

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SAE AS8090

Intervehicle connector receptacle, front..................................................................3.11.4

Intervehicle connector receptacle, rear...................................................................3.11.5
Intervehicle connection cable .................................................................................3.11.6
Intricate devices......................................................................................................[Link]
Items for equipment specification ...........................................................................6.4

Kingpin ....................................................................................................................[Link].1.2
Kingpin horizontal location ......................................................................................[Link].1.2.1
Kingpin vertical location ..........................................................................................[Link].1.2.2

Landing gear...........................................................................................................Table IV, 3.10

Landing gear for group A items ..............................................................................3.10.1
Landing gear for group D items ..............................................................................3.10.2
Lighting devices and wiring.....................................................................................3.11
Lighting devices and wiring, general application ....................................................3.11.1
Lubrication ..............................................................................................................[Link]
Lubrication chart .....................................................................................................[Link]
Lubrication fittings...................................................................................................3.3.5
Lubricants and refill chart........................................................................................Table II
Lubricants and service products .............................................................................3.3.6
Lunette eye .............................................................................................................3.17.2

Markings .................................................................................................................3.19
Master cylinder .......................................................................................................[Link]
Military and commercial transport-type tires ...........................................................Table V
Mobility types and classes ......................................................................................6.2.1
Type I mobility on improved level surfaces .......................................................[Link]
Type I, class 1...................................................................................................[Link].1
Type I, class 2...................................................................................................[Link].2
Type I, class 3...................................................................................................[Link].3
Type II ...............................................................................................................[Link]
Type III ..............................................................................................................[Link]
Type IV..............................................................................................................[Link]
Type V...............................................................................................................[Link]
Mudflaps .................................................................................................................Table III, 3.12

Obstructions............................................................................................................[Link].2.2.1
Operating clearances..............................................................................................[Link]
Other publications...................................................................................................2.2

Pads........................................................................................................................[Link].1.4
Parking brakes........................................................................................................3.6.1, [Link],
tables III & VIII
Parking brake performance ....................................................................................[Link]
Parking brake protection.........................................................................................[Link]
Pickup plate ............................................................................................................[Link].[Link]
Pintle hook, rear......................................................................................................3.13

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SAE AS8090

Point of contact .......................................................................................................6.5

Preservation, packaging, packing, and marking .....................................................5.1

Quick-disconnect fastenings ...................................................................................[Link]

Ramp test ...............................................................................................................Table VIII, 4.5.10

Reflectors................................................................................................................3.14
Reflectors for small equipment ...............................................................................3.14.1
Rejection.................................................................................................................4.3.3
Responsibility for inspection ...................................................................................4.1
Roadability requirements ........................................................................................Table III
Roadability tests
Type I, class 1 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII
Type I, class 2 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII
Type I, class 3 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII
Type II mobility ..................................................................................................Table VIII
Type III mobility .................................................................................................Table VIII
Type IV mobility ................................................................................................Table VIII
Type V mobility .................................................................................................Table VIII
Roadability tests for type III and type IV mobility ....................................................4.5.11
Roadability tests for type V mobility ........................................................................4.5.12
Roads .....................................................................................................................6.2.2
Running gear ..........................................................................................................3.3.3

Safety chains ..........................................................................................................Table IV, 3.15

Safety latch .............................................................................................................[Link].1.3
Scope......................................................................................................................1.1
Semipneumatic tires ...............................................................................................3.16.4
Service brakes ........................................................................................................[Link].2, 3.6.2,
[Link], tables III & VIII
Service brake performance.....................................................................................[Link]
Service brake protection .........................................................................................[Link]
Servicing and maintenance ....................................................................................4.4.2
Shipboard equipment brake test.............................................................................4.5.13
Shipboard equipment slope performance test ........................................................4.5.14
Side members.........................................................................................................[Link].[Link]
Size and load capacity for cushioned, pressed-on type tires..................................Table VI
Slope performance .................................................................................................Tables III & VIII
Solid rubber tires.....................................................................................................3.16.3
Special requirements ..............................................................................................Table III
Special requirements by groups .............................................................................3.5.1
Special requirements by types................................................................................3.4.1
Spring and shock absorbers ...................................................................................[Link]
Spring overload (windup) (type III)..........................................................................Table VIII, 4.5.4
Steering geometry, group C ....................................................................................[Link]
Stopping devices ....................................................................................................[Link].1
Sudden stops..........................................................................................................Table VIII, 4.5.8

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SAE AS8090

Taillamps.................................................................................................................Table IV
Test courses............................................................................................................[Link]
Test loads................................................................................................................4.3.1
Test loads, observations, and rejections .................................................................4.3
Test observations....................................................................................................4.3.2
Tests applicable to all types of mobility...................................................................4.4
Tests applicable to specific types of mobility ..........................................................4.5
Three-wheel running gear.......................................................................................6.3
Tire inflation pressure .............................................................................................3.19.3
Tires and tubes .......................................................................................................Table III, 3.16
Towbar ....................................................................................................................Table IV
Towbar material ......................................................................................................[Link]
Towbars and lunette eyes .......................................................................................3.17
Towing force............................................................................................................3.3.4, table VIII
Towing provisions ...................................................................................................3.3.8
Transportation data plate ........................................................................................3.19.1
Transport-type pneumatic tires and tubes ..............................................................Table III, 3.16.2
Types of mobility and tests
Type I, class 1 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII
Type I, class 2 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII
Type I, class 3 mobility......................................................................................Table VIII
Type II mobility ..................................................................................................Table VIII
Type III mobility .................................................................................................Table VIII
Type IV mobility ................................................................................................Table VIII
Type V mobility .................................................................................................Table VIII

Unit or integral frame ..............................................................................................[Link]

Upper fifth-wheel assembly ....................................................................................[Link].1
Upper fifth-wheel plate............................................................................................[Link].1.1.1

Vehicles less than 80 inches wide ..........................................................................3.11.2, 3.14.2

Vehicles 80 inches or more wide ............................................................................3.11.3, 3.14.3

Weight.....................................................................................................................[Link]
Weight distribution ..................................................................................................4.4.3
Weight distribution, groups A, B, C, and D .............................................................Tables IV & VIII
Wheel axle hop .......................................................................................................Table VIII
Wheels ....................................................................................................................Table III, 3.18
Wheels and hubs for industrial pneumatic tires ......................................................3.18.1
Wheels for transport-type tires................................................................................3.18.2
Wheels for solid tires ..............................................................................................3.18.3
Wide base tires .......................................................................................................[Link]
Wiring provisions, groups A, B, C, and D ...............................................................Table IV

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