ACADEMIC GRAMMAR: CHANGING SPEECH_C8

Narration or Speech (উক্তি) দুই প্রকার হয় । নিচের sentences (বাক্যগুলো) ভালোভাবে লক্ষ্য করোঃ

 The team leader said, “We are busy with our work.” Direct
 The team leader said that they were busy with their work. Indirect/Reported

Narrative Style- এর পরিবর্ত নের সময় নিচের words or phrases পরিবর্ত ন হয়।
Direct Speech Indirect Speech Direct Speech Indirect Speech
this that these those
today that day tomorrow the next day/ the following day
last night/week the previous night/ yesterday the previous day/the day before
/month/year week/month/year
it it now then
thus so here there
hence thence must had to
Sir politely/respectfully/with sorry apologize
respect
come go/arrive নিজে কাছে আসা বু ঝালে, তখন come অপরিবর্তি ত থাকে।
 Changing narrative style based on tense
Direct Speech Tense Indirect Speech Tense
Present Simple Past Simple
My cousins said, “We want to visit Mujibnagar.” My cousins said that they wanted to visit Mujibnagar.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Ahnaf said, “I am writing to Rumon.” Ahnaf said that he was writing to Rumon.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
They said, “We have achieved our goal.” They said that they had achieved their goal.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
My father said, “You have been improving since My father said that I had been improving since my last
your last exam.” exam.
Past Simple Past Perfect
The police officer said, “We looked into the matter.” The police officer said that they had looked into the
matter.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
My father said, “You are improving gradually.” My father said that I had been improving gradually.
Future Simple Past Form of Future Auxiliary Verb
Aysha said, “I shall win the first prize.” Aysha said that she would win the first prize.
Past perfect/past perfect continuous Past perfect/prefect continuous
 Changing narrative style based on sentence
Statement or Assertive Sentence (বিবৃ তিমূ লক বাক্য)
D: My parents said, “We shall visit my parents tomorrow.”
InD: My parents said that they would visit their parents the next day.

D: Tina said, “I may attend her friend marriage ceremony.”

InD: Tina said that she might attend her friend’s marriage ceremony.
 Modal verb
can=could, may = might, shall/will = would would/should/ might/could/ ought to =
remain same

Note: reporting verb object- বিহীন said, indirect speech said অপরিবর্তি ত থাকে, BUT reporting verb এর object থাকলে,
indirect speech এ told হবে।
D: Ahnaf said, “I am sleeping.”
InD: Ahnaf said that he was sleeping.

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 ACADEMIC GRAMMAR: CHANGING SPEECH_C8

D: He said to me, “I can ride my bicycle.”

InD: He told me that he could ride his bicycle.

 Interrogative Sentence ( প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য)

Interrogative sentence- এর reported speech-এ reporting verb ‘ask’ বা ‘enquire of’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
D: My uncle said to me, “How are you?”
InD: My uncle asked me how I was. Direct speech এ ‘WH’ question – who, which, how,
when etc. থাকলে ‘WH’ question word টি indirect
speech থাকবে। Direct speech এ ‘WH’ question না
D: I said to my uncle, “Do you know Fatema?”
InD: I asked my uncle if he knew Fatema. থাকলে, indirect speech- এ ‘if/whether’ বসবে।

Direct Indirect
 Imperative Sentences ( অনু জ্ঞাবোধক বাক্য) আদেশ

বোঝালে ‘said to’ এর

order/command
D: The man said to me, “Please help me.” উপদেশ advise
অনু রোধ request

পরিবর্তে
InD: The man requested me to help him.
প্রস্তাব propose
দয়া Beg
D: Teacher said to us, “Do not run along the corridor.”
নিষেধ forbid
InD: Teacher advised us not to run along the corridor. কিছু না told
 Let us/let’s থাকলেঃ

নিচের যে কোনো একটি হবে Indirect

Direct
His friend said, His friend suggested him starting
“Let’s start the  suggest/propose+ gerund the game.
game.”  suggest/propose+ to infinitive His friend suggested him to start
 suggest/propose+ that clause (that + the game.

subject+ should…) His friend suggested him that they

should start the game.
 Let him/me/them ইত্যাদি থাকলে, tell/wish/beg/request/command/order/entreat…. might/might be
allowed to
D: My friend said, “Let me solve the problem.”
InD: My friend requested that he might be allowed to solve the problem.
D: The beggar said, “Let me have some money.”
InD: The beggar begged that he might have some money.
 Optative Sentence ( কামনা/বাসনা/পার্থনাসূ চক বাক্য) reporting verb ‘pray’ (পার্থনা) বা ‘wish’ (ইচ্ছা)+ that বসবে।
D: Grandfather said to me, “May you live long.”
InD: Grandfather prayed that I might live long.

 Exclamatory Sentence (বিষ্ময়সূ চক বাক্য) এ reported speech এর বিভিন্ন ভাব অনু যায়ীঃ exclaimed with +
sorrow/joy/regret/wonder/admiration+ that
Alas! = Sorrow Hurrah! = Joy
D: Uncle said, “Alas! She is dead.”
Bravo! = Admiration
InD: Uncle exclaimed with sorrow that she was dead.
Wow! = wonder
Passage Narration– এর কিছু নিয়ম

Passage আকারে narration– এর ক্ষেত্রে প্রথম বক্তা কোনো ধরনের প্রশ্ন করলে দ্বিতীয় বক্তা উত্তর দেন। দ্বিতীয় বক্তার ঐ উক্তিটি indirect
speech করার ক্ষেত্রে answer that/replied that বসবে।

D: The stranger said, “What is your name?” I said, “My name is Ahnaf.”
InD: The stranger asked what my name was. I replied that my name was Ahnaf.
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 ACADEMIC GRAMMAR: CHANGING SPEECH_C8

1. Direct speech–এ কোনো বক্তার পরপর একাধিক উক্তি থাকলে দ্বিতীয় বা তৎপরবর্তী উক্তিসমূ হের জন্য indirect speech–এ reporting
verb হবে।
Assertive sentence – এর ক্ষেত্রে: added/also said also added/again said/ further added+ that ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Interrogative sentence– এর ক্ষেত্রে: asked/ also বা again asked/further asked + that ব্যবহৃত হয়।

D: She said to me , “You are very honest. I trust you.”

InD: She told me that I was very honest and also added that she trusted me. // She told me that I was
honest. She added that she trusted me.

D: She said to me, “What is your name? Where are you from?”
InD: She asked me what my name was and also asked where I was from.
2. Direct speech–টি চিরন্তন সত্য হয়, তবে indirect speech-এ Tense–এর কোনো পরিবর্ত ন হয় না।
D: The teacher said, “The sun also rises in the east.”
InD: The teacher said that the sun also rises in the east.

3. Direct speech–এ শুধু মাত্র yes/no থাকলেঃ

Yes = sub + replied in the affirmative No = sub+ replied in the negative
কিন্তু Yes/No পরে যদি কোনো উক্তি থাকে তবে + said that +….

D: Father said to me, “Have you finished your homework?” “Yes,” said I.
InD: Father asked me if I had finished my homework. I replied in the affirmative.

D: Tina said, “Will you go to school?” I said, “No. I will go to my village.”

InD: Tina asked if I would go to school. I replied in the negative and said that I would go to my village.

4. Direct speech–এ

 Sir থাকলে = sub + respectfully/politely + reporting verb বা sub + reporting verb + respectfully/politely হয়।
D: The man said to me, “Where is the police station, Sir?”
InD: The man politely asked me where the police station was.
 Sorry/I am sorry থাকলে = sub + expressed his/her regret + said that হয়।
D: Rumon said, “Sorry. I do not have sufficient amount of money.”
InD: Rumon expressed his regret and said that he did not have sufficient amount of money.
 Thank you/congratulation থাকলে = sub + thanked/congratulated + reporting verb….
D: We said to Rahman, “Congratulation.” “Thank you,” said Rahman.
InD: We congratulated Rahman. Rahman thanked us.
 Good morning/good afternoon/good evening থাকলে = speaker + wish + the listener + good//morning/
afternoon/evening হয়।
D: The student said to the teacher, “Good morning.”
InD: The student wished the teacher good morning.

 Good night/good bye/farewell থাকলে = speaker + bade + listener + good // night/ good bye/ farewell হয়।
D: We said to our friend, “Good bye.” InD: We bade our friend good bye.
 Excuse me/listen/hello (এগুলো দ্বারা শ্রোতার দৃষ্টির আকর্ষণ করা হয়) থাকলে = speaker + drew his/her attention and
reporting verb হয়। D: The pedestrian said to me, “Excuse me, what is the time by your watch?”
InD: The pedestrian drew my attention and asked me what the time was by my watch.

5. Direct speech–এ যদি কাউকে সম্বোধন করা হয় = addressing him/her/them as + সম্বোধনবোধক শব্দ , sub+ reporting
verb হয়।

D: Labib said, “Friend, please help me.”

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 ACADEMIC GRAMMAR: CHANGING SPEECH_C8

InD: Addressing him as a friend, Labid requested him/her to help him.

6. Direct speech–এ by Allah/by God থাকলে = swearing by Allah/God , sub + reporting verb হয়।
D: The angry man said, “By Allah, I will kill you.”
InD: Swearing by Allah, the angry man said that he would kill me.

7. Direct speech–এ Must থাকলে Indirect speech –এ had to হয়।

D: I said, “I must go.” InD: I said that I had to go.

কিন্তু Must দ্বারা চিরন্তন বাধ্যবধকতা বোঝায়, তবে Indirect speech–এ Must অপরিবর্ত থাকে।
D: Teacher said to me, “You must obey your parents.”
InD: Teacher told me that I must obey my parents.

Watch out!!! The missing words!

D: “How are you?” said Rajib. “Fine,” replied Ahmed.

InD: Rajib asked Ahmed how he was. Ahmed replied that he was fine.

D: “Where are you going?” said Fraza. “Dhaka,” replied Ridita.

InD: Farza asked Ridita where she was going. Ridita replied that she was going to Dhaka.

D: “I cannot attend the meeting,” said he. “Why?” asked I.

InD: He said that he could not attend the meeting. I asked the reason.

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