NSTP 002 – MIDTERM REVIEWER o Promotion of civic welfare activities.

o Implementation of literacy programs.

ORIENTATION ON NSTP AND NRSC o Socio-economic development.
Republic Act 9163 - otherwise known as the National o Mobilization for national emergency
Service Training Act of 2001, aims to enhance the civic o Environmental protection.
consciousness of the students “by developing the ethics o Other similar endeavors as directed by
of service and patriotism” while undergoing Civic higher DRRM authorities
Welfare Training Service (CWTS). • Duties and Responsibilities of NSRC Members
o Report to the call of NSRC for training and
National Service Training Program (NSTP) - is a respond immediately for utilization in cases
program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and of disasters / calamities and other relevant
defense preparedness in the youth by developing the socio – economic service concerns as the
ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing needs arise, through its Centers & / or
training in any of its three program components. workplace at the time of the call.
o Register at the said Center and get
Three Components of NSTP
instructions/ briefing for specific duties and
• Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) – is responsibilities
designed to provide military training to tertiary • NSRC Utilization – The NSRC reservists and units
level students in order to motivate, train, shall be utilized in accordance with the PDRRM Act
organize and mobilize them for national of 2010 (RA 10121) and the NSTP Act of 2001 (RA
defense preparedness. 9163).
• Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) – o Mitigation, Preparedness, Prevention,
contributes to the general welfare and the Response, Relief, and Rehabilitation.
betterment of life for the member of the o Environmental Protection/ Preservation and
community or the enhancement of its facilities. Rehabilitation.
• Literacy Training Service (LTS) – is designed to o Civic Welfare and Literacy Activities.
train the students to teach literacy and o Other task needed to address
numeracy skill to school children, out-of-school emergencies/calamities/crises.
youth, and other segments of society in need of • NSRC and improving resilience
their services. o Contribution to preparedness, response,
rehabilitation, and recovery + Promoting
National Service Reserve Corps citizen action = a CULTURE of RESILIENCE
• Section 11 of R.A. 9163 (NSTP Act of 2001), 5S SANITATION AND GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PROGRAM
specifically provides for the creation of a National
Service Reserve Corps (NSRC), composed of the The essence of this program is for everyone to observe
Non-ROTC Components: Civic Welfare Training as a matter of personal habit and discipline, and to
Service (CWTS) and Literacy Training Service (LTS). assume as personal obligation and responsibility, the
• The NSRC shall be composed of the graduates of the Sanitation and Good Housekeeping of the surroundings,
Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) and Literacy place of study and place of activities.
Training Service (LTS) components of the NSTP. • Seiri/Sort/Suriin
• MISSION: To provide a trained and motivated • Seiton/Systematize/Sinupin
manpower pool that can be tapped by the State for
• Seiso/Sweep/Simutin
civic welfare, literacy, and other similar endeavors
• Seiketsu/Sanitize/Siguraduhin ang kalinisan
in the service of the nation
• Shitsuke/Self-discipline/Sariling kusa
• NSRC = CIVIC
• Citizens Armed Force = Military INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID MANAGEMENT AND
• NSRC Functions SHOCK
o Disaster preparedness, mitigation,
response, and rehabilitation programs. First Aid – is an immediate care given to a person who
o Auxiliary to the National Disaster Risk has been injured or suddenly taken ill. It includes self -
help and home care if medical assistance is delayed or
Reduction and Management Council
not available.
(NDRRMC) response units.
• Objectives of First Aid (3Ps) First Aid Kit Supplies
o To promote recovery – one of the primary
objectives is to be able to help reduce or • Rubbing Alcohol
totally alleviate suffering. • Gauze Pad
o To prevent added/further injury or danger • Povidine Iodine (Betadine)
– the goal is to prevent the condition from • Cotton
worsening, or danger of further injury first • Band Aid/Plaster
aid measures aim to preserve and sustain • Tongue Depressor
life. • Penlight
o To preserve life – the goal is to save the • Gloves
victim from imminent danger. • Forceps
• Scissors
First Aider - The first aider deals with the whole
• Occlusive Dressing
situation involving the patient and the injury or illness.
• Elastic Roller Bandage
The Philippine Red Cross (PRC) conducts trainings for
• Triangular Bandage
people who like to become first aiders.
First Aid Equipment
• Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider
1. Bridge that fills the gap between the victim and • Spine Board
the physician. • Set of Splints
2. Ensures safety of himself and that of • Poles
bystanders. • Kendrick’s Extrication Device
3. Gain access to the victim. Determine any threat • Blankets
to patients’ life.
4. Summon advanced medical care as needed. Cloth Materials Commonly Used in First Aid
5. Provide needed care for the patient.
1. Dressing – any sterile cloth material used to
6. Assist advanced personnel.
cover the wound.
7. Record all finding, and care given to the patient.
2. Bandage – any cloth material sterile or not used
• Characteristics of a Good First Aider
to hold the dressing in place.
1. Gentle
3. Other uses of Bandage
2. Resourceful
o Control Bleeding
3. Observant
o Tie Splints in place
4. Tactful
o Immobilize body part
5. Empathetic
o For arm support – use as a sling
6. Respectable
Emergency Action Principles
Hindrances in Giving First Aid
• Survey the Scene (Safety First!)
1. Unfavorable surroundings.
• Primary Survey
2. Presence of crowds.
o Check for ABC (Airway – Breathing –
3. Pressure from victim or relatives.
Circulation) of Life
Transmission of Diseases • Always Remember DRABC (Danger, Response,
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation)
1. Direct Contact
• Call emergency hotlines (911)
2. Indirect Contact (Airborne & Vector)
Shock - it refers to a condition in which the circulatory
Body Substance Isolation - These are precautions taken
system fails to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the
to isolate or prevent risk of exposure from any type of
body’s tissues and vital organs.
bodily substance.
• Dangers of Shock
• Basic Precautions & Practices
o Lead to death
o Personal Hygiene
o Predisposes body infection
o Protective Equipment
o Lead to loss of body parts
o Equipment Cleaning & Disinfecting
• Causes of Shock
o Severe bleeding
 o Crushing injury o Rapid, weak pulse
o Infection o Skin that feels cool, moist or looks pale or
o Heart attack bluish
o Perforation o Vomiting of blood or coughing up blood
o Shell bomb and bullet wound o Excessive thirst
o Rupture of tubal pregnancies o An injured extremity that is blue or
o Anaphylaxis extremely pale
o Starvation and disease o Altered mental state
• Signs and Symptoms of Shock • Causes of Closed Wound
o Face-pale o Blunt objects resulting in contusion or
o Skin-cold and clammy bruises
o Breathing – irregular o Application of external forces
o Pulse-rapid and weak • First Aid Management for Closed Wound
o Nausea and vomiting I – Ice application
o Weakness C – Compression
o Thirsty E – Elevation
• Objectives of First Aid Management for Shock S – Splinting
o To improve circulation of blood. o Apply an ice pack.
o To ensure an adequate supply of oxygen. o Elevate the injured part.
o To maintain normal body temperature o Do not assume that all closed wounds are
• First Aid Management for Shock minor injuries.
o Make the person lie down. o Help the person to rest.
o Control any external bleeding. o Provide comfort and reassurance to the
o Legs may be raised 6 to 12 inches. person.
o Help the person maintain normal body
Open Wound – the outer layer of skin is broken. The
temperature.
break in the skin can be as minor as a scrape of the
o Do not give the person anything to eat or
surface layers or as severe as a deep penetration.
drink.
o Reassure the person every so often. • These are the classification of open wound:
• First Aid Management for Shock o Puncture – deep and narrow serious or slight
o Proper Posture bleeding.
o Proper Heat ▪ Causes: Penetrating pointed
o Proper Transfer instrument such as nails, ice picks,
daggers, etc.
Soft Tissue Injuries – refers to any damage to our skin,
o Abrasion – shallow, wide, oozing of blood,
tendons, ligaments, or muscles all through the body that
dirty.
can make a significant interruption to a person’s regular
▪ Causes: Scrapping or rubbing against
daily life. These sorts of injuries can happen during
rough surfaces.
sports, work out, or even ordinary exercises.
o Laceration – torn with irregular edges,
Wound – is any physical injury involving a break in the serious or slight bleeding.
layers of the skin. ▪ Causes: Blunt instruments such as
shrapnel’s, rocks, broken glasses,
• Complications of Wounds etc.
o Bleeding o Avulsion – tissue forcefully separated from
o Infection the body.
o Tetanus ▪ Causes: Explosion, animal bites,
o Rabies mishandling of tools, etc.
Closed Wound – is a wound where the outer layer of the o Incision – clean cut, deep, severe bleeding,
skin is intact, and the damage lies below the surface. wound is clean.
▪ Causes: Sharp bladed instruments
• Signs and Symptoms of Closed Wound such as blades, razors, etc.
o Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas of the
body.
• Dangers of Open Wound • Factors to Determine the Seriousness of Burns
o Hemorrhage o The depth
o Infection ▪ 1st degree – superficial thickness
o Shock burn
• First Aid Management for Open Wound with Severe ▪ 2nd degree – partial thickness burn
Bleeding: ▪ 3rd degree – full thickness burn
C – Control Bleeding o The Extent to the affected Body Surface
C – Cover the wound Area-Rule of Nine, Rule of Palm
C – Care for shock o Location of the Burns
C – Call or refer to physician o Victim’s Age and Medical Condition
o Call the local emergency number. • Types of Burn
o Put on PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). o Thermal Burn – not all thermal burns are
o Control bleeding by applying direct pressure caused by flames. Contact with hot objects,
of employing bandage. flammable vapor that ignites and causes a
o Monitor airway and breathing. flash or an explosion, and steams or hot
o In cases where the injured person is in shock, liquid are other common causes of burns.
keep him or her from feeling overheated. o Chemical Burn – chemicals will continue to
o Have the person rest comfortably and cause tissue destruction until the chemical
provide reassurance. agent is removed.
o Wash your hands immediately after giving o Electrical Burn – the injury or severity from
care. exposure to electrical current depends on
• First Aid Management for Open Wound with the type of current (direct or alternating),
Bleeding Not Severe (Home Care): the voltage, the area of the body exposed
o Clean the wound with soap and water. and the duration of contact.
o Apply mild antiseptics. • Care for Thermal Burn
o Cover wound with dressing and bandage. o First and Second-Degree Burn
o Wash your hands immediately after giving ▪ Relieve pain by immersing the
care. burned area in cold water or by
applying a wet, cold cloth.
Burns – a re injuries to the skin and to other body tissues
▪ If cold water is unavailable, use any
that is cause by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiations. cold liquid you drink to reduce the
• Classifications of Burns: burned skin’s temperature.
o Superficial (first-degree) burns – these o Third Degree Burn
burns affect only the skin surface. ▪ Cover the burn with a dry, non-
o Partial-thickness (second-degree) burns – sticking, sterile dressing, or a clean
these burns affect the outermost and second cloth.
layer of the skin. ▪ Treat the victim for shock by
o Full-thickness (third-degree) burns – these elevating the legs and keeping the
burns have killed the skin all the way to the victim warm with a clean sheet or
person fatty tissue. blanket.
• Common Causes of Burn • Care for Chemical Burn
o Carelessness with match and cigarette o Immediately remove the chemical by
smoking. flushing with water.
o Scald from hot liquid. o Remove the victim’s contaminated clothing
o Defective heating, cooking and electrical while flushing with water.
equipment. o Flush for 20 mins. or longer. Let the victim
o Immersion in overheated bath water. wash with mild soap before a final rinse.
o Use of such chemicals such as lye, strong o Cover the burned area with a dry dressing or
acids, and strong detergents. for large areas use clean pillowcase.
o If the chemical is in the eye, flush it for
20mins. using low pressure.
o Seek medical attention immediately for all
chemical burns.
• Care for Electrical Burn • First Aid Management for Ingested Poisoning
o Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the power. If o Try to identify the poison.
that is impossible call the Power Company or o Place the victim on her left side.
ask for help. o Monitor C-A-B-C's of life.
o Call the emergency number. o Save any empty container, spoiled food for
o Check the CABCs (Consciousness, Airway, analysis.
Breathing, Circulation). o Save any vomitus keep it with the victim if he
o Provide Rescue Breathing or or she is taken to an emergency facility.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation if needed. o Instances when vomiting should not be
o If the victim fell, check for spine injury induced.
o Treat the victim for shock ▪ If unresponsive.
o Seek medical attention immediately. ▪ Cannot maintain an airway.
Electrical injuries are treated in burn centers. ▪ Has ingested an acid, a corrosive
• Assessment of Surface Area Burn such as lye, or a petroleum product
o Rule of Nine such as gasoline or furniture polish.
▪ It is a quick way to determine the ▪ Has a medical condition that could
extent of burns in adults by dividing be complicated by vomiting, such as
the body into multiples of nine and heart attack, seizures, and
the sum total of these parts is pregnancy.
equivalent to the overall body
Inhaled Poisoning – It happens when a person breathes
surface area injured.
in toxic fumes.
o Rule of Palm
▪ Since the rule of nine is inaccurate • Signs and Symptoms of Inhaled Poisoning
for estimating the child burned o History of inhaling poisons.
surface area, the rule of palm is o Breathing difficulty.
another way to determine the burn o Chest pain.
injury for children. This work by o Cough, hoarseness, burning sensation in the
using the victim's palm (not fingers throat.
or wrist area) to assess the burned o Cyanosis
body surface area. The palm of the o Dizziness, headache.
person who is burned is equals to 1% o Seizures, unresponsiveness (advance
of the body. stages).
Poison – this refers to any substance that can cause • First Aid for Inhaled Poisoning
injury, illness or death when introduced into body. o Remove the victim from the toxic
Poisons include solids, liquids, gases, and vapors. environment and into fresh air immediately.
o Monitor C-AB-C's of life and take action.
• Ways In Which Poisoning May Occur o Seek medical attention.
o Ingestion – By mouth
o Inhalation – By the nose Absorbed Poisoning – it is a poison that enters the body
o Injection – By animal bites, stings, or syringes after it comes in contact with the skin.
o Absorption – By skin contact • Signs and Symptoms of Absorbed Poisoning
Ingested Poisoning – this is one introduced into the o History of exposures
digestive tract by way of the mouth. o Liquid or powder on the skin
o Burns
• Signs and Symptoms of Ingested Poisoning o Itching
o Altered mental status o Redness, rash, blisters.
o History of ingesting poison • First Aid Management for Jellyfish Stings
o Burns around the mouth o Limit further discharge by minimizing patient
o Nausea and vomiting movement.
o Abdominal pain o Wash out wounds or injury with vinegar.
o Diarrhea o Remove any remnant of allergen such as
o Odd breath odors jellyfish tentacles and other foreign
materials by scraping them off.
 o Keep the patient warm. • Signs and Symptoms of Snake Bites
o Seek medical attention. o Possible marks
• First Aid Management for Poisonous Plant o Pain
o Remove the clothing. • First Aid for Snake Bites
o With a dry cloth, blot the poison from the o Wash wound
skin. If the poison is a dry powder, brush it o Keep bitten part still, and lower than the
off. heart
o Flood the area with copious amounts of o Call the local emergency number
water. • Signs and Symptoms of Human and Animal Bites
o Continually monitor the victim’s vital signs. o Bite mark
o Seek medical attention. o Bleeding
• First Aid for Human and Animal Bites
Injected Poisoning – enter the body through bites or
o If bleeding is minor -wash the wound
stings of insects, spiders, ticks, snakes, and some marine
o Control bleeding
life. It could also enter the body through the insertion of
o Apply antibiotic ointment
a hypodermic needle.
o Cover the wound
• Signs and Symptoms of Insect Bites o Seek medical attention if the wound bleeds
o Stinger may be present severely or if you suspect an animal has
o Pain rabies
o Swelling o Call emergency number
o Possible allergic reaction
• First Aid for Insect Bites
o Remove stinger
o Wash wound
o Cover the wound
o Apply a cold pack
o Watch for signals of an allergic reaction.
• Signs and Symptoms of Spider / Scorpion Ring
o Bite mark
o Swelling
o Pain
o Nausea and vomiting
o Difficulty in breathing or swallowing
• First Aid for Spider/Scorpion Ring
o Wash wound
o Apply a cold pack
o Get medical care to receive antivenin.
o Call the local emergency number, if
necessary.
• Signs and Symptoms of Marine Life Sting
o Possible marks
o Pain
o Swelling
o Possible allergic reaction
• First Aid for Marine Life Sting
o Soak the area in vinegar (if jellyfish).
o Soak in non-scalding hot water until the pain
goes away (if stingray).
o Clean and bandage the wound.
o Call the local emergency number, if
necessary.