1.
The science with deals with occurrence, movement and circulation of water is called
(a) hydrogeology (b) geohydrology
(c) hydrology (d) hydrography.
2. Limnology is the science which deals with
(a) surface streams (b) lakes
(c) glaciers (d) snow and ice.
3. Hydrometeorology is the science which deals with
(a) water in the atmosphere (b) water below of surface of the earth
(c) water in the surface streams (d) water in oceans.
4. Relative humidity of the atmosphere is defined as the ratio of
(a) actual vapour pressure to the vapour pressure at 0°C
(b) actual vapour pressure to the atmospheric pressure
(c) weight of water to the weight of air
(d) actual vapour pressure to the saturation vapour pressure.
5. A pressure of one millibar is equal to
(a) 100 N/m2 (b) 1000 N/m2
(c) 10000 N/m? (d) 100000 N/m?.
6. Apressure of 1 N/m‘* is equal to
(a) 0.1 millibar (b) 0.01 millibar
(c) 0.001 millibar (d) 1 millibar.
7. The ratio of the radiation reflected back to the radiation received by the surface is called its
(a) radiation coefficient (b) Plank’s constant
(c) albedo (d) Bowen’s ratio.
8. In which of the following does the temperature remain constant with elevation
(a) troposphere (b) mesosphere
(c) ionosphere (d) stratosphere.
9. Langley is the unit which measures
(a) infiltration (b) permissibility
(c) radiation (d) albedo.
10. Isobar is a line which joins points of equal
(a) rainfall depth (b) temperature
(c) humidity (d) atmospheric pressure.
11. Incyclones of Northern hemisphere wind blows
(a) clockwise inward (b) anti-clockwise inward
(c) clockwise outward (d) anti-clockwise outward.
12. In anti-cyclones of Northern hemisphere wind blows
(a) clockwise inward (b) anti-clockwise inward
(c) clockwise outward (d) anti-clockwise outward.
13. The instrument used to measure the wind velocity in the atmosphere is
(a) current meter (b) atmometer
(c) pyranometer (d) anemometer.
14. In the following, identify the one which is different from the rest
(a) rain (b) drizzle
(c) hail (d) fog.
15. Rain shadow region is formed on the
(a) windward side of mountain when rain yielding mass passes over it
(b) Leeward side of mountain when rain yielding air mass passes over it
(c) Plains when rain yielding air mass passes over it
(d) none of the above.
16. The albedo of solid surface is in the range
(a) 0.95 to 1 (b) 0.5 to 0.75
(c) 0.1 to 0.3 (d) 0.001 to 0.01.
17. The albedo of the water surface is nearer to
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.05
(c) 0.25 (d) 0.75
18. Which is the odd one in the following?
(a) snow (b) sleet
(c) rain (d) hail.
19. The convective precipitation is caused when
(a) vertical instability of moist air is produced by surface heating
(b) the disturbance on the air front develops into cyclone
(c) the colder air rises into warm air (d) all of the above.
20. Rain shadow region in India is found
(a) to the west of western ghats CJ (b) to the west of eastern ghats
(c) to the south of Himalayas (d) to the east of western ghats.
21. The cyclonic precipitation is caused due to
(a) disturbance caused on the frontal surface between cold and warm air masses
(b) the thermal convective currents
(c) the orographic cooling when air mass is lifted up a slope
(d) none of the above.
22. The instrument used to measure the humidity of the atmosphere continuously with time is
called
(a) Barograph (b) Thermograph
(c) Hygrograph (d) Thermo-hygrograph.
23. The instrument which records the variation of temperature with time is called
(a) Barograph (b) Thermograph
(c) Hygrograph (d) Thermo-hygrograph.
24. The instrument which records the variation of both temperature and humidity with time is
called
(a) Barograph (b) Thermograph
(c) Hygrograph (d) Thermo-hygrograph.
25. Pyranometer is the instrument which measures
(a) the duration of sunshine (b) radiation
(c) evaporation O (d) none of the above.
26. Rainfall hyetograph shows the variation of
(a) cumulative rainfall with time
(b) rainfall intensity with time
(c) rainfall depth over an area
(d) rainfall intensity with the cumulative rainfall.
27. Fainfall mass curve shows the variation of
(a) rainfall intensity with time (b) rainfall intensity with cumulative rainfall
(c) rainfall excess with time (d) cumulative rainfall with time.
28. The diameter of the receiving area of Syphon type recording raingauge is equal to
(a) 127 mm (b) 300 mm
(c) 203 mm (d) 500 mm.
29. The diameter of the receiving area of Symons ordinary rain gauge is equal to
(a) 127 mm (b) 300 mm
(c) 203 mm (d) 500 mm.
30. Inselecting a site for a rain gauge the nearest object should be at a minimum distance of
(a) twice its height (b) three times its height
(c) equal to its height (d) anywhere.
31. Double mass curve technique is used
(a) to prepare rainfall hyetograph from rainfall mass curve
(b) to check the consistency of record at a suspected rain gauge station
(c) to derive the hydrograph
(d) to derive the S-curve hydrograph.
32. The maximum rainfall intensity at a given location
(a) increases with increase in duration of rainfall
(b) decreases with increase in duration of rainfall
(c) is independent of the duration of rainfall
(d) difficult to predict.
33. The most accurate method of finding the average depth of rainfall over an area is
(a) Thiessen polygon method (b) lsohyetal method
(c) Arithmetic mean method (d) Any of the above.
34. The Thiessen polygonal areas of the four rain gauge stations A, B, C and D in a catchment
are 75, 125, 150 and 150 km? respectively. If the average depth of rainfall for the catchment is
given as 5 cm and the rainfall recorded at B, C and D are 5 cm, 4cm and 5 cm. What is the
rainfall at A?
(a) 8cm (b)7cm
(c)6cm (d) 6cm.
35. A major river basin is divided into four sub-basin with areas of 900, 700, 1000 and 1400 km2
respectively. If the average annual rainfalls on the sub-basins are 100, 80, 100 and 110 cm
respectively what is the rainfall for the basin as a whole?
(a) 85 cm (b) 95cm
(c) 100 cm (d) 105 cm.
36. Four rain-gauge stations A, B, C and D in a catchment area have recorded 20, 25, 22 and
15 cm respectively. If their Thiessen weights are 0.3, 0.4, 0.1 and 0.2. What is the average
depth of rainfall on the catchment?
(a) 21.2 cm (b)22.2cm
(c) 20.2 cm (d) 19.2 cm.
37. Fora given storm the average depth of rainfall over an area
(a) increases with increase in area (b) decreases with increase in area
(c) has no relation with area (d) none of the above.
38. An isohyet is a line joining points of
(a) equal rainfall intensity (b) equal rainfall depth
(c) equal evaporation (d) equal humidity.
39. The chart removed from a recording type raingauge gives
(a) the rainfall mass curve (b) to rainfall hyetrograph
(c) the isohyetal map (d) the double mass curve.
40. As per Indian standards how many raingauges should be installed in a catchment with an
area of 1000 km? lying in plains?
(a) 6 (b)4
(c) 2 (8.
41. Intensity of rainfall means
(a) total rainfall during a storm (b) rainfall per unit area
(c) the rate at which the rainfall depth is accumulating
(d) volume of rain water per unit area.
42. The typical characteristic of convective showers is that they are of
(a) high intensity and long duration (b) high intensity and short duration
(c) low intensity and long duration (d) low intensity and short duration.
43. The double mass curve is prepared by plotting
(a) cumulative annual rainfall at a station against cumulative annual rainfall at a neighbouring
station
(b) cumulative annual rainfall at a station against time in years
(c) cumulative annual rainfall at a station against the cumulative average annual rainfall of a certain
number of neighbouring stations
(d) the annual rainfall of this year against the annual rainfall of previous year.
44, In which of the following the water equivalent would be minimum
(a) fresh powder snow (b) virgin snow
(c) coarse snow (d) granular ice.
45. In which of the following the water equivalent would be maximum.
(a) fresh powder snow (b) virgin snow
(c) coarse snow (d) packed snow.
46. The snow fall is generally measured in terms of
(a) weight of snow per unit area (6) equivalent depth of water
(c) depth of snow fallen (d) any of the above.
47. In radar measurement of rainfall, the energy of echo waves depends upon
(a) the solar radiation (b) wind velocity
(c) the size of the drop (d) the inclination of rainfall.
48. Thiessen polygon method is used
(a) to determine the parameters of the aquifer
(b) to locate the depth of water table
(c) to compute the average depth of rainfall
(d) to drive the ordinates of unit hydrograph.
49. The precipitation formation is hastened by sending
(a) dry ice into clouds (b) silver iodide into clouds
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the above.
50. In the two point method of finding the average velocity using the current water across a
vertical in a open channel, the velocities are measured below the free surface at
(a) 0.25 and 0.75 depths (b) 0.20 and 0.80 depths
(c) 0.40 and 0.60 depths (d) 0.15 and 0.85 depths.
51. In the single point method of finding the average velocity using the current meter across a
vertical in a open channel, the velocity is measured below the free surface at
(a) 0.8 depth (b) 0.7 depth
(c) 0.6 depth (d) 0.5 depth.
52. In Nis the speed of the current meter in revolutions per second, the velocity measured by it
is proportional to
(a) N1/2 (b) N3/2
(c) N2 (da)N.
53. The rating curve of a stream gauging station given the variation of
(a) discharge in the stream with the variation of
(b) discharge in the stream with the stage
(c) discharge in the stream with water surface slope
(d) discharge in the stream with the velocity of flow.
54, The crest gauge is used to record
(a) the lowest stage in the river (b) the average stage in the river
(c) the peak stage in the river (d) none of the above.
55. The stage in the river is defined as
(a) the elevation of water surface with reference to an arbitrary datum
(b) the average depth of flow in the stream
(c) the radius of a semi-circle whose area is equal to the area of flow
(d) none of the above.
56. A hydrograph is the graph drawn between
(a) discharge in the river and the stage in the river
(b) discharge and time
(c) stage and time
(d) none of the above.
57. One cumec-day is equal to
(a) 8.64 hectare metres (b) 86.4 hectare metres
(c) 864 hectare metres (d) 0.864 hectare metres.
58. One hectare-metre is equal to
(a) 10000 m? (b) 1000 m2
(c) 1000000 m? (d) 100000 m’.
59. Flow mass curve is the graph drawn between
(a) the rate of flow and time
(b) cumulative volume of flow and time
(c) the cumulative discharge and time
(d) cumulative volume of flow and the discharge.
60. Flow mass curve is used
(a) to determine the storage capacity of the reservoir to meet a given uniform demand
(b) to check the consistency of the flow record at a given site
(c) to derive the unit hydrograph
(d) to develop synthetic unit hydrograph.
61. Flow duration curve is the graph drawn between
(a) the discharge and time
(b) the discharge and the percentage of time such discharge is exceeded
(c) cumulative rate of flow and time
(d) cumulative volume of flow and time.
62. The concept of unit hydrograph was first introduced by
(a) Dalton (b) Sherman
(c) Darcy (d) Gumbel.
63. The word ‘unit’ in the unit hydrograph denotes
(a) the unit depth of runoff (b) unit duration of the storm
(c) unit base period of the hydrograph OU (@) arbitrary.
64, The unit hydrograph is the graphical relation between
(a) total rainfall and the total runoff
(b) total rainfall and the direct runoff
(c) effective rainfall and the total runoff
(d) effective rainfall and the direct runoff.
65. The peak ordinate of a 4h unit hydrograph of a basin is 270 m?/s. Then, the peak ordinate of
a 8h unit hydrograph of same will be basin
(a) equal to 270 m3/s (b) less than 270 m?/s
(c) more than 270 m°/s (d) difficult to tell.
66. The base period of a 6 h unit hydrograph of a basin is 84 h. Then, the base period of a12h
unit hydrograph of the same basin will be
(a) 90h O (b) 84h
(c) 72h O (d) 168h.
67. A storm with a uniform intensity occurring over a basin for a period of 6 h produced an
effective rainfall of 15 cm and the peak discharge in the corresponding direct runoff
hydrograph is 930 m?/s. Over the same basin, if another storm of same duration but with an
effective rainfall of 7.5 cm occurs what is the peak ordinate of the direct rainfall hydrograph
produced by it
(a) 930 m3/s (b) 1860 m3/s
(c) 2790 m3/s (d) 465 m3/s.
68. The concentration time of the basin is
(a) the time between the centre of the rainfall and the peak discharge
(b) the base period of the hydrograph
(c) the time taken by the water particle at the remotest point of the basin to reach the basin outlet
(d) the duration of rainfall.
69. Direct runoff is the sum of
(a) the surface runoff and the base flow
(b) the base flow and the ground water runoff
(c) the delayed subsurface runoff and deep percolation
(d) the surfaces runoff and the prompt sub-surface runoff.
70. The base flow is
(a) the difference between total runoff and direct runoff
(b) the sum of surface runoff and delayed sub-surface runoff
(c) the difference between prompt sub-surface runoff and delayed sub-surface runoff
(d) none of the above.
71. The S-curve hydrograph is
(a) the summation of the unity hydrograph
(b) the summation of the total runoff hydrograph
(c) the summation of the rainfall hyetograph
(d) none of the above.
72. The S-curve hydrograph is used
(a) to estimate the peak flood from a basin due to a given storm
(b) to convert the unit hydrograph of given duration into a unit hydrograph of any other duration
(c) to develop synthetic unit hydrograph
(d) to estimate the infiltration losses.
73. The lag time of the basin is
(a) the time between the centroid of rainfall diagram and the peak ordinate of the hydrograph
(b) the time between the beginning and ending of direct runoff
(c) the time between the beginning and ending of effective rainfall
(d) the time taken for the remotest particle to reach the basin outlet.
74. Synthetic unit hydrograph of a basin is the unit hydrograph derived from
(a) the available rainfall and runoff records of the basin
(b) the rainfall and runoff records of the nearby basins
(c) the arbitrary fixation of its shape
(d) none of the above.
75. In the synthetic unit hydrograph proposed by Snyder the peak ordinate is given in terms of
basin area A and basin lag t,, as
76. The basin lag of Snyder’s synthetic unit hydrograph is given by
77. The base period of the Snyder’s synthetic unit hydrograph is given by
78. The 4h unit hydrograph of a basin can be approximated as a triangle with base period of
48 h and a peak ordinate of 200 m?/s. The area of the basin would be
(a) 1728 km? (b) 3456 km?
(c) 864 km? (d) 5184 km?.
79. If the duration of a unit hydrograph approaches zero, the resulting unit hydrograph is known
as
(a) S-curve hydrograph (b) synthetic unit hydrograph
(c) constant unit hydrograph (d) instantaneous unit hydrograph.
80. According to the principle of linearity of unity hydrograph theory
(a) the base periods of direct runoff hydrographs produced by storm of same duration will also be
same
(b) the ordinates of the direct runoff hydrographs of a common base period are directly proportional
to the volume of run-off represented by each hydrograph
(c) the base periods of direct runoff hydrograph is proportional to the depth of direct runoff
(d) the base period of direct runoff hydrograph is proportional to the duration of effective rainfall.
81. Unit hydrograph method is generally used to estimate the peak flood when the catchment
area does not exceed
(a) 1000 km? (b) 1500 km?
(c) 5000 km2 (d) 10000 km?.
82. Infiltration capacity of the soil is defined as
(a) the depth of water absorbed by the soil during the storm a
(b) the maximum rate at which the soil absorbs water
(c) the average rainfall intensity during the storm
(d) the rate at which the runoff is generated.
83. The infiltration capacity of the given soil
(a) increases with increase in the initial soil moisture
(b) decreases with increase in the initial soil moisture
(c) is independent of the initial soil moisture
(d) difficult to tell.
84. All other factors remaining same, the infiltration capacity in winter
(a) is less than that in summer (b) is more than that in summer
(c) is same as that in summer (da) is difficult to tell.
85. In the standard notation, the Horton’s infiltration equation is given by
86. The observed runoff during a 6 h storm with a uniform intensity of 15 mm/h over a basin of
area 300 km? is 21.6 million m?. The average infiltration rate during the storm is
(a) 3 mm/h (b)6mm/h
(c) 12 mm/h (da) 18 mm/h.
87. A 6h storm with hourly intensities of 7, 18, 25, 12, 10 and 3 mm/h produced a runoff of
33 mm. Then the $-index is
(a) 7 mm/h (b)3mm/h
(c) 10 mm/h (d)8 mm/h.
88. -index is defined as
(a) the difference between maximum and minimum infiltration capacities
(b) difference between the total rainfall and total runoff divided by the duration of the storm
(c) the rainfall intensity above which the rainfall volume equals the observed runoff volume
(d) minimum infiltration rate during the storm.
89. W-index will be always
(a) equal to g-index (b) more than 6-index
(c) less than -index (d) difficult to tell.
90. According to Dalton’s law evaporation is directly proportional to
(a) the vapour pressure gradient
(b) the difference between saturation vapour pressure at 100°C and the actual vapour pressure
(c) the difference between the actual vapour pressure and the saturation vapour pressure at 0°C
(d) the difference between the saturation vapour pressure at given temperature and the saturation
vapour pressure at 0°C.
91. The saturation deficit of the atmosphere is the difference between
(a) e, at given temperature and e (b) e. at 100° and e, at 0°
(c) e, at given temperature ande,atO0° UO (ad) eande,at0°
where ¢. is the saturation vapour pressure and ¢ is the actual vapour pressure.
92. The pan co-efficient is defined as the
(a) ratio of lake evaporation to pan evaporation
(b) ratio of pan evaporation to the lake evaporation
(c) product of pan evaporation and lake evaporation
(d) difference between pan and lake evaporation.
93. The pan evaporation is
(a) always less than lake evaporation
(b) always more than lake evaporation
(c) always equal to the lake evaporation
(d) sometimes less and sometimes more than lake evaporation.
94. Which of the following has the largest pan co-efficient?
(a) land pan (b) suken pan
(c) floating pan (d) surface pan.
95. The chemical compound which is generally used to reduce the evaporation from water
bodies is
(a) D.D.T (b) alum
(c) cetyl alcohol (d) potassium dichromate.
96. The salinity in water
(a) reduces the evaporation (b) does not affect evaporation
(c) increases the evaporation (a) difficult to say.
97. Lysimeter is the instrument used to measure
(a) evaporation (b) transpiration
(c) infiltration (d) evapotranspiration.
98. The abscissa in a psychrometric chart is
(a) relative humidity (b) dry bulb temperature
(c) wet bulb temperature (d) wet bulb depression.
99. The evaporation through plants and from the surrounding soil together is called
(a) hydration (b) vapourisation
(c) transpiration (d) evapotranspiration.
100. An aquifer is a geological formation which
(a) does not contain water
(b) contains water but does not transmit
(c) contains water and also transmits water
(d) is an out crop ozzing out water.
101. Which one of the following formations does not contain ground water?
(a) aquifer (b) aquifuge
(c) aquitard (d) aquiclude.
102. In the case of a flowing well, the piezometric surface is
(a) below the ground level
(b) above the ground level
(c) between ground level and the water surface in the well
(d) below the water surface in the well.
103. In the case of a water table well, the piezometric surface
(a) is above the ground level
(b) is below the water level in the well
(c) coincides with water level in the well
(d) is between the water level in the well and ground level.
104. Darcy’s law for ground water motion states that the velocity
(a) is proportional to hydraulic gradient
(b) is proportional to the square of hydraulic gradient
(c) is inversely proportional to hydraulic gradient
(d) is proportional to the logarithm of hydraulic gradient.
105. An influent stream is one which
(a) contributes runoff to the ground water
(b) derives runoff from ground water
(c) neither contributes nor derives runoff from ground water
(d) flows only below the ground.
106. In the above question which is an effluent stream.
107. Specific yield of an aquifer is defined as the ratio of the
(a) volume of pore space to the total volume of soil
(b) volume of water freely drained from a saturated soil to the volume of soil
(c) volume of water retained when a saturated soil is freely drained to the volume of soil
(d) volume of prove space to volume of soil grains.
108. The steady discharge from a well in an unconfined aquifer is given by the equation
where ht, and h, are the water levels in the two observation wells at radial distances of r, and
r,, Kis the permeability of the aquifer and B is the thickness of the aquifer.
109. Which of the equations in the above problem gives the discharge from a confined aquifer
under steady state conditions?
110. The equation for steady state yield from a tube-well first developed by
(a) Darcy (b) Dupuit
(c) Jacob (d) Chow.
111. Another name for an unconfined aquifer is
(a) leak aquifer (b) perched aquifer
(c) artesian aquifer (d) water table aquifer.
112. Radius of influence is the horizontal distance between
(a) the centre of the well and a point on the cone of depression of maximum drawdown
(b) the centre of the well and a point on the cone of depression of zero drawdown
(c) the centre of the well and the outer edge of the well
(d) the centre of the well and the first observation well.
113. The transmissivity of the aquifer is defined as the product of
(a) radius of well and radius of influence
(b) thickness of aquifer and radius of influence
(c) radius of the well and the permeability of the aquifer
(7) permeability of the aquifer and the thickness of the aquifer.
114. Specific capacity of an open well is the ratio of
(a) area of the well to the permeability of the aquifer
(b) permeability of the aquifer to the area of the well
(c) area of the well to steady state drawdown
(d) permeability of the aquifer to steady state drawdown.
115. Inthe recuperation test of an open well if T is the time for recuperation of water level from
h, to h,, then the specific capacity of the open well is given by
116. The difference between the maximum and minimum values of a sample is called its
(a) standard deviation (b) median
(c) range (d) mode.
117. The unbiased standard deviation of a sample data is given by
118. The co-efficient of variation is defined as the ratio of
(a) standard deviation to skewness co-efficient
(b) mean to standard deviation
(c) standard deviation to mean
(d) square of standard deviation to mean.
119. If mis the rank of a flood in n years record the Weibul’s formula for computing the return
period is
120. The Hazen’s formula for computing the return period is
121. The California formula for return period is
122. The most commonly used formula for computing return period is
(a) California (b) Hazen’s
(c) Werbul’s (d) Beard’s.
123. The most commonly used probability distribution to fit the flood data is
(a) Normal distribution (b) Gumbel’s distribution
(c) Log-normal distribution (d) Log-Pearson distribution.
124. A flood with a return period of 100 years is the flood which occurs
(a) every 100th year
(b) the maximum observed flood in the past 100 years
(c) once in every 100 years on the average
(2) only after 100 years in the immediate future.
125. A spillway is designed for T year flood and has an estimated useful life period of N years.
Then the probability that it will not fail in the next N years is given by
126. The Ryve’s formula for maximum flood from a catchment of area A is given by
(a) Q = CA2/3 (b)Q=CA¥
(c) Q=CA3 @)Q=CA*.
127. Which is the Dicken’s formula for flood peak in the above problem.
128. In problem 125, what is the probability that the T year flood may occur in any one of the
next N years.
129. The probability that a T year flood occurs in any year is
130. In the channel routing by the Muskingum method, the values of the routing constants c,
and c, are —-0.2 and 0.5 respectively. The value of the third routing constant c, is
(a) 0.5 (b) -0.2
(c) -0.5 (d) 0.7.
131. Which of the following is not one of the physiographic factors affecting the runoff from a
basin?
(a) size of the basin (6) slope of the main stream
(c) antecedent precipitation (d) drainage net work.
132. The relationship between the reduced variate y and the return period T is given by
133. The most commonly used method for reservoir routing is
(a2) Muskingum method (b) Snyders method
(c) Chow’s method (d) Pul’s method.
134. The place which records highest annual rainfall in India
(a) Trivandrum (b) Bombay
(c) Chirrapunji (d) Goa.
135. Enveloping curve is a method
(a) to determine the peak flood (b) to determine the infiltration capacity
(c) to estimate the interception (d) to route the flood through a reservoir.
136. The average atmospheric pressure expressed in millibars is
(a) 10.13 (b) 101.3
(c) 1013 (d) 10130.
137. The average atmospheric pressure expressed in dynes/cm‘? is
(a) 100 (b) 1000
(c) 10° (d) 10°.
138. Relative humidity may be defined as the ratio of
(a) the actual vapour pressure to the saturation vapour pressure
(b) the saturation vapour pressure to the actual vapour pressure
(c) the vapour pressure deficit to the saturation vapour pressure
(d) the saturation vapour pressure to the vapour pressure deficit.
139. Isohyets are
(a) lines joining points of equal rainfall intensity
(b) lines joining points of equal storm duration
(c) lines joining points of equal relative humidity
(d) lines joining points of equal rainfall depth.
140. The moisture useful for plant growth is
(a) capillary water (b) gravity water
(c) hygroscopic water (d) all the above.
141. Darcy’s law gives the velocity of flow in
(a) openchannels (b) pipes
(c) porous medium (d) pumps.
142. Which of the following cannot be used as a humidity measuring device?
(a) Hydrometer (b) Dry and wet bulb themometers
(c) Phychrometer (d) Hygrometer.
143. The number of rain gauges required in a given area to estimate the average depth of rainfall
with a given accuracy
(a) is more if the rainfall is non-uniformly distributed
(b) is less if the rainfall is non-uniformly distributed
(c) is more if the rainfall is uniformly distributed
(d) is independent of the variability of rainfall.
144. The site selected for measurement of snowfall should be
(a) horizontal
(b) open to snowfall and in isolation
(c) sheltered against winds and drifting snow
(d) all the above.
145. The ordinate of the instantaneous unit hydrograph is proportional to
(a) the ordinate of S-curve hydrograph
(b) the slope of S-curve hydrograph
(c) inverse of the ordinate of S-curve hydrograph
(d) inverse of the slope of S-curve hydrograph.
146. S-curve hydrograph derived its name because
(a) it has the deformed S-shape (b) it is proposed by Snyder
(c) it gives the storage of runoff (d) none of the above.
147. S-curve hydrograph can be used only
(a) to obtain unit hydrograph of longer duration from unit hydrograph of shorter duration
(b) to obtain unit hydrograph of shorter duration from unit hydrograph of longer duration
(c) to obtain unit hydrograph of any duration from unit hydrograph of any given duration
(d) to obtain a synthetic unit hydrograph.
148. AS-curve hydrograph is derived from a D-hour unit hydrograph of a basin with a drainage
area of A sq km. The equilibrium discharge ordinate in the S-curve is given by
27.8A 2.78A
149. The ordinate of a direct runoff hydrograph are measured at A t-hour intervals and summed
up as XQ. The area of the catchment is A sq km. Then the depth of runoff d in cm is given by
150. The trap efficiency of a reservoir is a function of
(a) age of the reservoir (b) the reservoir capacity
(c) total inflow (d) (reservoir capacity /total inflow).
151. The standard time at which the daily rainfall is recorded in India is
(a) 7.30 A.M. (b) 8.30 AM.
(c) 9.30 A.M. (d) 5.30 P.M.
152. A spillway is designed for a 5 year flood. What is the probability that the design flood
occurs at least once in the next 5 years?
(a) 0.2 (b)08
(c) 0.672 (ad) 05.
153. The two parameters sufficient to describe the symmetrical normal distribution are
(a) mean and standard deviation (b) mean and range
(c) range and variance (d) mean and kurtosis co-efficient.
154. If the permeability of a porous medium is not same in all the directions then it is known as
(a) thixotropic (b) isoentropic
(c) isotropic (d) anisotropic.
155. Which of the following is preferred for measuring the velocity of flow in a natural stream?
(a) Pitot tube (b) Hot-wire anemometer
(c) Current meter (d) Rod float.
156. The theory of infiltration was enunciated by
(a) Sherman O) (b) Dalton
(c) Darcy O) (d) Horton.
157. Rainfall simulators are used for the determination of
(a) rainfall (b) interception
(c) evaporation (d) infiltration.
158. To which category does the Symon’s rain gauge belong?
(a) tipping-bucket (b) ordinary rain gauge
(c) syphon (d) weighing.
159. The type of recording rain gauge used in India is
(a) weighing type (b) float type
(c) tipping—bucket type (da) none of the above.
160. The Thiessen weights of the four influencing rain gauge stations of a catchment area are 0.1,
0.2, 0.3 and 0.4. If the rainfalls recorded at these gauges are 40, 30, 20 and 10 mm respectively
what is the average depth of rainfall over the basin?
(a) 20 mm (b) 30mm
(c) 40 mm (d) 10mm.
161. The isohyets drawn for a storm yielded the following data:
The average depth of rainfall is equal to
(a) 50 mm (b) 60mm
(c) 70 mm (d) 80mm.
162. Itis predicted that a storm yielding a maximum daily rainfall of 20 cm has a return period of
5 years. Then the place will receive a maximum daily rainfall of 20 cm
(a) one in every five years (6) on the average once in 5 years
(c) four times in every five years (d) none of the above.
163. The depth of flow in a stream at a vertical is 10 m. The velocities measured at 2m and 8m
depth are 0.6 m/s and 0.4 m/s respectively. What is the average velocity for the vertical?
(a) 1 m/s (b) 0.25 m/s
(c) 0.5 m/s (d) 0.75 m/s.
164. The water balance equation for a catchment area in terms of rainfall (P), runoff (R),
evaporation (E) and storage (S) is written as
(a) R=P-E+AS (6) R=P+E+AS
(c) R=E-P+AS (d) P=E-R+AS.
165. In the Muskingum channel routing equation, the sum of the three routing constants C,, C,
and C, should be equal to
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3
(c) 1 (d)3.
166. The units of the constant K in the Muskingum storage equation are
(a) m/s (b) m*/s
(c) hr (dm.
167. The units of the constant x in the Muskingum storage equation are
(a) m (b) m/s
(c) m3/s (d) no units.
168. For channel routing, the Muskingum storage equation is given by
169. The ratio of the total number of streams draining the basin to the basin area is known as
(a) drainage density (b) stream density
(c) drainage efficiency (d) all the above.
170. The ratio of the total lengths of the streams draining the basin to the basin area is known as
(a) drainage density (b) stream density
(c) drainage efficiency (d) stream efficiency.
171. If A and L denote the area of the basin and the length of the main stream, the form factor of
the basin is given by
172. Astorm produced an intensity of 30 mm/hr for a period of 6 hours. If the area of the basin
is 800 km? and average infiltration rate is 5 mm/hour, what is the volume of runoff produced
by the storm in hectare-metres?
(a) 12000 (b) 120
(c) 12 (122.
173. I.M.D. stand for
(a) Indian Mining Department (b) Indian Mineral Deposits
(c) India Meteorological Department C (d) International Monetary Debt.
174. The strange’s table gives the relationship between
(a) temperature and evaporation J (b) rainfall and infiltration
(c) rainfall and runoff (d) runoff and area of the basin.
175. The responsibility of gauging the major rivers in the country lies with
(a) central ground water board
(b) central water commission
(c) central board of irrigation and power
(d) central water agency.
176. Removal of soil particles from the present location is known as
(a) sedimentation (b) saltation
(c) erosion (d) excavation.
177. Ifdandv are the diameter and velocity of rain drop, then the erosive power of the rain drop
is proportional to
178. Removal of soil by small concentration of flowing water is known as
(a) rill erosion (b) gully erosion
(c) sheet erosion (d) channel erosion.
179. Removal of soil from rivulets which are formed due to sufficient accumulation of overland
flow on sloped grounds is known as
(a) rill erosion (b) gully erosion
(c) sheet erosion (d) channel erosion.
180. Wearing away of a thin layer of soil on the land surface, especially between rills mainly by
overland flow is known as
(a) rill erosion (6) gully erosion
(c) sheet erosion (d) channel erosion.
181. Erosion occurring in the stream channels in the form of stream bank erosion and stream bed
degradation is known as
(a) rill erosion (b) gully erosion
(c) sheet erosion (d) channel erosion.
182. Soil particles detatched from the present location are called
(a) gravel (b) sediments
(c) sand (d) none of the above.
183. Sediment carried by flowing water in suspension is known as
(a) suspended load (b) bed load (c) saltation (d) wash load.
184. Sediment carried by water by rolling and sliding along the stream bottom is known as
(a) suspended load (b) bed load
(c) saltation (d) wash load.
184. Sediment carried by water by rolling and sliding along the stream bottom is known as
(a) suspended load (b) bed load
(c) saltation (d) wash load.
185. Sediment carried by water by bouncing along the stream bed is known as
(a) suspended load (b) bed load
(c) saltation (d) wash load.
186. Minute particles of colloidal sizes which always remain in suspension in water and carried
by water are called
(a) suspended load (b) bed load
(c) saltation (d) wash load.
187. If y is the specific weight of water, d is the depth of flow and S, is the bed slope of the
channel, then the tractive stress t, developed in water at the bottom of the channel is given
by
188. If. is the critical tractive stress, the bed load q, per metre width of the stream is given by
(C, is an empirical constant)
189. The ratio of the sediment deposited in the reservoir to the incoming sediment is called
(a) Sediment efficiency of the reservoir (b) Trap efficiency of the reservoir
(c) Erosion efficiency of the catchment (d) None of the above.
190. The sediment laden water with higher density than the surface water in the reservoir flowing
underneath the surface water is called
(a) Eddy current (b) Sediment current
(c) Density current (d) Flush current.
191. The trap efficiency of a reservoir is a function of
(a) ratio of reservoir storage capacity to mean annual runoff volume
(b) ratio of reservoir storage capacity to the square root of the mean annual runoff volume
(c) ratio of reservoir storage capacity to the square of the mean annual runoff volume
(d) ratio of reservoir storage capacity to the logarithm of the mean annual runoff volume.
192. The trap efficiency of a reservoir, after commissioning will
(a) increase with time
(b) decrease with time
(c) increase initially for some time and decrease later
(d) decrease initially for some time and increase later.
193. If the initial specific weight of sediments depositing in a reservoir is y,, the specific weight
after t years is y,, and K is the consolidation coefficient, then
194. The annual flood peak of a stream is estimated to have 50 years and 200 years flood of
2400 m?/s and 3060 m?/s. The 100 years flood of this stream will be close to
(a) 2730 m3/s (b) 2000 m?/s
(c) 3500 m3/s (d) 4000 m3/s.
195. Evaporation may also be viewed as
(a) convection O (b) indirect radiation
(c) indirect cooling ©) (d) indirect sublimation.
196. The idea of the synthetic unit hydrograph was first introduced by
(a) Sherman (b) Darcy
(c) Dalton (d) Snyder.
197. Distribution graph shows the variation of
(a) discharge against time
(b) the percentage of runoff volume over a time interval against time
(c) cumulative infiltration depth with time
(7) cumulative rainfall depth with time.
198. When the temperature is equal to dew point temperature, the existing vapour pressure of
the air e and the saturation vapour pressure e. are related as
199. In reservoir routing discharge is expressed in m?/s and the time is measured in hours. Then
the storage in the reservoir, for the purpose of constructing storage-discharge curve shall be
expressed in
(a) m? (b) cumec-days
(c) cumec-hours (d) million m’.
200. If the annual withdrawal of water from a groundwater basin exceeds the average annual
recharge, then
(a) overdraft is said to occur (b) inferior recharge is said to occur
(c) basin is said to give higher yield (d) none of the above.
