If\i1f0RTANT FOI{MULAE AND RESULTS:

- roR.\lll LAE ()f f L[i\1£NTARY TRIG()NOM ETRY

1. A radian = 57 17'44.8'' (approxi1nately ).

~ right angles = 180 = J[ radian.

11
,, = =-7 = 3. l 416 (approxin1ately).
Radian measure of an angle at the centre of a circle

_ subtendingarc
radius
2 2
I 1. sin 0 + cos 0 = 1 ;
sec 2 0 = l + tan 2 0 ;
cosec 2 0 = l + cot 2 0.

Ill. sin 0 = O·
'
cos O' = 1· tan O = 0.
'
1 ✓3
sin30 =-.
2'
cos30 -- -·
2 '
tan30 -

1 l
sin45 = - · cos45 = - · tan45 =l
✓2' ✓2'

✓3 . l
sin 60 -- .., , cos60 -- . tan 60 = ✓) .
- 2'

sin 90 = l: cos90 = O· tan 90 = oo.

'
 l 11 \.._ JI l • .., • • -
..
xu
co s I 80 === - 1; tan 180 :::: .
sin I80 :::: O: 0
JJ - 1. cos I 5 ==
Jj + I
r;; ~ tan I 5 == 2 _ ✓ .
sin 15 :=: ---:;r:{' 2✓ 2 3
✓ L.

sin J8 == ~ ( Js - 1) ·
IV. sin (-0) == - s in 0;
cos(-B) === cos B; tan
(- 0 ) = - tan 0.
sin(90' - 0 ) == cos0; sin( 90° + e) = cos 0.

cos( 90' - 0) == sin 0; cos( 90° + e) = -s in 0.

tan( 90° - 0) == cot 0; tan(90° + e) = - c o t 0.

sin( 180' - 0) = sin 0; sin ( I 80° + B) = - sin 0.
cos( 180' - 0) = - cos 0; cos( 180° + e) = -cos0.
tan(l80' - 0 ) = - ta n 0 ;
tan( I80° + e) = tan 0.
y
.
sin
all
(positive) (positive)
X'
.1¥
tan
cos
(p o si ti v e )
(JJOSil ir e )
 , •. • .
IM J'L >t( l/\1 '\J I l ' \_II \. IVl \1 1 , . . .

sin ( ~.t + B) =- s i11 ,A ~n s // ~ co s A

sin /J.
v.
n/ J.
sin (A - B) = sin Ac os /J - co sA si

cos{ A+ B) = co s A cos /J - sin A cos /3.

co s( A - B) == co s A co s B + sin A sin B.
ta n A + ta n B .
tan (A + B) = - - - -n-
I - ta n A ta B

_-
_ B) - ta n A-
-
- ta n B .
--
ta n (A
l + ta n At an B

ta n A + ta nB- + ta n C - ta n A ta n Et an C .
- - - - - - - - -----
tan (A + B + C ) = - B
I - ta n B ta n C - ta n C ta n A - ta n A ta n
- B ).
VJ. 2s in A co sB = si n( A+ B) + sin( A
-B ).
2c os A si nB = si n( A + B )- si n( A
B) .
2 cos A cos B = cos ( A + B) + cos ( A -
B) .
2 sin A sin B = cos( A - B) - cos( A+

. . . C+D C- D
VII . sin C + sin D = 2 sin - - c o s - -.
2 2

. . C + D . C-. -D ·
-
s1 nC -s 1n D = 2 c o s2- - s 1 n2-
 . • ~ . • '" I

C +D
cos C + cos D = 2 cos - - co L'
s--
-D
2 2
. C + D . D -C
co sC -c os D = 2 s1 n -- s1 n --
2 2
VIII. sin2A = 2s in A co sA

cos 2A =c os 2 A -s in
. 2 A =l . ?A =2
-2 si n- co s-? A -l
tan2A = 2t an A
l- tan 2 A
. A
Sil l 2 = -2t-
an A
-;
J
l- ta n 2 A
cos 2 A = = - - - ·
I+ tan- A
1 + tan 2 A
1- co s2 A = 2s in 2 A; 1+ co s2 A == 2c os 2 A.
A l- co s2
tan 2 A = -- -- ·
1+c os 2A
IX. si n3 A =3 si nA -4 si n 3 A
cos3A-= 4s in 3 A -3 si nA

3 tan A - tan 3 A
tan3A = , ·
I- 3t an - A

X. . 0 = 2 Si. 0
Si n 0.
ll- CO S-
2 2

cos 0 = cos-., -0 - sin

. -., -0 2 2 0 l I 2sin z
= cos - - = - i.
2 2 //
2 2 /'
 xv

0
2 tan --
tan 0 = - --- -.
l - tan-" -0
'
2

0
l-co s e= 2 s1n --;
. '1 ,0
l + cos 0 = 2 cos- - ·
2 2
XI. lf sin 0 = sin a, then 0 = nn + (-1) 11 a.

If cos0 = cos a , then 0= 2nJr+ a.

If tan 0 = tan a , then 0 = n Jr + a .

· -1 l
XII. sin x+c os -l x=- 1l·
2 '

tan - l x + cot - 1 x = -1 1r .
2
l
sec- 1 x + cosec -l x = -7t ~
2
-I X+y
tan - i x + tan y = tan -l - -·
l-xy

X y
tan -1 x - tan -l y = tan -I .

l + xy
X + y + Z - xy:
tan - I
,. +
- \.
tan -\
y + tan -I
== an ~ - -
t -\ - _ .- -. . \ -
' --
l ..... -
--
\ - .\ V
.,,.
 fl •v ~
(I
h •

log n,'1 == n log 0 1n ;

(I
log" m = lo g h m x log
u 6•
log o I = 0 ' loga a = 1 .

a b-
XIV. s in A -s in B
= c =2R
sinC
1 ,
b- + c- - a- ., "'I .,

c- + a- - b 2
cosA = ; cosB=----
2bc 2ca
"'I

a-+ b- - c- ") ,.,

cosC = - - - - ·
2ab
a= bcosC + c c o sB ;
b = ccosA + acosC.
c = a cos B + b cos A .

. A (s-b)(s-c)_
S il l- = A
C O S -=
s( s - a)
2 be '
2 be
ta n A = (s-b}(s-c)
2 s(s-a)

s in A = : Js(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) = 2L1.
c r;---:--:--
sinB=~Js(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) be
---

= 2,1.
ca
sinC=~ ✓s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) = ~ -
ab