Quectel Wireless Solutions
Masterclass: Cellular RF Validation
Nicolas Lemoine
RF Validation Process
▪ Each Quectel module is fully validated, qualified and certified
▪ If module integration into the end device is done properly following design rules,
there’s limited risk to not pass any certifications
▪ To verify that the end product RF functionality and performance are compliant
with standards, any customer can put in place his own RF validation process
▪ RF validation can be done on prototypes manually or/and with an automated test
program, then verification can be also applied at the factory for each device
produced
▪ RF verification coverage at customer production can be adjusted, this depends on
quality level target, cost, available equipment and experience. At least need to
check systematically if the various components (e.g. module, antenna) are
correctly assembled with AOI, visual inspection, X-ray, functional and even RF
parametric tests.
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Development to Production Processes
Module
integration
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Advantages of Integrating an RF Module
at Certification Level
▪ Final device can leverage most of the test results from certified
module, like conducted RF and protocol.
▪ Roughly, for regulatory part we can consider 30% cases leveraged, for
conformance and Carrier certifications, depending on exact
certification, it could be leveraged from 50%~100%.
▪ So it is a huge advantage to integrate a qualified and certified module.
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Overview of Certification Types
Regulatory/Compulsory Industry/Conformance Operator/Carrier
Certification Certification Certification
www.quectel.com
Regulatory
Certification
Global Regulatory Certification
Europe Belarus
Canada Russia
Ukraine
Serbia Japan
US Azerbaijan
Uzbekistan
Morocco
Israel Korea
Bahrain Pakistan China
Egypt Taiwan
Mexico U.A.E Thailand
Saudi Arabia Philippines
Venezuela Vietnam
Colombia Singapore Malaysia
Ecuador
Peru Indonesia
Brazil
Test according to standard Bolivia
Australia
Accept certification that Chile
Uruguay
recognized by foreign South Africa
certification bodies Argentina
New Zealand
Page 9
CE(RED) Test Reports at Module Level
Example with the LPWA module BG95-M3
Radiated Emission Test setup
Conducted Emission Test Setup
Electrostatic Test Setup
Electromagnetic Field (RS) Test Setup
Top/Bottom module photo, shield removed
Radiated Spurious Emission Test setup
EMC TEST REPORT
SAFETY TEST REPORT
EMF TEST REPORT
2G RF TEST REPORT
LTE CatM1 RF TEST REPORT
LTE NB-IoT RF TEST REPORT
GNSS RF TEST REPORT
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Conformance/Industrial
Certification
Conformance/Industrial Certification
For Conformance certification like GCF & PTCRB, 4 main parts are
covered at module level:
1. Protocol
2. Radio Resource Management (RRM)
3. RF Parametric Testing
4. Field Test
Lead time is 6~10 weeks
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Carrier/Operator
Certification
Operator/Carrier Certification
▪ In addition to Telecom Industry Certification, network operators can execute additional
testing/performance targets specific to their network configuration
▪ Performance targets are usually specified as TRP and TIS
▪ Additional antennas can be mandatory for LTE CAT1 and often for above categories
▪ Each operator has their own unique requirements, so it is important to talk to your intended carrier early
to solidify the proper requirements and required certification testing
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Which Cellular
Specifications ?
Cellular Specifications are defined by 3GPP
3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project, hosted by 7
telecommunications standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS,
CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC), known as “Organizational Partners” and
provides their members with a stable environment to produce the
Reports and Specifications that define 3GPP technologies.
The project covers cellular telecommunications technologies, including
radio access, core network and service capabilities, which provide a
complete system description for mobile telecommunications. The 3GPP
specifications also provide hooks for non-radio access to the core
network, and for interworking with non-3GPP networks.
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How to find any 3GPP
cellular specification?
3GPP Specifications
https://www.3gpp.org/
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3GPP Specifications
https://www.3gpp.org/specifications/specification-numbering
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3GPP RF Specifications
Dedicated Cellular Specification per RAT !
2G
3G
4G
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5G
LTE
3GPP Specifications
Click here
www.quectel.com
3GPP Specifications
▪ LTE FDD & TDD in the same
specification!
▪ LTE Standard & Advanced in
Click here
the same specification!
▪ LTE C-V2X, CatM1 and NB-IoT
also managed in the same
specification!
www.quectel.com
3GPP Specifications
www.quectel.com
Specification can be downloaded
3GPP Specifications here in pdf and word format
www.quectel.com
5G
3GPP Specifications
5G NR FDD & TDD in the same
specification, but FR1 and FR2 are
defined in a separate specification
Click here
www.quectel.com
3GPP Specifications
FR1
Click here
www.quectel.com
3GPP Specifications
FR1
www.quectel.com
Specification can be downloaded
3GPP Specifications here in pdf and word format
FR1
www.quectel.com
3GPP Specifications
FR2
Click here
www.quectel.com
3GPP Specifications
FR2
www.quectel.com
Specification can be downloaded
3GPP Specifications here in pdf and word format
FR2
www.quectel.com
Cellular RF Specification Overview
Vocabulary ➔ https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/121900_121999/121905/17.01.00_60/tr_121905v170100p.pdf
GSM/GPRS/EGPRS ➔ https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/151000_151099/15101001/13.13.00_60/ts_15101001v131300p.pdf
UMTS (FDD) ➔ https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/134100_134199/13412101/16.02.00_60/ts_13412101v160200p.pdf
UMTS (TDD) ➔ https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/134100_134199/134122/11.13.00_60/ts_134122v111300p.pdf
LTE (FDD & TDD) ➔ https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136500_136599/13652101/17.02.00_60/ts_13652101v170200p.pdf
5G NR (FR1 FDD & TDD) ➔ https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/138500_138599/13852101/17.04.01_60/ts_13852101v170401p.pdf
5G NR (FR2 TDD only) ➔ https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/138500_138599/13852102/16.11.00_60/ts_13852102v161100p.pdf
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Various Telecommunication
Technologies Managed in the same Specification
For instance in LTE, the options like Cat0, Cat1 bis, M1, M2, NB1, NB2,
V2X, Prose are managed in the same Technical Specification but
different use cases and requirements are defined.
The options CA, UL-MIMO and Dual Connectivity are also distinguished
with specific suffix (a to g) as defined here below:
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3GPP Test Cases: LTE Chapters
www.quectel.com
3GPP Test Cases:
5G NR FR1 (FDD+TDD) + FR2 (TDD) chapters
FR2 is in mmWave region above 24GHz !!!
All the test performed in radiated mode !!!
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RF Validation
Test Plan
RF Validation Test Plan
1. Which RATs?
2. Which Category or Class ? How many antennas?
3. Which power classes?
4. Which bands?
5. Several RF systems running in parallel ?
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RF Validation Test Plan
1. Which RATs?
✓GSM ?
✓GPRS ?
✓EGPRS ?
✓UMTS ? FDD or/and TDD ?
✓LTE ? FDD or/and TDD ?
✓5G NR ? FDD or/and TDD ? NSA or SA ? FR1 or/and FR2 ?
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RF Validation Test Plan
2. Which Category or Class?
GSM/GPRS/EGPRS :
Most of the modules supports GPRS/EGPRS class 33
i.e. 6 slots max: 5x Rx slots max / 4x Tx slots max
Multislot GPRS power reduction allowed !
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RF Validation Test Plan
2. Which Category? How many antennas? Number of antennas
LTE Category
LTE :
Category: CatM1/M2, CatNB1/NB2, Cat1, Cat1 bis, Cat4, …,
Cat 21,…, Cat 26
LTE Rx sensitivity test cases consider 2 antennas by default, if more
antennas then the limit is more stringent (e.g. 4 antennas :-2.2 dB/-2.7dB,
8 antennas : -4 dB)
Device LTE Cat 1 by default supports 2 antennas, but only 1
accepted for certification, except for carrier certification Telstra in
Australia. Cat1 bis supports only 1 antenna by essence.
www.quectel.com
RF Validation Test Plan
3. Which power classes?
✓ 2G: most of the modules support GSM/GPRS power class 4 (+33dbm/2W) for low bands and
class 1 (+30 dBm/1W) for high bands; EGPRS power class E2 (+27dbm/0.5W) for low bands and
class E2 (+26dBm/0.4w) for high bands
✓ UMTS: most of the modules support UMTS power class 3 (+24dBm/0.25W) or 3bis
(23dBm/0.2W), but the Low and high limits remain the same with +20.3dBm / +25.7dBm
✓ LTE standard and advanced: most of the modules support LTE power class 3 (23dBm/0.2W)
✓ LTE LPWA: the modules can support various power classes with class 2 (26dBm/0.4W), class 3
(+23dBm/0.2W) and class 5 (20dBm/0.1W). Quectel modules declared with power class 5 deliver
higher power with nominal value of +21dBm!
www.quectel.com
RF Validation Test Plan
3. Which power classes?
✓ 5G (FR1): most of the 5G modules support power class 3 (23dBm/0.2W), and class 2 (26dBm/0.4W), here class 2 is
considered as HPUE feature but can be only effective for single carrier
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RF Validation Test Plan
3. Which power classes?
✓ 5G (FR2):
EIRP and TRP Spherical coverage
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
(single band)
Class 4
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RF Validation Test Plan 3GPP defined Supplementary Uplink or
Downlink channels, so Rx or Tx cannot be
tested
4. Which bands ?
For each band the min/max BW can be
✓ 2G: GSM850, EGSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900 different, the lowest and highest channels
would be shifted accordingly
✓ UMTS:
✓ FDD: [I:XXII],XXV,XXVI, XXXII
✓ TDD: A(33,34) , B(35,36), C(37), D(38), E(40), F(39)
✓ LTE:
✓ FDD: [1:32],53,[65:76],85,87,88
✓ TDD: [33:48],50,51,53
✓ 5G SA/NSA:
✓ FR1 (sub6GHz): [n1:n8],n12,n14,n20,[n24:n26], [n28:n30], n34,[n38:n41],[n46:n48],n50,n51,n53,n65,n66,n70,n71,[n74:n84]
,n86,[n95:n99]
✓ FR2 (mmw): n257,n258,259,n260,n261
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RF Validation Test Plan
6. Several RF systems running in parallel?
✓Cellular
To ensure that antennas coupling is limited, with
✓GNSS minimum isolation of 15 dB, passive test with VNA or RF
generator/analyzer to be performed
✓Wi-Fi
✓Bluetooth
✓ISM bands @ 433MHz or 868MHZ: (e.g. Lora, proprietary protocol)
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Test Coverage for your Device ?
Which features?
You can refer to the documents “Module specification” and “Module
Hardware Design Guide”, to know the main features (RATs, bands,
GNSS, …)
For very detailed information you can also ask for PICS PIXIT document
listing the overall features of the module
www.quectel.com
RF Validation
• Functional RF test with test on real network
• Conducted:
• RF parametric test (e.g. Tx power, Tx spectrum, Tx Modulation Quality, Rx
level, Rx sensitivity)
• Spurious emission test (CSE)
• Radiated:
• RF parametric test (e.g. TRP, TIS) Anechoic chamber and
• Spurious emission test (RSE) calibrated antennas required !
www.quectel.com RF simulator is required!
Functional RF Test
▪ Attachment to the real network with operator SIM card or eSIM
▪ In this use case you can check if the device is detecting the Network, if the
device attach to the Network, if a voice call or data transfer can be initiated
▪ Sanity check can be done with AT commands, you can read RF parameters
like RSSI, RSRP and RSRQ, but no accurate RF parametric test can be done,
because it depends on the device position vs Radio Access Network (RAN),
the electromagnetic propagation, the surrounding disturbance and the
RAN configuration (antenna position)
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Rx Measurement with AT Command
Thanks to AT commands (standardized 3GPP + Quectel proprietary),
you can get details on NW configuration and Rx parameters
Ex: AT+QENG="servingcell"
EARFCN
TAC
RSRQ RSSI
SINR srxlev State RAT Mode MCC MNC CellID PCI Band DL BW
RSRP
UL BW
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Others AT Commands
Here below the list of other AT commands which can be used to diagnostic
the NW or/and quality of the Rx signal:
✓AT+QENG="neighbourcell" ➔ RAT, EARFCN, PCI, RSRQ, RSRP, RSSI, SINR,
srxlev, ….
✓AT+QCSQ ➔ RAT, RSSI,RSRP,SINR,RSRQ
✓AT+CSQ ➔ RSSI (0-31), RxQual (0-7)
✓AT+QNWINFO ➔ RAT, operator, band, EARFCN Registration
✓AT+COPS? ➔ Operator, mode (auto,manual,…), format, RAT status
✓AT+CREG? or AT+CEREG? ➔LAC, CellID, RAT
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Parametric RF Test
Parametric RF test can be performed with base station simulator provide by
various companies (e.g. R&S CMW500, Anritsu MT882x, Keysight UXM, …).
2 main modes can be applied:
1) Signaling test
2) Non-signaling test: Factory Test mode (FTM)
A third mode named « Reduced Signaling » can be also used but it is mainly managed
by chipset providers for faster testing and getting RF calibration data taken into
account, as it is the case in signaling mode.
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Signaling RF Test - LTE
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Signaling RF Test – 5G NR NSA 5G NSA (UP: Data only)
LTE anchor
(CP+UP:
signaling +
Data)
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Factory Test Mode (FTM) RF Test
▪ Quectel develops and provides to any customer AT command manual
dedicated to Factory Test Mode (FTM),
▪ FTM mode is a non-signaling mode, with a reduced protocol (e.g. no
channel control mechanism, no acknowledge), SIM card is not
required,
▪ FTM can be used for RF sanity check and for RF test at production,
but you cannot get the same results as in signaling mode because
calibration data are not taken into account leading to a higher
dispersion, so you cannot fully judge if the device is compliant with
3GPP in this mode
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Factory Test Mode (FTM) RF Test
AT commands commonly developped by Quectel:
1. AT+QRFTESTMODE/QRFTEST/AT+QRFTESTNR5G
a) <mode>= 0=>Exit FTM (Online mode)
b) <mode>= 1=>enter FTM
2. AT+QRFTEST/QRFTESTNR5G : Tx signal generation
a) GSM ➔ AT+QRFTEST=<band>,<channel>,<tx_enable>,<tx_burst>,<tx_gain> or <rgi>
b) WCDMA ➔ AT+QRFTEST=<band>,<channel>,<tx_enable>,<tx_pdm_adj>,<waveform>
c) LTE ➔ AT+QRFTEST=<band>,<channel>,<tx_enable>,<tx_gain_index>,<waveform>
d) LTE-M ➔ AT+QRFTEST=<band>,<channel>,<tx_enable>,<rgi>,<waveform>
e) NB-IoT ➔ AT+QRFTEST=<band>,<channel>,<tx_enable>,<rgi>,<waveform>,<ul_offset>,<mod_type>,<power>,<tone_bw>,<tone_idx>
f) LTE advanced ➔ AT+QRFTEST="tx",<band>,<bw>,< channel>,<tx_enable>,<tx_power>[,<LTE_startRB>,<LTE_numRB>,<waveform>]
g) 5GNR ➔ AT+QRFTESTNR5G="tx",<type>,<band>,<bw>,<channel>,<tx_relate>,<tx_enable>,<RGI>,<PAbias>,<PA current>
3. AT+QRXFTM: Rx signal measurement
a) GSM/WCDMA/LTE ➔ AT+QRXFTM=<mode>,<band>,<channel>,<path>,<LNA>,<BW>
b) LTE advanced ➔ AT+QRFTEST="rx",<type>,<band>,<bw>,<channel>,<chain_idx>,<expected_rxagc>
c) 5G NR ➔ AT+QRFTESTNR5G="rx",<type>,<band>,<bw>,<channel>,<chain_idx>,<expected_rxagc>,<tx_relate>
www.quectel.com
Factory Test Mode (FTM) RF Test: Rx
Here example of RF simulator CMW500 RF
generator settings, but the same Rx test can
be implemented with a simple RF generator
as only CW waveform required
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Factory Test Mode (FTM) RF Test: Tx
▪ RF Tx test can be performed with a simple RF analyzer or power meter
▪ To pay attention that the tx gain has to be set, but in this mode we cannot generate accurate calibrated Tx power,
furthermore especially in GSM/GPRS/EGPRS, the PA is running full time whereas in signaling mode the max duty cycle is
50%, so to do not set a too high gain and to do not activate it too long time else the PA can abnormally heat, aging could be
accelerated reducing the product life time, or even could be damaged
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Conducted Spurious Emission Test Setup
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Network
Setting: RAT, band, channel, BW, modulation, Tx power
simulator
RSE Test Setup
Notch filter Tx carrier
signaling or HPF spurious
Noise
Tx carrier
Tx spurious
Noise
Absorbant
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Why Notch Filter and Pre-amplifier ?
1. Notch or high pass filter: to reject the carrier, to avoid Spectrum
Analyzer saturation
2. Pre-amplifier : to get lower the noise floor level,
spurious from -36 dBm to be detected
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Minimum Distance for Far field Measurement
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EIRP: Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (max gain in one direction)
TRP: Total Radiated Power (sum of all the angles)
EIS: Effective Isotropic Sensitivity (one direction)
TIS: Total Isotropic Sensitivity (sum of all the angles)
mmW / New Test Paradigm / OTA Testing
mmW RF testing has to be fully managed with Other the Air (OTA) techniques, because at
such high frequency, signal-absorption rates are much higher, requiring the need for
directional transmissions/reception (beamforming) to boost the gain. So RF test solution
companies like Anritsu, R&S, Keysight are proposing full OTA setup with shielded chamber,
antenna and reflecter (reflecter is used for limiting the size of the chamber), antenna position
controller and up and down converters. For NSA, existing equipment can be reused as LTE
anchor on top of new test equipment for managing 5G NR.
GUI of Anritsu MX800010A:
65
AT&T Radiated Test Requirements
Secondary only
Example: LTE Category 1 and above (Free-Space)
Primary only
www.quectel.com C-TIS stands for Combined (Primary + Secondary antennas)
Automated RF Test Program
Automated RF Test Program
▪ RF simulator providers line R&S, Anritsu, Keysight provide automated test tools
▪ You can use pre-defined sequences, or define your own sequences
▪ You can also control external devices like power supply, Thermal chamber, RF analyzer, RF generator
▪ You can also develop your proprietary automated tool by integrating SCPI commands in various languages (C,
Python, Labview, …)
Thermal Chamber/Thermostream
PC GPIB, Ethernet, USB
RF ports
RF simulator
Automated
Test program UE
GPIB Power Voltage
supply
GPIB, Ethernet, USB
USB, UART: AT command
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Quectel Certification
and Test Service
Superiority and Values
Experience Professionalism
• Global View on • Pre-testing service in
Certification Demands Quectel Lab
• Diversified Products • Technical Support &
• Minimize Risks Debugging Solution
• Global On-site Support
Cooperation Efficiency
• Full Project Management • Time-to-market
• Long Term Cooperation with turnaround
accelerated
3rd party labs
• With almost no effort
• Great Relationship with mobile
from customer side
network operators
Page 70
Achievements of Global Certification Team
1100
Global certification team includes 30 people with
geographic local support 2021
738
Dedicated for customer certification service 2700+ Certificates
Achieved
team 5 people 2020
599
Dedicated for North America
certification 20 people
2019
358
2018
Page 71
Quectel Laboratory
6000+
Test Equipment
4500+m 2
Total Laboratory
Area
2700+
Global
Certifications
Achieved
Page 72
Test Service Items
RF Test Notes Reliability Test Notes
2G RF Low/High Temperature Performance Test
3G RF
Low/High Temperature Storage
4G RF
4G 2CA RF Steady-State Temperature-Humidity Life Test
4G 3CA RF Cycled Temp-humidity Test
4G 4CA RF Temperature Cycle
4G 5CA RF High Temperature Operating Life
5G Sub 6G Thermal Shock
2/3/4G
Thermal Step
Data Rate 4G CA
5G Sub6
Sinusoidal Vibration Test
Conducted spurious emission 2/3/4G Droping Test
WIFI/BT Tumbling Test
2/3/4G
RSE Test
5G Sub6
2/3/4G
CSE or Co-Existence
5G Sub6
2G/3G/4G OTA
WIFI OTA
5G Sub 6G OTA
5G mmWave OTA
Antenna Passive Test
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Test Service Items
EMC Test Notes Safety Test Notes
2/3/4G General requirements
Radiated Emission Test(RE)
5G Sub6 Electrically-caused injury
2/3/4G Electrically-caused fire
Conducted Emission Test(CE)
5G Sub6 Injury caused by hazardous substances
2/3/4G Mechanically-caused injury
Harmonic Current Emissions(HCE)
5G Sub6 Thermal burn injury
2/3/4G Radiation
Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker(VFF)
5G Sub6 Normal operating condition tests, abnormal
Radiated Immunity Test(RI) 2/3/4G operating condition testsand single fault
Conducted Immunity Test(CI) 2/3/4G condition tests
CDM Equipment markings, instructions, and
ESD Test instructional safeguards
HBM(IEC61000-4-2)
2/3/4G Components
SURGE Test(SUG) Overvoltage categories
5G Sub6
2/3/4G Safety interlocks
EFT Test Disconnect devices
5G Sub6
2/3/4G Equipment containing batteries and their
PQF Test protection circuits
5G Sub6
BCI Test 2/3/4G Measurement of creepage distances and
clearances
Safeguards against conductive objects
Circuits intended for interconnection with
building wiring
Tests for resistance to heat and fire
Mechanical strength tests
www.quectel.com Determination of accessible parts
Test Service Items
Pre-Certication(RF) Notes Debugging Notes
2/3/4G Normal
SRRC Audio
5G Sub6 Vehicle
2/3/4G EMC
CE
5G Sub6 Antenna
2/3/4G RF
FCC
5G Sub6
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Quectel Antenna
Services
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Why Quectel?
Vertical
Solutions for the
Integration of
Entire Wireless RF
Antenna
Front End
Resources
Antenna
Complete RF Engineering Approved for use
Module
Antenna Support with Quectel
Testing Services Modules
Global One Stop
Engineering Support
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Acronyms
• 3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project • GPRS : General Packet Radio Service • RSE : Radiated Spurious Emission
• AOI: Automated Optical Inspection • GSM : Global System for Mobile Communications • RSRP : Reference Signal Received Power
• BCI: Bulk Current Injection • LTE : long Term Evolution • RSRQ : Reference Signal Received Quality
• BHH: Beside Head and Hand • MCL: Maximum Coupling Loss • RSSI : Received Signal Strength Indicator
• CA: Carrier-Aggregation • MPL:Maximum Path Loss • TDD : Time Division Duplex
• CC: Component Carrier • MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output • TD-SCDMA: Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple
Access
• CE: Conformité Européenne • MPE: Maximum Permissible Exposure
• TR: Technical Report
• CP: Control Plane; Cyclic Prefix (OFDM) • MPR: Maximum Power Reduction
• TS: Technical Specification
• CSE : Conducted Spurious Emission • NF : Noise Figure
• SA: Standalone
• C-TIS: Combined TIS • NSA : Non Stand Alone
• SAR: Specific Absorption Rate
• CW : Continuous Wave • OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
• SCS: Subcarrier Spacing
• 5G NR : 5G New Radio • PAM : Power Amplifier Module
• SNR: Signal Noise Ratio
• EFT: Electrical Fast Transient • PICS : Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
• TFC: Transport Format Combination
• EGPRS/EDGE : Enhanced GPRS • PQF: Power Quality Fail
• TRS/TIS: Total Radiated (Isotropic) Sensitivity
• EMC : Electromagnetic compatibility • PIXIT : Protocol Implementation Conformance
Extra Information for Testing • UP: User Plane
• EMF : ElectroMagnetic Field
• RAT : Radio Access Technology • UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• EMI : Electromagnetic Interference
• RAN: Radio Access Network • VNA: Vector Network Analyzer
• FDD : Frequency Division Duplex
• RED : Radio Equipment Directive • WCDMA : Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
• FTM: Factory Test Mode
• RFFE : RF Front End
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We are a global IoT solutions provider, backed by
outstanding support and services, that help to
build a smarter world.
• Unbeatable choice from the broadest module portfolio in the world
• High quality range of off-the-shelf and customized antennas
• Providing Connectivity-as-a-Service
• Superb support with the largest R&D team in the industry
• Continuous innovation – in 5G, LPWA, CV2X, Smart Modules
• A passionate, dedicated team of “Quectelers” ensure our customers
always come first
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Tel: +86 21 5108 6236 Sales Support: [email protected]
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