Reflection Paper
Foundations of Curriculum
Philosophical Foundations
Philosophy is at the heart of curriculum development. It helps educators in formulating
beliefs, arguments, and assumptions and in making value judgments. Philosophy develops a
broad outlook, and it also helps in answering what schools are for, what subjects are important,
how students should learn, and what materials and methods should be used.
The philosophical foundation of curriculum helps determine the driving purpose of education, as.
curriculum, philosophy presents the manner of thinking from which those goals are created.
vacant vessel to an individual worthy of actively engaging in one's own educational process.
It helps educators in formulating beliefs, arguments, and assumptions and in making value
judgments. Philosophy develops a broad outlook, and it also helps in answering what schools are
for, what subjects are important, how students should learn, and what materials and methods
should be used.
Psychological Foundations – My Report
Legal Foundations
A teacher had great responsibility as they respond to the needs of students and helping
them overcome their weaknesses and know their strength. It is a profession but for me it is more
on responsibility that every teacher should be aware of. As they influence the lives of students,
they must be responsible for whatever outcome that the learner’s acquired. Teachers may have
been given the right to teach students but there is a law that must be followed namely the R.A.
7836 or ‘Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994. It stipulates dos and don’ts by
teachers to avoid the abuse of power and prevent negative circumstances in school. It is a law
that will always remind the teachers to be professional in the way they speak, think and act.
Also, it serves as a framework to guide us as future educators to exercise our rights as well as to
the students, parents, teaching and non-teaching staff. These legal bases promote also our
limitations in the field of our profession so that we can avoid the overusing of our authority
inside the classroom.
It is important for us to be knowledgeable on the legal bases because it serves as a guide
for us future educators on how to properly deal with our students. Legal bases are provisions that
gives limitations to both the teacher and students to avoid instances that may violate the rights of
the two parties. Understanding these legal bases could help us in knowing what are the things
that a teacher must do and vice versa.
Another preliminary note important for teachers to consider is that law not only limits and
regulates your actions as a teacher, but it also protects and empowers you as a teacher. Teachers
retain their rights as citizens in a public-school environment, but those rights are altered.
Historical- Sociological Foundations
Teacher should be committed to society. He/she should know the main institution and
powers that mainly influence a student. He/she should know the instruments of social
development, available in extramural environment. He/she should have capacity to use this
knowledge in school Education. A teacher should know about the process of socialization among
students ,
The method of interaction and programs for social development
According to educational sociology, Curriculum is organized so that it may help in
achievement of social aims. The social progress of the society and the nation depends upon the
curriculum in the schools and colleges. due to this reason the sociologist consider it is essential
to organize the curriculum carefully and properly. In the word of eminent educationist,
"Education is not to be confined to the study of a few subjects alone is to be present any
epitomized study of the diversified social life.
Sociology and Education as two branches of knowledge, concerned essentially with man
and his life. Relationship between sociology and education has always been a subject of debate.
Education and sociology are mutually interrelated and interdependent disciplines. They are so
closely intertwined and interconnected that their subject matter and method of study are often
overlapped to a great extent. All societies have their own ways and means of meeting this need.
Education as a process has come to stay as an effective means of meeting this need. Education
does not only transmit the past cultural heritage, it is meant to help in the reconstruction of our
modes of living .It may help in developing new social patterns in the areas of health, leisure,
vocation and family life. Reconstruction and adaptation are necessary but of scientific
developments, industrialization, and technological advancements, which are disturbing the urban
as well as rural pattern of living.
Curriculum Planning
Curriculum Sources and Influences
Tyler (1949) identified three major sources of curriculum: subject matter, society,
and learners. Accordingly, these curriculum sources need to be considered and examined to
identify the four elements of curriculum: goals, content, learning, experience, and
evaluation.
It is important to understand the nature of the subject matter in order to provide
knowledge and skills that are essential to the nature of the discipline. This also helps in selecting
and designing curriculum contents. Likewise, it is important to have a clear understanding of the
nature of society in developing a curriculum. This provides a more comprehensive idea of the
needs, demands, and problems of society, and the available resources that can be utilized in the
development and implementation of the curriculum (Tyler 1949).
In short, society, as one of the curriculum sources, provides information about the
context in which the curriculum will be used. This is important to make the curriculum more
relevant and responsive. Understanding the nature of the learners is also important in
curriculum development. Understanding the learners includes knowing their needs, nature, and
interest, learning styles, and thinking styles. It also includes knowing the various issues and
problems about them. The learners are the direct subject of the school curriculum.
Hence, making the learners as one of the curriculum sources is important in selecting the
learning experience for the curriculum.
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it is important to analyze how curriculum implemented because is the guide to inform the
teachers what skills must be taught at each grade level. The curriculum will also inform the
teachers to create ideas and strategies to assess student progress.
It also help educators determine what type of curriculum design is appropriate for their
students and their learning goals.
