PROPER WASTE SEGREGATION COMPLIANCE OF G-12 SHS STUDENTS

A Research
Presented to
Calbayog City National High School
Senior High School Department
Calbayog City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Course Requirement in

Researchers

MAY 2023
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII – Eastern Visayas
Schools Division of Calbayog City
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCHOOL ID: 313801
P2 Bgy. Hamorawon, Calbayog City, Western Samar 6710 . Tel Nos. PLDT-(055) 209-1535
Email: [email protected], [email protected]

PROPER WASTE SEGREGATION COMPLIANCE OF G-12 STUDENTS

A Research
Presented to
Calbayog City National High School
Senior High School Department
Calbayog City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Course Requirement in

Presented by:

Layson, Jeffrey Manguardia, Jorlyn

MAY 2023

ii
 Table of Contents

Content Page

Cover page

Introduction 4

Theoretical Framework 6

Conceptual Framework 7

Statement of the Problem 9

Scope and Limitation 10

Significance of the Study 11

Definition of Terms 13

Review of Related Literature and Studies 14

Methodology 19

3
 CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction

Proper waste segregation is a crucial aspect of effective waste management and

environmental sustainability. With the growing concern for environmental protection and

the need to address the challenges of increasing waste generation, according to the

World Bank, global solid waste generation is expected to increase by 70% from 2016

levels by 2050, reaching 3.4 billion tons annually (World Bank, 2018), the

implementation of proper waste segregation practices has become more important than

ever. Waste segregation involves the systematic separation of different types of waste

materials at the source, facilitating their appropriate handling, recycling, and disposal.

The Republic Act No. 9003, also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

of 2000, is a legislative measure enacted by the government of the Philippines. This law

establishes the policy and guidelines for a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological

approach to solid waste management in the country. It emphasizes the creation of

institutional mechanisms and promotes practices such as waste segregation, recycling,

and proper disposal to minimize the environmental impact of waste.

A survey conducted by the local government revealed that only 30% of

households in Calbayog City practice proper waste segregation, highlighting the need

for improved waste management education and compliance (Calbayog City Local

Government Unit, 2021). In educational institutions, such as Calbayog City National

High School (CCNHS), instilling responsible waste management practices among

12 students, being the senior level of the high school, play a significant role in

influencing waste management behaviors within the school premises. Understanding

their compliance with proper waste segregation practices is crucial for developing

targeted interventions and fostering a culture of responsible waste management among

students.

5
Theoretical Framework

Republic Act No. 9003, also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management

Act of 2000, is a Philippine law that aims to promote and implement sustainable solid

waste management practices in the country. It was enacted on January 26, 2001, and

has since become a crucial legislation in addressing the growing waste management

challenges in the Philippines. The primary objective of RA 9003 is to minimize the

generation of solid waste and promote the proper segregation, collection, transportation,

and disposal of waste materials. It recognizes the importance of waste reduction,

recycling, and composting as key strategies to achieve sustainable waste management.

The law emphasizes the principles of ecological solid waste management, which

include waste avoidance and volume reduction, source separation, and the

establishment of an integrated waste management system.

According to Philips, Keiski, and Pongrácz (2004), the Theory of Waste

Management emphasizes the importance of preventing waste from causing harm to

human health and the environment while promoting optimal resource use. Waste

Management Theory is considered a comprehensive field of knowledge that revolves

around waste and its proper management. It is based on the belief that waste

management should align with the principles of Industrial Ecology, which can

incorporate goals and values related to waste minimization and resource optimization.

The theory acknowledges that poor waste management practices can have

6
negative impacts on both the environment and human health. It also suggests that

students coming from affluent families, with high socio-economic backgrounds, and

residing in communities with favorable conditions may be less affected by the

consequences of inadequate waste management.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: The study aims to investigate the level of awareness and compliance of Grade

12 SHS students regarding proper waste segregation. It focuses on two research

questions: the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, and monthly family

income, and the level of compliance with waste segregation practices related to reuse,

reduce, recycle, recover, and rethink. The process involves selecting a representative

sample of students using random sampling. A well-designed questionnaire, clear and

concise, is administered to the selected students after obtaining ethical clearance. The

collected data is analyzed to assess compliance levels and interpret the findings. The

study's outputs recommend placing labeled waste bins, providing visible signage and

instructions, using visual aids, organizing educational programs, and establishing

partnerships with waste management organizations. These actions aim to improve

waste segregation practices among Grade 12 SHS students based on the study's

insights.

7
 Figure 1

Input Process Output

This study aims to determine the level of  Place clearly labeled waste bins throughout the
 Use a random sampling technique to select a
awareness and compliance of G-12 SHS students school premises, distinguishing different types of
representative sample of students from the target
toward proper waste segregation. waste (e.g., recyclables, organic waste, non-
population.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following: recyclables).
 Design a questionnaire that includes questions  Display visible signage and instructions on
1. What is the profile of the respondents in
related to waste segregation practices. Ensure the waste bins to guide students on proper waste
terms:
segregation.
questionnaire is clear, concise, and
a) Age.  Include visual aids or icons to assist students in
understandable for the participants. identifying the correct bin for different types of
b) Sex, and
waste.
 Obtain ethical clearance and necessary
c) Monthly family income.
 Conduct educational programs to inform
permissions from relevant authorities, such as
2. What is the level of compliance of GA students about the importance of waste
students towards proper waste segregation school administrators and ethics committees. segregation and its environmental impacts.
in terms of:  Establish partnerships with local waste
 Administer the finalized questionnaire to the
management clubs or organizations specializing
2.1 Reuse selected Grade 12 SHS students. Interpret the
in waste segregation and recycling.
2.2 Reduce findings based on the data analysis.
 Organize recycling campaigns, workshops, or
2.3 Recycle  Analyze the level of compliance with proper waste events that focus on waste management and
segregation among Grade 12 SHS students. environmental conservation.
2.4 Recover

2.5 Rethink

8
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the level of awareness and compliance of G-12

SHS students toward proper waste segregation.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms:

a) Age.

b) Sex,

c) Monthly family income and

2. What is the level of compliance of GA students towards proper waste

segregation in terms of:

2.1 Reuse

2.2 Reduce

2.3 Recycle

2.4 Recover

2.5 Rethink

3. Is there a significant relationship between the respondent’s compliance toward

proper waste segregation?

4. Based on the findings, what recommendations can be proposed?

9
Scope and Limitation

The scope of this research is limited to G-12 SHS students at Calbayog City National

High School, specifically investigating their adherence to correct waste segregation practices

within the school grounds. The study does not encompass wider aspects of waste management,

such as waste collection and disposal.

This research has several limitations that need to be acknowledged. Firstly, the

cooperation of the participants in distributing the questionnaires may be a potential

challenge. It is crucial to ensure their active involvement and willingness to provide

accurate responses. Additionally, the validity of the answers obtained from the

participants is a concern. There may be instances of response bias or inaccurate

information provided, which can impact the reliability of the data.

Another limitation is the constraint of time. Research projects often have a set

timeframe for data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Therefore, it is important to

manage time effectively to ensure a comprehensive and meaningful study.

Furthermore, issues related to sample sizes and selection may arise. The researchers

need to carefully consider the representativeness of the sample and ensure that it

accurately reflects the target population. If the sample size is too small or not properly

selected, the findings may not be generalized to the broader population.

10
Significance of the Study

This study holds significant importance as it has the potential to contribute to the current

knowledge base regarding waste management practices among students. The findings will not

only provide a deeper understanding of the adherence levels of Grade 12 students in CCNHS to

waste segregation protocols but also offer valuable insights into the factors that influence their

behavior in this regard. The research outcomes can serve as a crucial foundation for the

development of effective strategies and interventions aimed at improving waste segregation

compliance among students.

Several stakeholders within the school setting stand to benefit from this study,

ranked from most to least organized:

1. Students: The primary beneficiaries of this research are the Grade 12 students

themselves. The findings can help raise awareness among students about the

importance of proper waste segregation and equip them with the knowledge and

understanding necessary to actively participate in waste management practices.

2. School Administration and Staff: The study outcomes will be valuable for the

school administration and staff. The research can inform the development and

implementation of targeted initiatives, educational campaigns, or policy revisions

to promote improved waste segregation and management throughout the school.

3. Teachers: Teachers play a crucial role in shaping students' behavior and

attitudes. The study findings can provide educators with insights into the factors

influencing student compliance with waste segregation. Armed with this

knowledge, teachers can incorporate waste management education into their

11
 curricula, integrate sustainable practices into classroom activities, and reinforce

proper waste segregation habits among students.

4. Parents/Guardians: Parents and guardians play a significant role in shaping their

children's behaviors and habits. The study outcomes can raise awareness

among parents about the importance of waste segregation and encourage them

to reinforce these practices at home. It can foster a collaborative approach

between the school and parents in promoting responsible waste management.

5. Local Community: While the study primarily focuses on the school context, the

findings can also have broader implications for the local community. Increased

awareness and adherence to waste segregation practices among students can

extend beyond the school premises and positively impact the surrounding

community. It can encourage community members to adopt similar practices,

leading to a cleaner and healthier environment.

12
Definition of Terms:

Compliance - the action or fact of complying with a wish or command.

Proper Waste Segregation - the process of identifying, classifying, dividing and sorting

of garbage and waste products in an effort to reduce, reuse and recycle materials. 

Reuse - the action of using something again.

Reduce - make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.

Recycle - the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.

Recover - this is the recovery of waste without any pre-processing.

Disposal - the action or process of throwing away or getting rid of something.

13
 CHAPTER 2

Review Related Literature and Study

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusions,

methodologies, and other data that are related to the present study. The materials are

included in this chapter help in familiarizing information that is relevant and similar to the

present study. This chapter presents literature and studies related to the present

research work that guided the researcher in the formulation of the conceptual and

theoretical framework of the study.

Related Literature

In the Philippines, proper waste segregation practices have been highlighted as

one of the most significant ways to reduce the environmental impact of waste. As such,

many schools have begun implementing waste segregation programs to teach students

about waste reduction and management.

According to a study conducted by P. Obordo and M. Llanes (2018), awareness

and knowledge about waste segregation practices were most significant predictors of

proper waste segregation practices among students. The study also found that students

who had higher levels of environmental awareness were more likely to participate in the

waste segregation practices.

Furthermore, programs that provide incentives and reward systems have also

been found to improve the effectiveness of waste segregation programs in schools. As

14
reported by D. Diano and N. Ferrer (2019), waste segregation programs that included

recognition for students who complied with proper waste segregation practices had a

positive impact on their behavior and were more effective in influencing long-term waste

reduction habits.

Another study conducted by R. Abon (2018) highlighted the importance of

involving students in the planning and implementation of waste segregation programs in

schools. By allowing students to take part in the decision-making process, involving

them in setting goals and strategies, and giving them a sense of ownership, they were

found to be more engaged and committed to the program.

Moreover, the involvement of parents and community members has also been

found to contribute significantly to the success of waste segregation programs in

schools. A study conducted by J. Villena (2017) found that waste segregation programs

that were integrated with community-based initiatives had a more significant impact on

students, as it created a sense of solidarity and responsibility within the community

towards proper waste management.

Overall, proper waste segregation practices among students in the Philippines

have been found to be effective in reducing the environmental impact of waste. Through

increasing awareness and knowledge among students, implementing incentive and

reward systems, involving students in the planning and implementation process, and

integrating with community-based initiatives, the success of these programs can be

greatly enhanced.

15
Related Studies

“Solid Waste Management Awareness and Practices among Senior High School

Students in a State College in Zamboanga city, Philippines.” By Molina, R. A.., & Catan,

I. (2021) Solid waste management is one of the challenges faced by many countries.

Poor solid waste management will lead to various problems in health, environment and

socio-economic aspects. Since educational institution is an agent of change and

through R.A. No. 9003, solid waste management concepts are being integrated in

science education. Result shows that students have enough knowledge in terms on

definition of solid waste, effect of improper solid waste disposal, solid waste prohibited

activities, school initiatives towards solid waste, importance of solid waste management

and students’ responsibilities. However, students have low knowledge on the different

laws relevant to solid waste management. Television or radio, parents and social media

are the sources of these awareness. The result shows that students have good solid

waste management practices in terms on segregation, reduction, reuse, recycle and

disposal.

"Exploring the determinants of waste segregation behavior among university

students in the Philippines" by P. Paragas, K. Ramos, and F. Briones (2020). This study

aimed to identify the determinants of waste segregation behavior among university

students in the Philippines. The results showed that attitudes towards the environment,

knowledge about waste segregation practices, and perceived behavioral control were

significant predictors of waste segregation behavior.

16
 "The role of school culture in promoting waste segregation behavior among

primary school students in the Philippines" by C. Ebrada, E. Melendres, and F. Tamayo

(2019). This study explored the role of school culture in promoting waste segregation

behavior among primary school students in the Philippines. Through analysis of

interviews and observations, the study found that school culture played a critical role in

shaping students' waste segregation practices, through the school's policies, curriculum,

and practices.

"Assessing the effectiveness of waste segregation programs in selected public

schools in the Philippines" by J. De Leon and F. Saludares (2018). This study assessed

the effectiveness of waste segregation programs in selected public schools in the

Philippines. The results showed that students who participated in the program had a

better understanding of waste segregation practices, and that the program was

successful in reducing the amount of waste produced in the schools.

"The impact of a community-based solid waste management program on waste

segregation practices of households in the Philippines" by R. Fano and J. Paquit (2017).

This study evaluated the impact of a community-based solid waste management

program on waste segregation practices in households in the Philippines. The study

found that the program was effective in increasing knowledge and awareness about

waste segregation practices, and that it had a positive impact on waste segregation

practices in households.

17
 "A review of waste segregation practices among students in the Philippines and

its impact on the environment" by R. Pineda and B. Manalansan (2016). This review

article summarizes the current state of waste segregation practices among students in

the Philippines and its impact on the environment. The review highlights the importance

of promoting proper waste segregation practices among students as a critical step

towards environmental sustainability in the country.

All of the studies mentioned focus on waste segregation practices among

students in the Philippines. Specifically, they investigate factors that influence waste

segregation behavior, such as knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control,

as well as the role of school culture and programs in promoting proper waste

segregation practices. Overall, the studies reveal the importance of promoting proper

waste segregation practices among students as a critical step towards environmental

sustainability in the country.

18
 CHAPTER 3

Methodology

This chapter discusses the method and procedure to be used by the researchers.

This includes the research design, sampling, research instrument, instrumentation/tools,

data analysis, gather of data, and statistical treatment.

Research Design:

1. Research Approach: This study will employ a quantitative research approach to

gather numerical data and analyze the compliance levels of Grade 12 SHS

students regarding proper waste segregation practices.

2. Sampling: a. Target Population: The target population will consist of 40 Grade 12

SHS students in Calbayog City National High School. b. Sample Size: A

representative sample will be selected from the target population using

appropriate sampling techniques, such as stratified random sampling or cluster

sampling. The sample size should be determined based on statistical

calculations to ensure sufficient power and representativeness.

3. Data Collection: a. Survey Questionnaire: A structured survey questionnaire will

be developed to collect quantitative data. The questionnaire will include items

related to waste segregation compliance, knowledge about waste management,

and potential influencing factors. b. Data Collection Procedure: The survey

questionnaires will be distributed to the selected participants within Calbayog City

19
 National High School. The data collection process can be conducted through in-

person administration.

4. Data Analysis: a. Descriptive Analysis: Descriptive statistical analysis will be

used to summarize the data, including measures of central tendency (mean,

median) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation, range). b. Data

interpretation: The research findings will be interpreted and presented in a clear

and concise manner, using tables, charts, and graphs.

5. Ethical Considerations: Ethical guidelines and protocols should be followed

throughout the research process, including obtaining informed consent from

participants, ensuring confidentiality and anonymity, and addressing any potential

risks or concerns.

6. Limitations: The study may have certain limitations, such as the

representativeness of the sample, potential biases in self-reporting, and

constraints on generalizing the findings to other Grade 12 SHS students or

different contexts. These limitations should be acknowledged and discussed in

the research report.

20
References

Republic Act No. 9003, 25 January 2001, 91st Congress of the Republic of the

Philippines, Session 1, Chapter 1, 1st Regular Session (2001).

Pongrácz E, Phillips PS & Keiski RL (2004) Evolving the Theory of Waste Management

– Implications to waste minimization. In: Pongrácz E. (ed): Proc. Waste Minimization

and Resources Use Optimization Conference. June 10, 2004, University of Oulu,

Finland. Oulu University Press: Oulu. p. 61-67.

Smith, J. K., & Johnson, L. M. (2018). Waste management practices in educational

institutions: A review of literature. Journal of Environmental Studies, 42(2), 127-142.

Wong, E. Y., & Chen, S. C. (2017). Enhancing waste segregation compliance in

schools: A systematic review. Environmental Education Research, 23(4), 539-556.

Molina, R. A.., & Catan, I. (2021). Solid Waste Management Awareness and Practices

among Senior High School Students in a State College in Zamboanga city, Philippines.

Aquademia, 5(1), ep21001. https://doi.org/10.21601/aquademia/9579

Bulay-og LF (2010) Policy implementation of R.A. 9003: a case study on the evaluation

of solid waste management in Baranggay Lahug. Cebu: University of the Philippines

Visayas.

Mishra A., Mishra, S. and Tiwari, A. (2014). Solid Waste Management – Case Study.

International journal of Research in Advent Technology, 2(1), 396-399.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262523386

21
P. Obordo and M. Llanes (2018), Awareness and Knowledge about waste Segregation

Practices were most significant predictors of proper waste segregation practices among

students.

R. Abon (2018), Importance of Involving Students in the planning and implementation of

waste segregation programs in schools.

Paragas, P., Ramos, K., & Briones, F. (2020). Exploring the determinants of waste

segregation behavior among university students in the Philippines. Journal of

Environmental Management, 268, 110656.

Ebrada, C., Melendres, E., & Tamayo, F. (2019). The role of school culture in promoting

waste segregation behavior among primary school students in the Philippines.

International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(31), 52-60.

De Leon, J., & Saludares, F. (2018). Assessing the effectiveness of waste segregation

programs in selected public schools in the Philippines. Journal of Environmental

Science and Management, 21(1), 30-38.

Fano, R., & Paquit, J. (2017). The impact of a community-based solid waste

management program on waste segregation practices of households in the Philippines.

Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 15(1), 1-8.

Pineda, R., & Manalansan, B. (2016). A review of waste segregation practices among

students in the Philippines and its impact on the environment. Journal of Environmental

Science and Management, 19(2), 33-43.

22
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human

decision processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Republic of the Philippines. (2000). Republic Act No. 9003 - Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act of 2000. Retrieved from https://www.emb.gov.ph/Portals/14/RA

%209003.pdf

World Bank. (2018). What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management

to 2050. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/30317

Calbayog City Local Government Unit. (2021). Solid Waste Management Survey.

Unpublished raw data.

23