MKWF:

TEK60101 BAHASA INGGRIS

Handout

Week 1
Topic: Parts of Speech

ProgramStudi Teknik Elektro

Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Andalas

Padang 2021
 Parts of Speech
What are parts of speech?

They are eight categories of words defined in terms of their purpose, place, meaning, and use within
sentences. The categories are: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions,
and interjections.

Part of Speech Definition Examples

Nouns Names persons, places, things, teacher, Albany, basketball, proposal,
ideas, or qualities. pride
Pronouns Words that replace a noun that I, you, him, her, me, this, that, they,
has already been mentioned. which, she, he
Verbs Words that convey action, a state walk, go, sing, are, seem, sleep
of being, or existence.
Adjectives Words that describe nouns and beautiful, green, angry, necessary
pronouns.
Adverbs Words that modify verbs, gracefully, very, too, loudly, finally
adjectives, or other adverbs.
They answer the questions:
“When?”, “Where?”, “Why?”,
“How?”, “How much?”, and “In
what way?”
Prepositions Words that link nouns or on, in, over, under, within
pronouns to other words within a
sentence
Conjunctions Words that link other words,
phrases, or clauses in a sentence.

a. Coordinating Words that link independent for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Conjunctions clauses.

b. Subordinating Words that link dependent clauses although, because, whether, while
Conjunctions with independent clauses.

Interjections Words that are used as Hey! Oh! Darn! Wow!

exclamations or to express
feeling.
The following resources were consulted in the design of this handout:

Cogdill, Sharon and Judith Kilborn. “Parts of Speech and Parts of a Sentence.” Literacy Education Online. October 5, 1999.
The Write Place, St. Cloud State University. 17 October 2000.
http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/grammar/grammarcondensed.html .

Harris, Muriel. Prentice Hall Reference Guide to Grammar and Usage. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.

***************************************************************************************************

Permission is granted to duplicate and distribute this handout, providing that the following information remain intact:
This page is located at: www.strose.edu/writingcenter The College of Saint Rose Writing Center, 2008
Designed by Emily Vachula
 FAKULTAS TEKNIK
Program Studi S1 Teknik Elektro

TEK60101- BAHASA INGGRIS

Week 1

Parts of Speech

Dosen Pengampu
Riko Nofendra, MT

Padang, 2021
 Outline

• 8 Parts of Speech

• Forming Abstract Noun

• More about adjectives and adverbs

• Phrases
 PART 1

8 Parts of Speech
 8 Parts of Speech

1. Nouns 5. Adverbs
2. Pronouns 6. Prepositions
3. Verbs 7. Conjunctions
4. Adjectives 8. Interjections
 1. Noun

A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea

Idea

Person Noun Place

Thing
 Noun Category (1)
1. Can be perceived with our five senses 2. Cannot be perceived by the senses
(Concrete Noun): (Abstract Noun):
No. Types of Noun Examples No. Types of Noun Examples
1. Persons - Joe Biden 1. Ideas - curiosity
- Doctor - Health
- Boy - eternity
2. Places - Convention hall
- Train station 2. Thoughts
- Continent
3. Emotions
3. Thing - Laptop
- Car 4. Beliefs
- Table
 Noun Category (2)

1. Common Nouns: 2. Proper Nouns:

Common nouns are a name common to a A proper noun is the name of an
whole group. It does not specify a individual person, place, or thing. It is
member of the group capitalized.
Ex. Bird Ex. Mid-Atlantic Bird

Bird Mid-Atlantic Bird

Examples of Common vs Proper Nouns

No. Common Nouns Proper Nouns

1. Singer Mariah Carey
2. River Amazon River
3. Car Toyota
4. Team Manchester United
5. Sport Football
6. City London
7. Country Singapore
 Noun Category (3)

1. Countable Noun 2. Uncountable Noun

 Nouns that can be counted as individual  When something cannot be counted directly, we
items are referred to as count nouns. Count call these non-count nouns. These nouns do not
nouns can take a singular or plural form have a plural form
and often name things perceived by the  Non-count nouns are often substances, such as
senses. If there can be more than one of water or rice, which cannot easily be counted, or
something, it’s likely a count noun they may be abstract ideas, such as intelligence
or honesty
 Examples:  Examples:
phone phones rain
provider providers confidence
university universities money
mosque mosques laughter
grass
oxygen
 Noun Category (3)

1. Singular 2. Plural

Laptop (one laptop) Laptops (two or more laptops)

Table (one table) Tables (two or more tables)

Car (one car) Cars (two or more cars)

Rules in Changing Singular to Plural Noun (1)
Rules in Changing Singular to Plural Noun (2)
Irregular Noun Plurals
 2. PRONOUNS

• Pronouns are words used in place of nouns to avoid awkward

repetition.
• The word that the pronoun stands for or refers to is its
antecedent

Ex: James said he would call the police.

(James is the antecedent of he).
 6 Kinds of Pronouns
No. Types of Pronouns Description Examples

1. Personal Takes the place or a person’s name but may also Puti is a doctor. She drives a red car.
take the place of things
2. Compound personal Pronouns that are combined with the suffix – Myself, ourselves
self or-selves
3. Indefinite These are pronouns that do not refer to a The players practiced in the rain.
specific person or thing. Some got sick.
They sometimes have antecedents Players is the antecedent for the
indefinite pronoun some
4. Demonstrative Pronouns that point to what they are referring This is the letter I wrote.
to: This refers to letter
This, that, these, those
5. Interrogative Pronouns that are used to ask questions: Who won the competition?
Whose, who, whom, what, which
6. Relative Some pronouns are used to relate one idea to Mrs. Dian Fiantis, who teaches Soil
another and these are called relative pronouns. Science, has published many papers
in various international journals.
 3. VERBS

• A verb tells what is happening in a sentence.

• A verb expresses action, condition or state of being

 Two Categories of Verbs
ACTION VERBS LINKING VERBS
Tell what the subject is doing Link or connect the subject of a sentence with a noun,
pronoun or adjective.

May be physical or mental Can be sensory (like sounds, looks, and tastes), can be verbs
of condition (like grew, became, seemed), can be verbs of
being.
May have helping verbs with the main verb.
Examples: Example:
Drink (visible) This manuscript is now regarded as a classic.
Run (visible)
Enjoy (not)
Think (not)
 Two Kinds of Action Verbs

Transitive Intransitive
Who or what receives the action Nothing receives the action

Examples: Examples:
He moved the table He moved
Did they pass the exam? They passed

*Ask who or what receives the action.* *Ask who or what receives the action …
in this case, there is nobody/nothing
receiving the action.
 4. Adjectives
• Adjectives modify or describe • There is a block of tall buildings
nouns and pronouns. • TALL says what kind of buildings so it is the
adjective.
• They tell:
Which one
What kind
How many
How much

• The Articles (a, an, and the) are

considered adjectives because they
modify nouns.
 5. Adverbs

• Modify verbs, Examples

adjectives and other WHERE : They waited inside
adverbs.
WHEN : The team arrived early
• Adverbs are sort of
like adjectives
HOW : The story ended tragically
*Tell where, when, how,
or to what extent* TO WHAT : The writing was totally
EXTENT illegible
 6. Prepositions
• Common way to link and show relationship between words
• Prepositions have objects.
• Example: the girl went into the library
Examples
About Before From Out
Above Behind In Outside
Across Below Inside Over
After Beside Near Through
Around By Of To
at Down Off Under
During on Up
For With
Without
 7. The Conjunction
A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, and clauses.
Conjunctive adverbs connect groups of words that could not stand alone.

Conjunctions Conjunctive Adverbs

Examples: Examples:
- And - Consequently
- But - Hence
- So - Also
- Or - Furthermore
- For - However
- Yet
 8. Interjection

A word or group of words that expresses strong feeling or emotion.

Examples”
Oh dear!
My goodness!
Wow!
Ouch!
Yes
No
Help!
Oh no Attention!
 PART 2

Forming Abstract Nouns

 Forming Abstract Nouns
• Many abstract nouns are formed by adding suffixes (-ness, -ity, -tion) to adjectives
or verbs to make a noun form.
Examples: happiness, formality, and gradation

• Some nouns take one suffix and not another:

extensiveness not extensivity
centrality not centralness

• The difficulty comes in choosing the best noun form for your specific sentence.
For example, the following two words are both abstract nouns with similar
meanings. You will find both words in your dictionary.
fragility - a noun referring to the condition of being fragile
fragileness - a noun referring to how fragile something is
 PART 3

More about adjectives and adverbs

 Making adverbs from adjectives (1)
• Adverbs are usually made from adjectives, by adding –LY

• However, there are some exceptions. These are the rules:

Adjective ending in … Change Y to I and add -LY Examples

\ Change Y to I and add -LY heavy - heavily

happy - happily
lazy - lazily
Y

[anything else] Just add -LY warm - warmly

nice - nicely
loud - loudly
 Some Important Exceptions:
Adjective Adverb
good well
late late
(“Lately” means recently.
It is not the adverb
from “late”.)
early early
fast fast
hard hard
(“Hardly” means not much.
It is not the adverb
from “hard”.)
 Using adjectives and adverbs

• Adjectives such as beautiful, nice, and red describe nouns.

• Adverbs such as quickly, badly, or warmly describe verbs.

Adjectives Adverbs Examples

beautiful Ann is beautiful
beautifully Ann sings beautifully.
Warm The room is warm.
warmly Joe smiles warmly.
slow The car is slow.
slowly Ann drives slowly.
PART 4

Phrases
 What is a Phrase?

I built a beautiful home

Phrase
 Types of Phrases

No. Type of Phrases Examples

1. Noun phrase Best friend
2. Verb phrase Was working
3. Adjective phrase Very pretty
4. Adverb phrase Really slowly
5. Prepositional phrase In the bin
Alhamdulillah, Thank You

23
37
 Parts of Speech ✎
Exercise 1 - Grammar Practice Worksheets

noun article pronoun

adjective conjunction
verb adverb preposition

Exercise 1:
Place the correct word in the blank space and indicate its part of speech.

1. Modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb - _________________

2. A person, place, thing, or idea - _________________

3. Shows action or classification - _________________

4. Modifies person, place, thing, or idea - _________________

5. Used before a noun; it may be definite or indefinite - _________________

6. Connects or joins two phrases or clauses in a sentence - _________________

7. Replaces a noun; may be a subject, an object, a possessive, or a relative - _________________

8. This word indicates position or direction; it is often used in a phrase - _________________

Copyright 2011, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL-library.com in accordance with membership terms. 5
 Parts of Speech ✎
Exercise 2 - Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 2:
Insert a word in the blank, and indicate its part of speech.

1. The _____________ student walked _____________ out of the classroom.

2. The happy _____________ yelled at the _____________ soccer player.

3. The banker wore a _____________ suit.

4. In _____________ morning, my friends _____________ around the block four times.

5. It was raining, _____________ we didn’t go to the _____________ .

6. _____________ black dog ____________ with his owner.

7. Jenny was ____________ late, so she ___________ all the way from the bus stop ___________ the office.

8. Maya loves _____________ eat pizza, _____________ , _____________ hamburgers.

9. My _____________ brother _____________ two _____________ every afternoon.

10. Carol loves Carl, but _____________ doesn’t love _____________ .

Copyright 2011, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL-library.com in accordance with membership terms. 6
 Parts of Speech ✎
Exercise 3 - Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 3:
Insert a word in the blank, and indicate its part of speech.

1. The ____________ was so heavy that school ____________ cancelled.

2. ____________ bag on the table is ____________ .

3. Jenny is the ____________ girl in the ____________ class.

4. Oscar tried to ____________ to the teacher, ____________ she had to leave right away for another class.

5. I can’t believe you had ____________ slices of pie. ____________ must be full now.

6. ____________ it was raining, we didn’t go ____________ the park.

7. You have a ____________ mouth. You really can’t keep a ____________ .

8. John is rich ____________ cheap, ____________ no one invites him to dinner.

9. Henrietta ____________ drinks coffee, but ____________ often drinks tea.

10. ____________ Maria was six years old, she ____________ ride a bicycle.

Copyright 2011, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL-library.com in accordance with membership terms. 7
 Parts of Speech ✎
Exercise 4 - Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 4:
Identify all the words in the following sentences.

The lazy man slept in the afternoon, and he was very tired at night.
1. The 2. lazy
a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

3. man 4. slept
a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun

5. in 6. afternoon
a. article b. preposition c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adverb

7. and 8. he
a. conjunction b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun

9. very 10. tired

a. adverb b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. adjective c. verb d. pronoun

A red car is dangerous for policemen, but it is incredibly beautiful.

11. A 12. red
a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

13. car 14. is

a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun

15. dangerous 16. for

a. article b. adjective c. verb d. pronoun a. preposition b. noun c. verb d. adverb

17. policemen 18. but

a. conjunction b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. conjunction

19. it 20. incredibly

a. adverb b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. adjective c. adverb d. pronoun

21. beautiful
a. article b. adjective c. verb d. pronoun

Copyright 2011, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL-library.com in accordance with membership terms. 8
 Parts of Speech ✎
Exercise 4 - Grammar Practice Worksheets

The slim dancer stopped for a cup of coffee in the crowded diner.
22. The 23. slim
a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

24. dancer 25. stopped

a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun

26. for 27. a

a. article b. adjective c. verb d. preposition a. preposition b. article c. verb d. adverb

28. cup 29. of

a. conjunction b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. preposition d. conjunction

30. coffee 31. crowded

a. adverb b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. adjective c. verb d. pronoun

32. diner
a. article b. adjective c. verb d. noun

In the summer, the happy children play enthusiastically before they eat their dinner.
33. In 34. the
a. article b. preposition c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

35. summer 36. happy

a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

37. children 38. play

a. article b. adjective c. noun d. preposition a. preposition b. article c. verb d. adverb

39. enthusiastically 40. they

a. conjunction b. adverb c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. pronoun c. preposition d. conjunction

41. eat 42. their

a. adverb b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. adjective c. verb d. pronoun

The thief stole my bicycle, so I walked to John’s house.

43. thief 44. stole
a. article b. preposition c. verb d. noun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

45. my 46. so
a. article b. noun c. adjective d. pronoun a. article b. conjunction c. verb d. adjective

47. I 48. walked

a. article b. adjective c. pronoun d. preposition a. preposition b. article c. verb d. adverb

49. John’s 50. house

a. adjective b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. preposition d. conjunction

Copyright 2011, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL-library.com in accordance with membership terms. 9
 Parts of Speech ✎
Exercise 5 - Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 5:
Identify all the words in the following sentences.

The cute puppy rested on the couch, and it was very energetic in the afternoon.
1. The 2. cute
a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

3. puppy 4. rested
a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun

5. on 6. couch
a. article b. preposition c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adverb

7. and 8. it
a. conjunction b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun

9. very 10. energetic

a. adverb b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. adjective c. verb d. pronoun

The black cat ran quickly down the street, but the dog found it immediately.
11. The 12. black
a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

13. cat 14. ran

a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun

15. quickly 16. down

a. article b. adverb c. verb d. pronoun a. preposition b. noun c. verb d. adverb

17. street 18. but

a. conjunction b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. conjunction

19. dog 20. found

a. adverb b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. adjective c. verb d. pronoun

21. immediately
a. article b. adjective c. adverb d. pronoun

Copyright 2011, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL-library.com in accordance with membership terms. 10
 Parts of Speech ✎
Exercise 5 - Grammar Practice Worksheets

The very tall teacher talked to her old friend on her new cellphone.
22. The 23. very
a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun a. adverb b. noun c. verb d. adjective

24. tall 25. teacher

a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective a. article b. noun c. verb d. pronoun

26. talked 27. her

a. article b. adjective c. verb d. preposition a. pronoun b. article c. adjective d. adverb

28. old 29. friend

a. conjunction b. adjective c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. preposition d. conjunction

30. on 31. new

a. adverb b. noun c. verb d. preposition a. article b. adjective c. verb d. pronoun

32. cellphone
a. article b. adjective c. verb d. noun

Yesterday, the secretive students whispered softly during the difficult examination.
33. Yesterday 34. the
a. article b. preposition c. adverb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

35. secretive 36. students

a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

37. whispered 38. softly

a. article b. adjective c. noun d. verb a. preposition b. article c. adverb d. verb

39. during 40. difficult

a. conjunction b. adverb c. verb d. preposition a. adverb b. noun c. verb d. adjective

41. examination
a. article b. adjective c. verb d. noun

He lives here, in this incredibly ugly house.

42. He 43. lives
a. article b. preposition c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. verb d. adjective

44. here 45. in

a. adverb b. noun c. adjective d. pronoun a. article b. conjunction c. verb d. preposition

46. this 47. incredibly

a. article b. adjective c. pronoun d. preposition a. preposition b. article c. verb d. adverb

48. ugly 49. house

a. adjective b. adverb c. verb d. pronoun a. article b. noun c. preposition d. conjunction

Copyright 2011, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL-library.com in accordance with membership terms. 11
 Parts of Speech ✎
Exercise 6 & 7 - Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 6:
Identify the adjectives in the sentences.

1. My hand was frozen because of the cold weather. ______________________________________

2. The long examination took four hours to complete. _____________________________________

3. The words are easy to understand but difficult to spell. __________________________________

4. The chicken was overcooked, dry, and tasteless. ______________________________________

5. My older sister lives in a beautiful new house. ________________________________________

Exercise 7:
Identify the nouns in the sentences.

1. The suntanned lifeguard sat on the high chair in the sand. ______________________________________

2. Give me the hammer and the nails. I will fix the broken chair. __________________________________

3. The words in this passage are simple, but the questions are hard. ________________________________

4. Sam burned the hamburgers and hot dogs, but the potatoes were good. ___________________________

5. My mother and her sister live on the same street. ___________________________________

Copyright 2011, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL-library.com in accordance with membership terms. 12
 Parts of Speech ✎
Exercise 8 - Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 8:
Identify the verbs in the sentences.

1. Sit down and be quiet. I am reading a book. ____________________________________

2. Barbara woke up early, took a shower, made breakfast, and left the house at 9:00. _________________________

3. While I was driving to school, I saw my old teacher. _____________________________________

4. Samantha hurried home to call her friend and tell her the good news. ________________________________

5. Right now Marta is sitting at her desk and studying for her math exam. _________________________________

Exercise 9:
Identify the adverbs in the sentences.

1. She walked very slowly down the street. ____________________________________

2. Brenda felt incredibly lucky to meet the very famous singer. ___________________________________

3. I live here, not there. Didn’t you see the house yesterday? ___________________________________

4. Nicky is coming now. He will not be very late for the party. ___________________________________

5. Mario speaks softly, but his eyes are intensely bright. ______________________________________

Copyright 2011, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL-library.com in accordance with membership terms. 13