Big Picture

Week 1-3: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to

a. Explain the tenets of journalism and the historical background of campus journalism;

Big Picture in Focus: ULOa. Explain the tenets of journalism and the historical
background of campus journalism;

Metalanguage

In this section, the most essential terms relevant to the study of curriculum and to demonstrate ULOa will be
operationally defined to establish a common frame of reference as to how the texts work in your chosen field or
career. You will encounter these terms as we go through this course. Please refer to these definitions in case you will
encounter difficulty in the in understanding and comparing different terminologies that involve translating and editing
of text.

Journalism – writing for newspapers or magazines. It is the communication of information through writing in
periodicals and newspapers. The people have an inborn desire to know what’s novel or new. This curiosity is satisfied
by the journalists through their writing in the newspapers and journals on current affairs and news.

Essential Language

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF JOURNALISM

For more and comprehensive information, you can visit the link below:
https://vulms.vu.edu.pk/Courses/MCM514/Downloads/MCM514.pdf

History of journalism
http://keralamediaacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Handbook-of-Journalism-Studies.pdf Journalism is a
profession of writing for newspapers and magazines.

Two important works are done:

1. collection of news
2. dissemination of information

Journalism implies composing for papers or magazines. it's the correspondence of information through writing in
periodicals and papers. The people have an inalienable need to comprehend what's novel or new. This interest
is happy by the columnists through their composition inside the papers and diaries on current undertakings
and news.

• Journalism is social affair, preparing, and spread of information, and data identified with news, to an word
applies to the strategy for inquisitive for news, the style which is utilized to scatter it, and the action
(proficient or not) of news coverage. The media that news-casting utilizes fluctuate differently and
incorporate substance distributed by means of papers and magazines
 (print), TV and radio (broadcast), and their computerized media variants news sites and applications.

• is the control of information, composing, altering, capturing, or broadcasting news or of leading any wire
administration as a business. "News coverage" comes from "Diary" which proposes a day by day register or a
journal – a book containing each day's business or exchanges. This remembers papers for dislike of whether
they zone unit printed every day or week by week.

Definition of Journalism by Authors:

• Bond F. Fraser: According to him ―The term journalism embraces all the forms in which and through which
the news and the comments on the news reach the public. All that happens in the world, if such happenings
hold interest for the public and all the thought, action and ideas which these happenings stimulate become the
basic material for the journalist.‖

• According to Leslie Stephens, ―Journalism consists of writing for pay on matters of which you are ignorant.‖

• Eric Hodgins of Time Magazine defines it as, ―Journalism is the conveying of information from here to there
with accuracy, insight, and dispatch and in such a manner that the truth is served and the rightness of things is
made slowly, even if not immediately, more evident‖.

• Webster third international dictionary journalism defines as ―The collection and editing of the material of
current interest for presentation, publication or broadcast‖.

• The word journalism comes from Journal which suggests a daily register or a diary. These days the word
journal conjointly connotes a newspaper, revealed daily or perhaps less usually or a magazine. Therefore
Journalism means that .the communication of knowledge relating to the events of every day through written
words, sounds, or photos. And a journalist may be one who writes for or conducts a newspaper or a magazine.
He's conjointly referred to as a pressman. The oldest journalism is connected with periodical journalism. A
periodical is written at a daily and glued interval. A periodical may be referred to as a newspaper if it seems a
minimum of weekly in recognized newspaper format and has general public interest.

Scope of Journalism

• Journalism, in its more extensive sense, incorporates inclusion and editorials followed through on television
and radio. Indeed, even news occasions and film narratives return inside the extent of news coverage. The
editors, and furthermore the correspondents working for television, radio, or film industry guarantee that after
they shake news and perspectives, they too ar the greatest sum lined by the expression "the Press" as people
satisfaction to the medium.

Concept of Journalism
• Journalism is that the distribution of stories and perspectives on differed parts of human exercises in papers
and periodicals. in an extremely more extensive sense, the elements of news coverage are to pass on public
arrangements to the overall population and to remain the public authority, at Local, State, and Central levels,
insightful of public needs. It conjointly brings to the notification
 of the public authority public response to Government arrangements and determinations. Moreover. it keeps
the overall population and consequently the Government insightful of occasions and happenings gathering
and abroad.

The Elements of Journalism

• Journalism’s first obligation is to the truth.
Great decision relies upon people having solid, right realities place in an exceptionally critical setting. Reporting
doesn't seek after truth in A flat out or philosophical sense, anyway in a very ability that is added right rational.

• Its first loyalty is to citizens.

The publisher of journalism – whether or not a media corporation respondent to advertisers associated
shareholders or a blogger along with his own personal beliefs and priorities — should show an final allegiance to
voters. they have to attempt to place the general public interest – and also the truth – on top of their own self-
interest or assumptions.

• Its essence is a discipline of verification.

Journalists place confidence in knowledgeable discipline for substantiative info. Whereas there's no standardized
code in and of itself, each journalist uses sure strategies to assess and check info to ―get it right.‖ Being impartial
or neutral isn't a core principle of journalism. As a result of the journalist should build choices, he or she isn't and
can't be objective. However print media strategies area unit objective.

• Its practitioners must maintain an independence from those they cover.

Independence may be a cornerstone of responsibleness.

On one level, it suggests that not changing into seduced by sources, intimidated by power, or compromised by
self-interest. On a deeper level it speaks to an independence of spirit and an open- mindedness and intellectual
curiosity that helps the journalist see on the far side his or her own category or economic standing, race, ethnicity,
religion, gender or ego.

Journalistic independence, write Kovach and Rosenstiel, isn't neutrality. Whereas editorialists and commentators
don't seem to be neutral, the supply of their credibleness continues to be their accuracy, intellectual fairness and
talent to tell – not their devotion to an explicit cluster or outcome. In our independence, however, journalists
should avoid lost into conceitedness, elitism, isolation or nihilism.

• It must serve as an independent monitor of power.

Journalism has an uncommon capability to function watchdog over those whose power and position most have an
effect on voters. it's going to additionally provide voice to the voiceless. Being an freelance monitor of power
means that ―watching over the powerful few in society on behalf of the various to protect against tyranny,‖
Kovach and Rosenstiel write.

• It must provide a forum for public criticism and compromise.

The fourth estate square measure common carriers of word, and this responsibility forms a basis for special
privileges that news and knowledge suppliers receive from democratic societies.

These privileges will involve subsidies for distribution or analysis and development (lower
 communicating rates for print, use of public spectrum by broadcasters, development and management of the
Internet) to laws protective content and free speech (copyright, libel, and protect laws).

• It must strive to keep the significant interesting and relevant.

Journalism is storytelling with a purpose. It ought to do quite gather associate audience or catalogue the
necessary. It should balance what readers recognize want they require with what they can not anticipate however
need.

Quality is measured each by what quantity a piece engages its audience and enlightens it. This suggests journalists
should frequently raises what info has the foremost price to voters and in what type folk are unit presumably to
assimilate it. Whereas journalism ought to reach on the far side such topics as government and public safety,
journalism flooded by small beer and false significance trivializes civic dialogue and ultimately public policy.

• It must keep the news comprehensive and proportional.

Journalism is our fashionable devising. It creates a map for voters to navigate society.
As with any map, its worth depends on a completeness and quotient during which the numerous is given bigger
visibility than the trivial.

• Keeping news in proportion is a cornerstone of truthfulness.

Inflating events for sensation, neglecting others, stereotyping, or being disproportionately negative all create a less
reliable map. The foremost comprehensive maps embody all affected communities, not simply those with enticing
demographics. The foremost complete stories take into consideration various backgrounds and views.
Though proportion and comprehensiveness area unit subjective, their ambiguity doesn't lesson their significance.

• Its practitioners must be allowed to exercise their personal conscience.

Doing journalism, whether or not as an expert writing for a news agency or as a web contributor within the public
area, involves one’s ethical compass and demands a private sense of ethics and responsibility.

Because ―news‖ is vital, those that offer news have a responsibility to voice their personal conscience aloud and
permit others to try to thus moreover. they need to be willing to question their own work and to take issue with the
work of others if fairness and accuracy demand they are doing thus.

Functions of Journalism
• The press performs a really vital role as suggests that of mass communication within the modern times. The
press tries to tell its reader objectively regarding what's happening in their community, country and therefore
the world at giant. To bring bound developments into focus, editorial comments on the news also are given.
Newspapers additionally play a really vital role in eliminating undesirable conditions prevailing in society.
Sometimes, newspapers continue campaigns for a few extremely fascinating civic comes and serve society
during this method.

Purpose and Functions of Journalism

• Information
This perform includes all reports, news and happenings regarding the lifestyle. It doesn't embody
 any data involving or regarding the pursuit of leisure. However it will cowl all news concerning government
politics, foreign affairs, weather, accident, business, labor, education. This perform consists largely of matter,
that is given, in information on the radio and T.V. still as within the news columns of the newspapers and
magazines.

• Interpretation of News
The need for decoding and explaining the news in our day and age is quickly manifold as a result of their own
fields of data baffle even the specialists sometimes. The normal mortal caught during a maze of social
science, science or invention has to be crystal rectifier by the hand through its intricacies. Consequently, gift
day journalism sees thereto that together with its announcement of a truth, event or theory, the reader or
attender conjointly gets clarification, background material interpretation and diagrams. These area unit all
aimed toward serving to a personal to attain a stronger understanding of the importance of what he reads or
hears:

• Entertainment
Side by facet with its additional serious roles as a supplier of data, interpreter and decay of opinion,
journalism lays increasing stress on its perform as an soul. Beneath this perform is enclosed every kind of
fiction like comic strips stories amusing aspects of way of life etc. It conjointly includes factual material
sports news, theater reviews and hobby columns that handle leisure. The diversion perform of the press is
extremely necessary. This perform not solely competes for area and time with either functions however it also
can exert indirect influence and impart info incidentally

• Advertising
This perform of the press will terribly simply be recognized as a result of it's commercially minded.
Sometimes, the advertisements even have some of service message beneath the status advertisements
concerning birth prevention, driving safely, childcare, health care etc. The commercially minded advertising
seeks to market the sale of their product.

• Education Function
The journalism / newspapers not solely give the knowledge to the individuals however they conjointly
educate individuals by providing steering on numerous .issues through the editorials and column. The
necessity for deciphering and explaining the news in our day and age is instantly manifold as a result of their
own field of information baffled even the specialists at time. consequently, this day journalism see thereto
that, in conjunction with its announcement of a truth, event or theory, the reader or attender conjointly get
rationalization, background material, interpretation and diagrams. These area unit all aimed toward serving to
a private to attain a stronger understanding of the importance of what they browse or hear.

• News Function
The most necessary and exacting perform of journalism / newspaper is that the provision of a daily or
periodical offer of stories and every one the news. The supply of stories to the readers could be a basic
construct and beer newspaper journalism. The perform includes all reports news and happenings regarding the
everyday life, it will embody any info involving or relating to Govt. politics, foreign affairs, weather,
accidents, business, education etc.

Role of Journalism in Society

1. Communication of News, Information, Updation and Education
Media brings to limelight varied problems with concern that require to be restricted and tries to put before US
a coverage of events that square measure occurring around. Media additionally serves info nowadays in a very
method that mixes recreation with a way of education. This is often known as motion-picture show.

2. Role as Mediator
It is the role of the journalist to tell, educate and stand because the voice of the folks of the country. While,
journalism of various genres may be a demand, News journalism has a crucial role to play. A journalist has
got to be the voice that acts as a intercessor between the folks and therefore the Government. Agenda setting
by journalists has junction rectifier to big problems being mentioned and selections taken to support People's
demands of justice. While, it's been doing that for several years, times have modified and therefore the
patterns have modified too.

3. Role in Agenda Setting

Journalism has fallen victim to economical pressures and in several cases death threats to loyal and brave
journalists UN agency became victims to power ideologies, political battles, ideology gimmicks and
economic collapse. And this can be not simply the case in an exceedingly country like ours, however world
over. However, on-line journalism has come back as a respite as that that is sidelined by most TV channels
tends to travel infectious agent over world wide web.

4. Role in Development and National Integration

The meddling of Business manoeuvres and politicians have taken a toll on authentic journalism giving rise to
a news reportage that has become a hob-nob for eye balls on tv debates and a politicising agenda for parties
that want to rule the cock. As justly same by Willams and Carpini,
―it’s the facility to line the ―news agenda,‖ that determines that topics and problems square measure enclosed
within the news— and people that square measure omitted.‖ (Willams and Carpini, once Broadcast News p.
62-65).

5. Role as Gate-keeper
Gate-keeping is another issue that results in a huge quantity of stories from everywhere the country obtaining
filtered. Whereas the medium remains a much better supply of stories and knowledge, gate-keeping has light-
emitting diode to a huge chunk of stories particularly from smaller cities ne'er reaching a national platform.
Most news channels blackball one or two became dialogue tables, with little or no news from everywhere
Asian nation concerning the wants of the individuals.

CAMPUS PAPER AND PUBLICATION STAFF

The Campus Paper
• A news sheet about grounds subjects and things that may intrigue understudies.

• It gives understudies true involvement in each conceivable part of running a paper. There are correspondents,
editors, creators, salesmen, and pretty much all the other things a normal paper has.

Functions/ Roles of Campus Papers For students

• provide opportunity for interest writing
 • give students the opportunity to read newspapers
• act as stimulus to work better
• develop the power of observation and discrimination concerning relative merit of news article
• serve as an avenue for journalistic writing
• offer training in an organization, business methods, commercial art, etc.
• develop qualities of cooperation
For School
• inform the community as to the work of the school
• publish school news
• create and express school opinion
• make know the achievement of the school
• help make the school united
• encourage and stimulate worthwhile activities
• develop right standards of conduct
• provide an opportunity for students, to help improve the school
• help develop interschool relationship
• develop school spirit
• develop cooperation between parents and the school
Ethics of the School paper
• No story shall be published which is based in rumor, gossip, or unattributed claim.
• Word shows bias in handling news stories, concerning race, religion, and gender orientation should be
avoided.
• Should not print pictures which offend the sensibility of the general run of the readers.
• Sex crimes are not scope of the school paper.

Parts of the Campus Paper

1. Front Page
• Nameplate – The incised or written name of the newspaper
• Ears – the miscroscopic boxes on the either facet of the plate
• Banner head – The principal headline bearing the boldest and largest kind
• Running Head – The heading may be a form of head having 2 or additional lines.
• Headline – refers to any title of any news
• Deck – A subordinate headline placed straight off below its mother headline, additionally called bank or
readout.
• Lead – the start of a news article.
• Column – they're horizontal divisions of the elements or texts if newspaper.
• Column Rule – The vertical line that divides the page into columns.
• Fold – The imagined horizontal line that divides the newspaper equally into 2 elements.
• Byline – The signature of a communicator preceding a news-feature.
• Cut – the cut may be a metal place bearing the newspaper’s illustration.
• Cutline – The text related photos and different art work, higher called caption. If written on top of the icon
rather like a slug line, it's known as associate degree over line.
• Box line – any news material rate by line rules may be a boxed story.
• Over line – it's a kind of cutline written or shown on top of the icon.
• Kicker – a footballer may be a tagline on top of however smaller than the headline.
 • Hammer – a hammer may be a form of footballer however the distinction is that a hammer is greater
than the headline.
Credit Line – a credit line may be a line given to pay relation to the supply of the story or illustration written.
*Local News – News that takes place inside the country
*Foreign News – News that takes place outside the country
*Dateline News – Associate in Nursing distant newspaper article, that is being introduced by a dateline that
states the set-up from that the story was reportable, the date, and also the supply of the fabric if not written by
native employees
*Weather News – sometimes a boxed-forecast of the world, typically a temperature, wind directions, and
velocities. Extremes on weather ar additional careful as additional careful in news stories.
*Index – A slug line indicating a vital within page and also the page wherever is it found. Newspage
2. Editorial Page
Editorial correct – the article that's thought-about to be soul of a newspaper or magazine Column – is
revenant piece or article of the paper.
Op-ed – abbreviation of opposite of the editorial page (through usually believed to be abbreviated from opinion-
editorial).
Letter to editor – letter to editor typically abbreviated FTO or LTE may be a letter sent to a publication
regarding the problems of concern to its readers.
Editorial cartoon – conjointly referred to as political cartoon may be a caricature containing a political or
social message that typically relates to current events or personalities.
Folio – sometimes written on prime of the pages, this can be composed of the pagination, date of publication and
name of the newspaper.
Masthead – this can be conjointly referred to as flag. It shows the publication’s name, the quantity and range
of unharness, the names of the workers and their individual positions.
Feature Page
3. Community and Development Page
4. Science and Technology Page
5. Sports Page
The sports section of a newspaper feature information on local sports events like high school sports team.

Selections, Duties and Responsibilities of the Publication Staff, and Policies

• Staff and Policies Organizing the Staff
There are no immovable principles on the most proficient method to coordinate the staff and to pick the
editors.
• Each school ought to along these lines work out a framework most appropriate to its specific set- up.
Common Questions:

apable?

To begin with, there ought to be a mediator or a counselor who should have the
accompanying capabilities in the request for their significance:
 o One with a degree in news coverage single guy, expert or specialization.
o One with a degree in English-single guy, expert or specialization.
o One with experience in paper work.
o One with more than standard involvement with news-casting or school paper work.
o One who shows social investigations.
• The head or the top of the school, with the suggestion of the counselor may assign the individuals from the
staff or may pick them through a serious assessment.
• Indeed, the applicants ought to have composing capacity, initiative, advertisement past encounters in school
distribution in a specific order. Whatever the rules are in picking the staff, the strategy ought to be efficient,
objective, and reasonable.

assessment, the accompanying pointers are suggested.

• The competitors ought to at any rate have one year home.
• The competitor ought not be in the probation list.
• He should not have any disciplinary argument against him, in light of the fact that there is a probably chance
for him to drop or to be suspended.
• The boss, partner, and overseeing editors ought not stand firm on other significant footholds in school
associations, particularly in the understudy committee or understudy government. The press should be level
headed and non-sectarian.
Duties and responsibilities of the publication staff Editor-in
Chief

all articles preliminary to accommodation of the equivalent to the counsel for definite altering and
endorsement for distribution.

similar in participation with the overseeing supervisor and design craftsman.

Managing Director

in boss.
gallery verifications before these are at long last endorsed by the main supervisor, at
that point by the counsel for printing.
Associate Editor

the supervisor in boss and overseeing manager.

Section News Editors
ts to cover occasions pertinent to the school exercises.
interview with the last mentioned.
valent to the proofreader in
boss then to the guide of the English segment.
Segment Editors Filipino Editor

conclusive altering and for distribution.

Format Section Editors Layout Artist

Assigns or makes the task of the school's true photographic artist take pictures on school's exercises for the
month.

boss.
ures used by the paper in participation with the manager in boss.
Segment Editors Layout Artist

that he composes ( in pencil) at the rear of each image the occasion to which a specific picture alludes.

Segment Editors Feature Editor

highlight authors.

manager in boss.

Area Editors Exchange Editor and Circulation Manager

papers sent by different schools.

counsels, personnel, and staff individuals.

Segment Editors Reporter

very similar.
d achieves the equivalent
appropriately and on schedule.
Policies
-altered paper needs clear approaches which may relate to what it might print or to what the staff may
lead. Such strategies might be posted on the notice board in the staff room or printed and disseminated to the staff.

in the accompanying models:

inside the school and in between school connection.

 asant individual jokes, reactions, and personifications.

Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further understand
the lesson:

Online references:
*Broersma, Marcel. (2010). The Unbearable Limitations of JournalismOn Press Critique and Journalism’s Claim to
Truth. International Communication Gazette. 72. 21-33.
10.1177/1748048509350336.
*Retrieved from: http://journalcra.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/33551.pdf
*Retrieved from: http://www.ruelpositive.com/parts-campus-paper
*West, Ann (n.d.) NIE Guide. Charlotte Stanford. Retrieved from: https://ccs.iamr.ac.in/wp-
content/uploads/2020/03/Unit-1-Introduction-to-Journalism.pdf
*Retrieved from:
https://nieonline.com/sentinel/downloads/teacherguides/newspaperjournalism.pdf
*Retrieved from:https://nieonline.com/sentinel/downloads/teacherguides/newspaperjournalism.pdf
*Retrieved from: https://www.coursehero.com/file/45514218/2-SECTIONS-PARTS-OF-A- CAMPUS-
PAPERpdf/
*Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/aaaemc2/roles-and-functions-of-the-publication-staff
*Alberto, M. (2018) THE ROLE OF CAMPUS AND LOCAL JOURNALISM IN ENVIRONMENTAL
AWARENESS AND INITIATIVES. International Journal of Current Research. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.33551.12.201. Retrieved from:
http://journalcra.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/33551.pdf