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Pre-Engineered Steel Building – Components and Advantag

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In this article, we discuss the components, advantages, applications, and
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comparison of pre-engineered steel buildings with conventional
buildings.
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Major Components of Pre-Engineered Steel  1 Answer

Building
The major components of the PESB are divided into 4 types-

1. Primary Components
Primary components of the PESB consists of mainframe, column, and
rafters-

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A. Main Frame
The main framing basically includes the rigid steel frames of the building.
The PESB rigid frame comprises of tapered columns and tapered rafters.
Flanges shall be connected to webs by means of a continuous fillet weld
on one side.

Fig 2: Components of Pre Engineered Steel Building

B. Columns

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The main purpose of the columns is to transfer the vertical loads to the
foundations. In pre-engineered buildings, columns are made up of I
sections which are most economical than others. The width and breadth
will go on increasing from bottom to top of the column.

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 Fig 3: Rafter and Column in Pre Engineered Steel
Building
C. Rafters
A rafter is one of a series of sloped structural members (beams) that
extend from the ridge or hip to the wall-plate, downslope perimeter or
eave, and that are designed to support the roof deck and its associated
loads.

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2. Secondary Component
Purlins, Grits and Eave struts are secondary structural members used as
support to walls and roof panels.

A. Purlins and Girts

Purlins are used on the roof; Grits are used on the walls and Eave struts
are used at the intersection of the sidewall and the roof. Purlins and girts
shall be cold-formed "Z" sections with stiffened flanges.

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 Fig 4: Rafter and Column in Pre Engineered
Steel Building
B. Eave Struts

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Eave struts shall be unequal flange cold-formed "C" sections. Eave struts
are 200 mm deep with a 104 mm wide top flange, a 118 mm wide bottom
flange, both are formed parallel to the roof slope. Each flange has a 24 mm
stiffener lip.

C. Bracings
Cable bracing is a primary member that ensures the stability of the
building against forces in the longitudinal direction such as wind, cranes,
and earthquakes. Diagonal bracing in the roof and side walls shall be
used.

Fig 5: Bracings in Pre Engineered Steel

Building
3. Sheeting or Cladding
The sheets used in the construction of pre-engineered buildings are Base
metal of either Galvalume coated steel conforming to ASTM A 792 M
grade 345B or aluminum conforming to ASTM B 209M which is cold-
rolled steel, high tensile 550 MPA yield stress, with hot dip metallic
coating of Galvalume sheet.

4. Accessories
Non-structural parts of the buildings such as bolts, turbo ventilators,
skylights, lovers, doors and windows, roof curbs and fasteners make the
accessories components of the pre-engineered steel building.
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 Fig 6: Accessories in Pre Engineered Steel
Building

Comparison between Pre-Engineered and

Conventional Steel Building.
Pre-Engineered Steel
Properties Conventional Steel Building
Building

Pre-engineered
Primary steel members are
buildings are on the
selected hot rolled “T” sections.
average 30% lighter
Which are, in many segments of
because of the efficient
Structural the members heavier than what is
use of steel.
Weight actually required by design.
Secondary members are
Secondary members are selected
light weight roll formed
from standard hot rolled sections
“Z” or “C” shaped
which are much heavier.
members.

Quick and efficient

design since PEB’s are
Each conventional steel structure
mainly formed by
is designed from scratch with
Design standard sections and
fewer design aids available to the
connections design,
engineer.
time is significantly
reduced.

Construction
Average 6 to 8 weeks Average 20 to 26 weeks
Period

Simple design, easy to

Extensive, heavy foundation
Foundation construct and light
required.
weight.

Erection and Since the connection of The connections are normally

Simplicity compounds is standard complicated and differ from
the learning curve of project to project resulting tin
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erection for each
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 subsequent project is increasing the time for erection of
faster. the buildings.

Typically, conventional steel

buildings are 20% more expensive
The erection process is
than PEB in most of the cases, the
faster and much easier
Erection Time erection costs and time are not
with very less
and Cost estimated accurately.
requirement for
Erection process is slow and
equipment
extensive field labour is required.
Heavy equipment is also needed.

The low weight flexible

Seismic frames offer higher Rigid heavy frames do not
Reistance resistance to seismic perform well in seismic zones.
forces.

Price per square meter

may be as low as by 30 %
Over all Cost Higher price per square meter.
than the conventional
building.

Outstanding
Special architectural design and
architectural design can
features must be developed for
be achieved at low cost
Architecture each project which often requires
using standard
research and thus resulting in
architectural details and
higher cost.
interfaces.

Future Future expansion is Future expansion is most tedious

Expansion very easy and simple. and more costly.

Multiple responsibilities can

result in question of who is
Single source of
responsible when the
responsibility is there
Safety and components do not fit in properly,
because the entire job is
Responsibility insufficient material is supplied or
being done by one
parts fail to perform particularly
supplier.
at the supplier/contractor
interface.

All components have Components are custom designed

been specified and for a specific application on a
designed specially to act specific job. Design and detailing
Performance together as a system for errors are possible when
maximum efficiency, assembling the diverse
precise fir and peak components into unique
performance in the field. buildings.

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Advantages of Pre-Engineered Steel Building
1. Reduction in Construction Time
Buildings are typically delivered in just a few weeks after approval of
drawings. Foundation and anchor bolts are cast parallel with finished,
ready for the site bolting. In India, the use of PEB will reduce the total
construction time of the project by at least 50%. This also allows for faster
occupancy and earlier realization of revenue.

2. Lower Cost
Due to the systems approach, there is a significant saving in design,
manufacturing and on-site erection cost. The secondary members and
cladding nest together reducing transportation cost.

3. Flexibility of Expansion
Buildings can be easily expanded in length by adding additional bays.
Also, expansion in width and height is possible by pre-designing for
future expansion.

4. Larger Spans
Buildings can be supplied to around 80M clear spans.5.

5. Quality Control
As buildings are manufactured completely in the factory under controlled
conditions the quality is assured.

6. Low Maintenance
Buildings are supplied with high-quality paint systems for cladding and
steel to suit ambient conditions at the site, which results in long durability
and low maintenance costs.

7. Energy-Efficient Roofing and Wall Systems

Buildings can be supplied with polyurethane insulated panels or
fiberglass blankets insulation to achieve required “U” values.

8. Architectural Versatility
The building can be supplied with various types of fascias, canopies, and
curved eaves and are designed to receive precast concrete wall panels,
curtain walls, block walls and other wall systems.

9. Single Source Availability

As the complete building package is supplied by a single vendor,
compatibility of all the building components and accessories is assured.
This is one of the major benefits of pre-engineered building systems.
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Applications of Pre-Engineered Steel Buildings
The major application of PESB is found in the following-

1. Houses & Living Shelters

2. Factories
3. Warehouses
4. Sports Halls ( Indoor and Outdoor)
5. Aircraft Hangers
6. Supermarkets
7. Workshops
8. Office Buildings
9. Labor Camps
10. Petrol Pumps/Service Buildings
11. Schools
12. Community centers
Read More: What is Steel Frame Structure Building Construction?
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