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MAI 4.9 DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS Solutions

This document contains solutions to exercises involving discrete distributions. It includes: 1) 14 short questions with solutions involving concepts like expected value, probability mass functions, and quantiles for various discrete random variables. 2) 5 longer questions involving more complex discrete distributions and probability concepts like conditional probability, binomial and multinomial distributions. 3) The solutions employ techniques like setting up probability mass functions, computing expected values, and solving systems of equations to find parameter values for discrete distributions.

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311 views4 pages

MAI 4.9 DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS Solutions

This document contains solutions to exercises involving discrete distributions. It includes: 1) 14 short questions with solutions involving concepts like expected value, probability mass functions, and quantiles for various discrete random variables. 2) 5 longer questions involving more complex discrete distributions and probability concepts like conditional probability, binomial and multinomial distributions. 3) The solutions employ techniques like setting up probability mass functions, computing expected values, and solving systems of equations to find parameter values for discrete distributions.

Uploaded by

Avat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EXERCISES [MAI 4.

9]
DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

A. Paper 1 questions (SHORT)


1. (a) 2.35 (b) mode =1 (c) median = 2 (d) Q1 = 1 Q3 = 3.5
2. a = 0.2 b = 0.4
3. E(X) = 2.2 E(Profit) = 0, so it is fair.
4. (a)
x 1 2 3
P(X = x) 1/6 2/6 3/6
(b) Find E(X) = 7/3
5. (a)
x 3 4 5
P(X = x) 4/10 3/10 3/10
(b) Find E(X) = 3.9
6. (a) (0.4 + p + 0.2 + 0.07 + 0.02 = 1),  p = 0.31
(b) E(X) = 1(0.4) + 2(0.31) + 3(0.2) + 4(0.07) + 5(0.02) = 2
7. (a) 0.1 + a + 0.3 + b = 1  a + b = 0.6
(b) 0  0.1 + 1  a + 2  0.3 + 3  b
0 + a + 0.6 + 3b = 1.5
a + 3b = 0.9
Solving simultaneously gives
a = 0.45 b = 0.15
8. (a) 0.2 + a + b + 0.25 = 1(a + b = 0.55)
E ( X )  a  2b  0.75  1.55
 a  2b  0.8
a  0.3 and b  0.25
1 2 1 3
9. all x
P( X  x)  1   
5 5 10
+x=1 x=
10
1 1 2 3  1
P(scoring six after two rolls) =     2     =
 10 10   5 10  4
10. (a) 10k2 + 3k + 0.6 = 1  10k2 + 3k  0.4 = 0  k = 0.1 (by GDC)
(b) E(X) =  1  0.2 + 2  0.4 + 3  0.3 = 1.5

11. (a)
x 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) k 2k 3k 4k 5k
(b) k × 1 + k × 2 + k × 3 + k × 4 + k × 5 = 15k = 1  k = 1
15
40 8
(c) E(X) = 0 × 1 + l × 2 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 4 + 4 × 5 = =
15 15 15 15 15 15 3

1
12. (a)  P X  x   1  4 c + 6c + 6c + 4c = 1  20c = 1  c  20  0.05
(b) E(X) =  xP X  x  = (1  0.2) + (2  0.3) + (3  0.3) + (4  0.2) = 2.5

1
2 3
2 2 2
13. 
all x
P( X  x) = 1  k +
3
k    k    k + ......... = 1
3 3
 
 
1  =1  k= 1
k
 2 3
1  
 3
14. (a) Sum = 1.3 which is greater than 1
(b) 3k + 0.7 = 1  k = 0.1
0 1 1
(c) (i) P X  0   =
20 20
19  4 5 10  19
(ii) P(X >0)=1P(X=0) =  or    =
20  20 20 20 20
Notice: in fact, the probability distribution is
x 0 3 4 9
P(X = x) 1/20 4/20 5/20 10/20
1 1 1
15. (a) (i) 1+2 or 2+1 Prob =  2 
2 5 5
1 1 1 1 1 1 6
(ii) 1+3 or 3+1 or 2+2 Prob =   2     
2 5 5 5 5 25 25
(b) Let X be the number of counters the player receives in return.
E(X) = p(x) × x = 9 (M1)
1  1  1  1 
   4     5     15     n  = 9 (M1)(A1)
2  5  5   10 
1
 n = 3 n = 30 (A1)
10

B. Paper 2 questions (LONG)


1
16. (a) Probability of two 4s is (= 0.0625)
16
(b)
x 0 1 2
P(X = x) 9 6 1
16 16 16
2
9 6 1 8  1
(c) E(X) = 
0
x P X  x , = 0 
16
+1
16
+2  
16 16  2 
1 1
or E(X) = np = 2  
4 2
(d)
x 0 1 2
amount -2€ 5€ 20€
P(X = x) 9 6 1
16 16 16
9 6 1
Expected amount = -2  +5 + 20  = 2€
16 16 16
(e) 100 €
(f) 18 € implies 0 fours and 2 fours or vice versa
9 1 9
 2=
16 16 128

2
17. (a) E(X) = 0 × 3  1  6  2  1 = 8 (0.8)
10 10 10 10
(b) (i)
3
5 R

R
4
6 2 G
5

4
2 5 R
6
G

1 G
5

(ii) P(Y = 0) = 2  1  2
5 5 30
P(Y = 1) = P(RG) + P(GR)   4  2  2  4  = 16
 6 5 6 5  30
P(Y = 2) = 4  3  12
6 5 30
Forming a distribution

y 0 1 2
P(Y = y) 2 16 12
30 30 30

(c) P(RR) = 1  1  2  12 = 27  3 , 0.3 


3 10 3 30 90  10 
P( A  RR )  1 , 0.111
(d) P(1 or 6|RR) = P(A|RR) = = 1  27 = 3
P( RR) 30 90 27 9 
3 1
18. (a) (i) P(B) =(ii) P(R) =
4 4
3 1 3
(b) p s , t
4 4 4
1 3 3
(c) (i) P(X = 3) = P (getting 1 and 2) =  =
4 4 16
1 1 3  3 13
(ii) P(X = 2) =  +  or 1   =
4 4 4  16  16
(d) (i)
X 2 3
13 3
P(X = x)
16 16

 13   3  35
(ii) E(X) = 2   3  =
 16   16  16
(e) win $10  scores 3 one time, 2 other time
 13 3  78  39 
P(win $10) = P(3)  P(2) + P(2)  P(3) = 2  , =  
 16 16  256  128 

3
19. (a) 1, 2, 3, 4
2
(b) P(Y = 1) =
5
3 2 3
P(Y = 2) =  
5 4 10
3 2 2 1
P(Y = 3) =   
5 4 3 5
3 2 1 2 1
P(Y = 4) =    
5 4 3 2 10

2 3 1 1
(c) E(Y) = 1 ×  2  3  4  = 2
5 10 5 10
(d)

X 1 2 3
P(X = x) 3/5 3/10 1/10

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