Biology Revision
Below are the diagrams of an animal and plant cell, what are the
similarities and differences between the two?
For each
part
labelled
here, write
the function
of that part
of the cell in
your books
Answers
• Cell membrane – this surrounds the cell and allows nutrients to
enter and waste to leave it.
• Nucleus – this controls what happens in the cell. It contains DNA,
the genetic information that cells need to grow and reproduce.
• Cytoplasm – this is a jelly-like substance in which chemical
reactions happen.
• Mitochondria – they are structures where respiration takes place,
which provides energy for all of the functions of the cell to take
place.
• Cell wall - this is an outer structure that surrounds the cell and gives
it support.
• Vacuole - this is a space within the cytoplasm of plant cells that
contains sap.
• Chloroplasts - these contain chlorophyll and are the site of
photosynthesis
In pairs, make notes
about how the cells
listed here are adapted
to their functions
Specialised cells
Root hair cell Cilia cell
Sperm cell Egg cell (ovum)
Answers
Root hair cell:
• Large surface area
Red blood cell:
• No nucleus to accommodate lots of oxygen
Cilia cell:
• Hairs that sweep mucus out of the airways
Sperm cell:
• Tail to move towards egg
• Mitochondria to provide energy
• Tip of head that releases enzymes to penetrate the ovum
Egg cell:
• Jelly outer coating to protect cell
• Large amount of stored nutrients to provide energy for developing embryo
Menstruation
There are 4 stages of the menstrual cycle:
1. Lining gets thicker Lining thickens: day 10-13
2. Egg is released Egg released: day 14
3. Lining starts to break down Lining maintained: days 14-26
4. Lining stays thick Lining breaks down: days 26-5
Write down in your books at which day(s) each of these occur and the function
(connected to reproduction) of why they occur.
Reproduction
1. Complete the ‘foetus in the womb’
worksheet.
2. What is the role in each of the parts labelled
when the child is born?
Answers
The mother is joined to the foetus by
an organ called the placenta. This is
attached to the wall of the uterus and
connects to the foetus by the
umbilical cord.
As the foetus grows it receives food
and oxygen and has its waste taken
away through the umbilical cord and
Uterus wall contracts and pushes the placenta. It is protected in the womb
foetus out through the cervix. When the by amniotic fluid which absorbs
‘waters break’ the amniotic fluid passes bumps and gives the foetus room to
out of the woman through the cervix move.
and this signals the baby is about to be
born. When born, the umbilical cord is
cut and the placenta passes out of the
woman.
Web of Life
Explain the following:
1. There is a variety of heights in Year 8
2. If diseases kill rabbits in a population area, then
the level of foxes in the same area will decrease.
3. If pesticides are used in plants to kill insects, this
can end of killing top level predators such as
eagles, ospreys and sparrowhawks. (leaves →
worms → chaffinch → sparrowhawk.
Answers
1. There is variation in the genes that cause heights in
Y8, so there will be a variety of heights in Y8.
2. The foxes eat the rabbits, and are co-dependent on
each other. If the rabbit population decreases then
there will be fewer rabbits to eat and so fewer foxes
will survive.
3. Example of bioaccumulation: a small amount of
pesticide is contained in the leaves, which then builds
up because worms eat many leaves, the chaffinches
eat many worms and the sparrowhawks eat the
chaffinches. This means the poison builds up as you
go up the food chains.
