Mr.

Yasser Anwar's Annotations

March 2022

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20 A
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MARCH 2022
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-LITERACY 1-
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-LITERACY 2-
-MATH-
-ESSAY-
-ANSWER KEYS-
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EST I – Literacy Test I

_____________________________________

20 A
Student’s Name
_____________________________________
National ID
_____________________________________
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Test Center:

Duration: 35 minutes
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44 Multiple Choice Questions

Instructions:
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- Place your answer on the answer sheet. Mark only one answer for each of the
multiple choice questions.
- Avoid guessing. Your answers should reflect your overall understanding of the
subject matter.
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In the United States, the rule of thumb is that commas and periods always go inside the quotation marks, and colons and semicolons
(dashes as well) go outside: “There was a storm last night,” Paul said. Peter, however, didn't believe him. “I'm not sure that's exactly
what happened.”

Diction
Questions 1-11 are based on the following 1.A. NO CHANGE agreed
passage by Alexander Schwalbach and Julius B. excepted excluded
Wilcox. C. expected regarded as likely to
X D. axcepted misspelled doesn't exist
The Modern Bicycle and its Accessories
2.A. NO CHANGE Pronouns / possessive
n.
Bicycles without number have been consigned to the B. it’s parts and their maintenance
scrap heap or discarded for new mounts, as a result C. its parts and there maintenance place
n.

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of abuse and lack of proper care, due solely to the D. its parts and they’re maintenance Diction
ignorance of riders as to a wheel’s construction and 3. The authors want to express worthiness.
requirements. Furthermore, disappointments have Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
resulted, in many instances, because the same lack stick to the instructions

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of knowledge has prevented the wise selection of a - A. NO CHANGE
well-constructed and properly adjusted mount at the + B. admired if something is worthy, people admire it +
outset. at the beginning
bicycle - C. judged
parts expected
A bicycle can no more be (1) accepted to run
- + D. famous Doesn't show worthiness
4.A. NO CHANGE Pronoun Reference

20 A
smoothly without a proper adjustment of (2) its parts n.
n. B. they
and their maintenance in perfect running condition
C. him old English (male) / not his or her
than can any other piece of machinery. And while
+ the chain and chainless productions of 1898 are (3) D. his Refers to the rider
Conjunctions
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their worth disliked for their simple mechanism, such points as
5.A. NO CHANGE cause & effect
the bearings and running gear require periodical
inspection and attention to insure satisfactory
B. yet So + result/effect Transitions
C. but = contrast
service. This cannot be adequately given by a rider
D. for For = because + reason
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reason who has no conception as to the details of

cause construction of (4) its machine, and (5) so it 6. Which word BEST describes the phrase
frequently happens that a bicycle sinks into an early “Know thy wheel”?
grave because its rider persists in calling upon it for
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result
effect continued service, while utterly indifferent to its A. NO CHANGE not a thought
construction and requirements. B. quote no speaker is referred to/ needs a comma
maxim C. description no vivid details
“Know thy wheel” is an excellent (6) thought for D. maxim Proverb / slogan / a saying that can be
considered as a principle
positive every rider to follow; for those who heed it the
7. The authors are considering removing the
consequences matter of emergency repair will be a simple thing, a
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quotation marks in the underlined portion.

of knowing smooth running wheel will be assured, the chance of
your bicycle accident reduced to the minimum, and the life of the Should they do so?
machine extended throughout its fullest period. It is A. Yes. The quotation represents the
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partly with a view to (7) “bringing about a better authors’ inner thoughts.
acquaintance” between the average rider and his B. Yes, the quotation marks extend
wheel that the following pages are presented. unnecessary emphasis.
From the functions of the quotation marks "........" C. No. The quotation marks serve to break
1- Direct speech / word for word account / character dialogues from the flow of the passage to
2- Emphasis of a certain idea introduce new ideas.
3- Marking a quoted part from an external source (book, D. No. The quotation marks symbolize a
article, essay, ...etc. word-for-word account to support the
4- Marking an informal expression authors’ argument.
5- Titles of short-form works like poems, short stories, songs,
and chapters in a book, ....etc.
6- irony / sarcasm "......." 'What about your friends? Didn't they help?' Molly
said.
From the functions of the Italics Peter almost laughed. The last time his 'friends'
1- an album or book title (Titles of long-form works, had phoned or visited had been over six months ago.
Two had wanted money, Another needed business
like books, films, and stage plays) 2
2- Emphasis advice. A fourth had spent the evening flirting with his
3- Inner thoughts now ex-wife.
 Deleting dashes
To the bicycle manufacturer and to the repair man 8. What should be done with the dashes?
and dealer (8)—who are frequently called upon for
A. Keep them. The information within the
advice and service concerning any and all makes of dashes is nonrestrictive. nonessential
wheels—to the student of cycle construction, and to B. Keep them. The dashes offer a change in
the mechanical expert, the volume will scarcely fail tone. No different tones
to be regarded as a valuable reference book for many C. Delete them. The information within the
years to come. doesn't modify riders dashes is necessary. incorrect function

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1. The idea of presenting to (9) riders through the D. Delete them. Dashes can only be placed
at the end of a sentence, not the middle. incorrect
columns of “The Commercial Advertiser” an
illustrated description of the lines, parts, 9.A. NO CHANGE punctuation
improvements of the bicycle for 1898 was conceived B. riders; through the columns of “The

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chiefly because of the absence during the winter of Commercial Advertiser;” an
1897-98 of a National Cycle Show. (11) 2. Just prior C. riders; through the columns of “The nonessential
to the opening of preceding seasons tens of Commercial Advertiser,” an non-essential information
thousands of riders throughout the country were able D. riders, through the columns of “The should be set
to see at the annual shows, and at those held under Commercial Advertiser,” an off by two

20 A
commas
the auspices of the various local cycle trade 10. The authors would like to insert this
organizations, all that the maker had to offer in sentence to provide further support to their
advantages changes and improvements for the new year. 3. This argument in this paragraph.
+ve tone “Riders were to have none of these
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opportunity was also furthered by the columns of
descriptive matter published by the daily press and advantages for the season of 1898, however,
cycle trade journals in their reports of these shows and “The Commercial Advertiser”
and their exhibits. accordingly began the work of collecting
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sentences 2 and 3 hours closely and logically related and presenting the information which
Don't split closely related sentences appeared in its columns in serial form during
February, March and April of 1898, and
10 check the main focus of the sentence and question
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which is now presented in this volume.”

- search for any links
- general specific The best placement for this sentence is
- consider the chronological order 1- past 2- present X A. before sentence 1
B. after sentence 1
C. after sentence 2
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- All the sentences of the paragraph are written in the past

- The sentence in question refers to the previous advantages D. after sentence 3
deleting sentences
of the "past" and ends in the "present" now 11. The authors are considering deleting the
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underlined phrase. Should the sentence be

kept or deleted?
A. Kept, the sentence provides details
about the previous sentence.
B. Kept, the sentence provides an
important contradiction to the previous
sentence.
C. Deleted, the sentence is unrelated to the
rest of the paragraph.
D. Deleted, the sentence provides details
that should not be presented in the
beginning of the paragraph.
Absolutes: Always / never (words that you don't use as an adult
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 Independent clause . Indepensent clause
A question is an interrogative independent clause S + V + complete thought . S + V + complete thought

Punctuation + clauses
Questions 12-22 are based on the following 12.A. NO CHANGE comma splice
passage by Jean-Henri Fabre. B. tail-end. Who between two independent ideas
C. tail-end who runon sentence
The Glow Worm and Other Beetles
D. tail-end, and who no addition,it is asking a question
Few insects in our climes compete in popular fame Introductory Sentence
with the Glow-worm, that curious little animal 13. Which sentence is best suitable for the
which, to celebrate the little joys of life, kindles a introductory sentence? an introductory sentence is needed
and it should be general
beacon at its (12) tail-end, who does not know it, at A. In fact, we might easily cavil at the

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least by name? Who has not seen it roam amid the word "worm." no reference
name
grass, like a spark fallen from the moon at its full?
B. The Greeks have coined the word
The Greeks of old called it [Greek: lampouris],
Lampyris noctiluca.
meaning, the bright-tailed. Science employs the

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same term: it calls the lantern-bearer, Lampyris C. The Lampyris can easily be mistaken
noctiluca, LIN. In this case, the common name is for a worm. opposite
inferior to the scientific phrase, which, when D. Although the Lampyris has gained its ideas
translated, becomes both expressive and accurate. fame among other beetles, its beetle
(13) The Lampyris is not a worm at all, not even in nature is still questioned.

20 A
general appearance. He has six short legs, which he
well knows how to use; he is a (14) gad-about, a trot-
about. In the adult state, the male is correctly garbed
in wing-cases, like the true Beetle that he is. The
14. Which choice best matches the quality the
author mentions?
A. attention-seeker
He has short legs which he
knows how to use (walks /
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female is an ill-favoured, (15) ground-bound thing B. wanderer moves a lot)...... Wanderer
who knows naught of the delights of flying: all her C. lazy creature
life long, she retains the larval shape, which, for the D. docile insect ready to accept control or instruction;
rest, is similar to that of the male, who himself is submissive.
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imperfect so long as he has not achieved the maturity 15.A. NO CHANGE combining sentences
B. ground-bound thing who knows naught
punctuation

that comes with pairing-time. Even in this initial

stage, the word "worm" is out of place. We French of the delights of flying,
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have the expression "Naked as a worm," to point to C. ground-bound thing who knows naught
the lack of any defensive covering. Now the of the delights of flying
Lampyris is clothed, that is to say, he wears an D. ground-bound thing who knows naught
epidermis of some consistency; moreover, he is of the delights of flying;
rather richly coloured: his (16) body is dark brown
is set off all over and set off with pale pink on the thorax, 16.A. NO CHANGE parallelism
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especially on the lower surface. Finally, each B. body is dark brown all over and setting
segment is decked at the hinder edge with two spots off
of a fairly bright red. A costume like this (17) having C. body is dark brown all over and was set
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never been worn by a worm. off

1. Before he begins to feast, the Glow-worm D. body is dark brown all over and had
administers an anæsthetic: he chloroforms his been set off
victim, rivalling in the process the wonders of our verb tense
modern surgery, which renders the patient insensible 17.A. NO CHANGE wrong structure
before operating on him. B. is never worn can't be in present as a fact
C. never had been worn wrong order
D. was never worn
15- Independent clause : explanation .......more elaborations about how this female "ground-bound" has "larval
shape" and ill-favored....... "imperfect" the perfect so the second clause explains what
has been mentioned in the previous clause talking about the same topic

Stating the female is ill-favorite and ground-bound thing

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stating the same exact idea mentioned already
check the green highlighted portion in both sentences

(18) 2. It is essential the Glow-worm administers this 18. The author is considering deleting the
in order to ensure its prey is unable to move. (19) 3. underlined sentence. Should the sentence be
It is in some such resting-place as this that I have kept or deleted?
often been privileged to light upon the Lampyris
banqueting on the prey which he had just paralyzed
A. Kept, the sentence elaborates the
concept of rendering the Glow-worm’s
on its shaky support by his surgical (20) movements. artifices
prey victim insensible.
4. The usual game is a small snail hardly the size of
a cherry, such as, for instance, Helix variabilis, B. Kept, the sentence states the importance

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DRAP., who, in the hot weather, collects in clusters of rendering the Glow-worm’s victim
on the stiff stubble and on other long, dry stalks, by insensible.
the roadside, and there remains motionless, in C. Deleted, it is redundant.
profound meditation, throughout the scorching D. Deleted, it is unrelated.

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summer days. 19. To make this paragraph most logical,
sentence 3 should be placed
19 Such ....... pronoun
A. where it is
referring to a previously mentioned place
B. before sentence 1
C. after sentence 1

20 A
stick to the instructions to meet the requirement
D. after sentence 4 Diction
20. The author wants to express the Glow-
worm’s trickery. Which choice best
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accomplishes this goal?
A. NO CHANGE
B. games
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C. artifices clever tricks/crafts

D. routines
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Independent clause, nonessential pieces of information

places Punctuation
But he is familiar with other preserves. (21) He 21.A. NO CHANGE
frequents the edges of the irrigating-ditches, with B. He frequents the edges of the irrigating-
their cool soil, their varied vegetation, a favourite ditches with their cool soil; their varied
haunt of the mollusc. (22) vegetation; a favourite haunt of the
mollusc.
Unnecessarily uses semi colons C. He frequents the edges of the irrigating-
to show a list despite the fact that
ditches with their cool soil— their
the sentence doesn't have excessive
varied vegetation, a favourite haunt of

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usage of commas
the mollusc.
use the process of elimination POE to eliminate
D. He frequents the edges of the irrigating-
any choice that can't by all means be correct ditches. With their cool soil, their varied
vegetation, a favourite haunt of the

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mollusc.
22. Which choice best concludes the paragraph
and matches the author’s writing style?
A. Here, he treats the game on the ground.

20 A
B. Under these conditions, it is easy for me
to rear him at home and to follow the more
check what was mentioned earlier operator's performance down to the comprehensive
smallest detail.
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C. Although he is referred to as a worm, he
raise/keep is everything but that.
D. His capture suggests his relatives are
great hunters as well.
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 Punctuation
Questions 23-33 are based on the following 23.A. NO CHANGE Independent . Independent
passage. B. crank-shaft—Inasmuch incorrect function
C. crank-shaft inasmuch runon / fused sentences
Aviation Engines: Design—Construction— D. crank-shaft, inasmuch comma splice
Operation and Repair by Victor W. Page 24. The writer would like to insert this
sentence to provide visual support and
Installing Rotary and Radial Cylinder Engines explanation of Fig. 1. Sentence placement
clue

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1. When rotary engines are installed, simple steel ‘The diagram given at Fig. 1 shows how This sentence
stamping or “spiders” are attached to the fuselage a Gnome “monosoupape” engine is has to be
installed on the anchorage plates and it logically
–to hold the fixed (23) crank-shaft. 2. Inasmuch placed before
as the motor projects clear of the fuselage proper, also outlines clearly the piping necessary

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to convey the oil and fuel and also the air- those
there is plenty of room back of the front spider discussing
plate to install the auxiliary parts such as the oil piping needed to put pressure on both Fig 2 & 3
pump, air pump and ignition magneto and also the fuel and oil tanks to insure positive
fuel and oil containers. 3. (25) The diagrams Pl. subject supply of these liquids which may be
plural carried in tanks placed lower than the
given at Figs. 2 and 3 show other mountings of the sentences

20 A
Gnome engines and are self-explanatory. The and the motor in some installations.’
plural
simple mounting possible when the Anzani ten- paragraph The best placement for this sentence
cylinder radial fixed type engine is used given at seem to be is
(26) Fig.1. The front end of the fuselage is addressing
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provided with a substantial pressed steel plate te figures A. before sentence 1
in order B. before sentence 2
having members projecting from it which may be
bolted to the longerons. The bolts that hold the C. before sentence 3
two halves of the crank-case together project D. after sentence 3
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through the steel plate and hold the engine (27) 25.A. NO CHANGE
SVA & Parallelism
loosely to the front end of the fuselage.
B. The diagram given at Figs. 2 and 3
show other mountings of Gnome
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engines and are self-explanatory.

"hold" is being stressed +ve C. The diagrams given at Figs. 2 and 3
shows other mountings of Gnome
Bolts hold ..... tightly +ve engines and is self-explanatory.
D. The diagram given at Figs. 2 and 3
= securely show other mountings of Gnome
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engines and is self-explanatory.

26. Which choice refers to the explanation
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provided in the sentence? check the sentence

A. NO CHANGE
B. Fig. 2
C. Fig. 3
the only figure that talks about Anzani ten-
D. Fig. 4 cylinder
Diction 27.A. NO CHANGE -ve
B. securely tightly in a fixed way
C. haphazardly randomly
D. lightly loosely -ve

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 confirming noisy operation

Reasons
Some Causes of Noisy Operation disorders 28.A. NO CHANGE
disturbances B. because of their causes
There are a number of power-plant derangements C. in the same way
which give a positive indication (28) on the other D. and therefore
hand noisy operation.
29. Which of the following best adds onto
the writer’s list of cases and causes of
(29) Any knocking or rattling sounds are usually
noisy operation?
(30) under the influence of wear in connecting

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rods or main bearings
adj
of the engine, though A. Squeaking sounds invariably
sometimes a sharp metallic knock, which (31) are indicate dry bearings, and whenever
very much the same as that produced by a loose such a sound is heard it should be
bearing, is due to carbon deposits in the cylinder immediately located and oil applied

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heads, or premature ignition due to advanced to the parts.
spark-time lever. B. The rubber hose often used in
making the flexible connections
demanded between the radiator and
singular noun water manifolds of the engine may

20 A
deteriorate inside and particles of
rubber may hang down and reduce
In B, C, and D, no noisy sounds the area of the passage.
are being referred to, C. The grease from the grease cups
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Only in A mounted on the pump-shaft bearing
to lubricate that member often finds
its way into the water system and rots
the inner walls of the rubber hose,
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resulting in strips of the partly

decomposed rubber lining hanging
down and restricting the passage.
D. The cooling system is prone to
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overheat after antifreezing solutions

of which calcium chloride forms a
part have been used.
Diction 30.A. NO CHANGE
B. produced by noise is caused/produced by
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C. changed because of
D. unrelated to
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SVA & Verb tense 31.A. NO CHANGE

B. has been
C. is
D. have been

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 verb
Whose + noun
possessive
Whose shouldn't be followed by a verb Whose + verb X
clauses
Whistling or (32) blowing sounds are produced 32.A. NO CHANGE
by leaks whose are either in the engine (33) B. blowing sounds are produced by
themselves or in the gas manifolds. A sharp leaks, which are either in the engine
whistle denotes the escape of gas under pressure C. blowing sounds, which are produced
and is usually caused by a defective packing or by leaks either in the engine
gasket that seals a portion of the combustion D. blowing sounds which are produced fragment
chamber or that is used for a joint as the exhaust by leaks either in the engine fragment
manifold. A blowing sound indicates a leaky

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packing in crank-case. Grinding noises in the 33.A. NO CHANGE
motor are usually caused by the timing gears and B. itself refers to engine object
will obtain if these gears are dry or if they have C. himself
become worn. Whenever a loud knocking sound D. herself

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is heard careful inspection should be made to singular
locate the cause of the trouble. Much harm may
be done in a few minutes if the engine is run with
loose connecting rod or bearings that would be
prevented by taking up the wear or looseness
between the parts by some means of adjustment.

20 A
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20 A
Fig. 1.—Diagram Defining Installation of Gnome “Monosoupape” Motor in Tractor Biplane. Note
Necessary Piping for Fuel, Oil, and Air Lines.
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Fig. 2.—Showing Two Methods of Placing Propeller on Gnome Rotary Motor.

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20 A
Fig. 3.—How Gnome Rotary Motor May Be Attached to Airplane Fuselage Members
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Fig. 4.—How Anzani Ten-Cylinder Radial Engine is Installed to Plate Securely Attached to Front End of
Tractor Airplane Fuselage.

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 Modifiers
Questions 34 through 44 are based on the 34.A. NO CHANGE misplaced
following passage by Clare Howard. B. Among the many didactic books
which flooded England in the
English Travelers of the Renaissance sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
were certain essays on travel.
(34) Among the many didactic books were C. In the sixteenth and seventeenth
certain essays which flooded England in the centuries certain essays that flooded misplaced
England on travel were among the

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sixteenth and seventeenth centuries on travel.
many didactic books.
Some of these have never been brought to
D. Among the many didactic books
light since their publication more than three were certain essays on travel that misplaced
hundred years ago, or been mentioned by the flooded England in the sixteenth and

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few writers who have interested themselves seventeenth centuries
in the literature of this subject. In the Diction
collections of voyages and explorations, so 35.A. NO CHANGE
B. fantasized imagined POE
essays have often (35) emphasized, these have found no
been gathered place. Most of them are very (36) rare, and
C. stolen
D. garnered collected / gathered

20 A
in the books have never been reprinted. Yet they do not
deserve to be thus overlooked, and in several 36. Which choice best matches the Diction
ways this survey of them will, I think, be quality the author mentions?
useful for students of literature.
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A. NO CHANGE not common / not many in existence
B. scarce in short supply / not easy to find / not enough
They reveal a widespread custom among
Elizabethan and Jacobean gentlemen, of C. consistent +ve it used to be common but it is
difficult to get at a particular
D. common +ve
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completing their education by travel. There time

are scattered allusions to this practice, in 37.A. NO CHANGE Diction
contemporary social documents: Anthony à B. everywhere
Wood frequently explains how such an +ve
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C. somewhere
Oxonian "travelled beyond seas and returned D. something
contrast /
a complete Person,"—but (37) nowhere is A comparison = Analogy
contradiction
this ideal of a cosmopolitan education so 38.A. NO CHANGE
explicitly set forth as it is in these essays. -ve B. an apprentice monk taking his first
step into a monastery
Addressed to the intending tourist, they are in trainee making a progress
C.
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a swan finding its mate

no sense to be confused with guide-books or learning = self-development
D. a wolf leaving its pack
itineraries. They are discussions of the
benefits of travel, admonitions and warnings,
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arranged to put the traveler in the proper

attitude of mind towards his great task of self-
+ve
development like (38) a soldier losing a war. -ve
Taken in chronological order they outline for
us the life of the travelling student.
- During Corona crisis medical masks were scarce.
- Getting water in the desert is scarce. the secret lies here
- David has a collection of rare stones. in this word "self" +
- Rare coins are worth a lot of money. the positive tone

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 Punctuation
Beginning with the end of the sixteenth 39.A. NO CHANGE
century when travel became the fashion, as B. fortunes, futures, and educations A list
the only means of acquiring modern C. fortunes; futures, and educations
languages and modern history, as well as D. fortunes; futures; and educations no need for super
those physical accomplishments and social Introductory Sentence commas
40. Which of the following best
graces by which a young man won his way at introduces the paragraph and
Court, they trace his evolution up to the time transitions to the next sentence? check the next

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when it had no longer any serious motive; sentence
that is, when the chairs of modern history and A. NO CHANGE meet the requirement and follow
modern languages were founded at the B. It is open to doubt whether the the instructions
English universities, and when, with the fall number of the truly pious would

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of the Stuarts, the Court ceased to be the ever have filled so many ships.
arbiter of men's (39) fortunes futures and C. In the same boat-load with
educations. In the course of this evolution merchants, spies, exiles, and
they show us many phases of continental diplomats from England sailed
influence in England; how Italian immorality the young gentleman fresh from

20 A
infected young imaginations, how France his university, to complete his
became the model of deportment, what were education by a look at the most
the origins of the Grand Tour, and so forth. civilized countries of the world.
D. These discussions of the art of
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(40) 1. That these directions for travel were travel are relics of an age when
not isolated oddities of literature, but were Englishmen, next to the Germans,
the expression of a widespread ideal of the were known for being the greatest
travellers among all nations.
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introduction
English gentry, I have tried to show in the
following study. 41. The writer would like to insert this
sentence to provide the reason for
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40- This part introduces what the author has tried to

show ,or to illustrate something in the following study
including illustrations. specific
not
“The essays can hardly be appreciated
The sentence in question tells us what this thing is: without support from biography and
it happens to be the "support" from biography and history, and for that reason I have
history in the form of concrete illustration
introduced some concrete
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illustrations of the sort of traveller to

Sentence Placement whom the books were addressed.”
The best placement for this
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specific sentence is
General
A. before sentence 1
B. after sentence 1
C. after sentence 2 details about the illustrations
D. after sentence 3

13
its a possessive adjective that should be followed by a noun
its + n.
its + because X Clauses
2. If I have not always quoted the 42.A. NO CHANGE
we need a subject and a verb to have an
"Instructions" fully, (42) its because they B. it is independent clause
repeat one another on some points. 3. My lacks a verb C. this
v
subject plan (43), has been, to comment on D. its’ always incorrect
whatever in each book was new, or 43.A. NO CHANGE Punctuation
showed the evolution of travel (44), for B. ; has been
study's sake. C. has been

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D. :has been
we never place a single comma, a semicolon, dash....etc
between a subject and its verb 44.A. NO CHANGE Punctuation
B. – for study’s sake no other dash existing in the sentence

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C. ; for study’s sake
No punctuation mark is needed
between a subject and a verb
D. for study’s sake

The prepositional phrase doesn't

modify the noun before it (travel)

20 A
That's why we should separate them
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EST I – Literacy Test II

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Student’s Name _____________________________________
National ID _____________________________________

20 A
Test Center: _____________________________________
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Duration: 65 minutes
52 Multiple Choice Questions
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Instructions:
- Place your answer on the answer sheet. Mark only one answer for each of the multiple
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choice questions.
- Avoid guessing. Your answers should reflect your overall understanding of the
subject matter.
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Reading
 The following edited passage is an He was recommended by the Barings,
excerpt from Around the World in with whom he had an open credit. His
Eighty Days by Jules Vernes cheques were regularly paid at sight
introducing Phileas Fogg. 45 from his account current, which was
always flush.
Mr. Phileas Fogg lived, in 1872, at No.
7, Saville Row, Burlington Gardens, the Was Phileas Fogg rich? Undoubtedly.
house in which Sheridan died in 1814. But those who knew him best could not

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He was one of the most noticeable imagine how he had made his fortune,
5 members of the Reform Club, though he 50 and Mr. Fogg was the last person to
seemed always to avoid attracting whom to apply for the information.
attention; an enigmatical personage, Whenever he knew that money was

5 nw
about whom little was known, except needed for a noble, useful, or
that he was a polished man of the world. benevolent purpose, he supplied it
10 People said that he resembled Byron— 55 quietly and sometimes anonymously. He
at least that his head was Byronic. was, in short, the least communicative
of men. He talked very little, and
Certainly an Englishman, it was more seemed all the more mysterious for his

15 20 A
doubtful whether Phileas Fogg was a
Londoner. He was never seen on
’Change, nor at the Bank, nor in the
taciturn manner. His daily habits were
60 quite open to observation; but whatever
he did was so exactly the same thing
28 er
counting-rooms of the “City”; no ships that he had always done before, that the
ever came into London docks of which wits of the curious were fairly puzzled.
he was the owner; he had no public
employment; he had never been entered Had he travelled? It was likely, for no
62 ss

20 at any of the Inns of Court, either at the 65 one seemed to know the world more
Temple, or Lincoln’s Inn, or Gray’s Inn; familiarly; there was no spot so
nor had his voice ever resounded in the secluded that he did not appear to have
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Court of Chancery, or in the Exchequer, an intimate acquaintance with it. He

or the Queen’s Bench, or the often corrected, with a few clear words,
25 Ecclesiastical Courts. He certainly was 70 the thousand conjectures advanced by
not a manufacturer; nor was he a members of the club as to lost and
merchant or a gentleman farmer. His unheard-of travellers, pointing out the
name was strange to the scientific and true probabilities, and seeming as if
01 r.

learned societies, and he never was gifted with a sort of second sight, so
30 known to take part in the sage 75 often did events justify his predictions.
deliberations of the Royal Institution or He must have travelled everywhere, at
M

the London Institution, the Artisan’s least in the spirit.

Association, or the Institution of Arts
and Sciences. He belonged, in fact, to It was at least certain that Phileas Fogg
35 none of the numerous societies which had not absented himself from London
swarm in the English capital, from the 80 for many years. Those who were
Harmonic to that of the Entomologists. honoured by a better acquaintance with
him than the rest, declared that nobody
Phileas Fogg was a member of the could pretend to have ever seen him
Reform, and that was all. anywhere else. His sole pastimes were
85 reading the papers and playing whist.
40 The way in which he got admission to Mr. Fogg played, not to win, but for the
this exclusive club was simple enough. sake of playing. The game was in his
eyes a contest, a struggle with a

2
 difficulty, yet a motionless, unwearying 2. Phileas Fogg’s experience and
90 struggle, congenial to his tastes. knowledge of the world is most
similar to
Phileas Fogg was not known to have A. a student who has read many
either wife or children, which may geography books.
happen to the most honest people; either B. a simple man who has never
relatives or near friends, which is left London.
95 certainly more unusual. He lived alone C. a young woman thirsty for

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in his house in Saville Row, whither adventure.
none penetrated. A single domestic D. a traveler who has gone to
sufficed to serve him. He breakfasted every country in the world.
and dined at the club, at hours

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100 mathematically fixed, in the same room, 3. Which of the following is true of
at the same table, never taking his meals Phileas Fogg’s character?
with other members, much less bringing A. simple in his knowledge of
a guest with him; and went home at the world
exactly midnight, only to retire at once B. generous with his money
105 to bed. He never used the cosy

20 A
C. timid and shy especially
chambers which the Reform provides around new people
for its favoured members. He passed ten D. quiet and standoffish when
hours out of the twenty-four in Saville confronted
28 er
Row, either in sleeping or making his
110 toilet. When he chose to take a walk it 4. Which choice best provides
was with a regular step in the entrance evidence for the answer to the
hall with its mosaic flooring, or in the previous question?
62 ss

circular gallery with its dome supported A. Lines 4-7 (“He …

by twenty red porphyry Ionic columns, attention;”)
115 and illumined by blue painted windows. B. Lines 25-27 (“He …
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When he breakfasted or dined all the farmer.”)

resources of the club—its kitchens and C. Lines 38-39 (“Phileas …
pantries, its buttery and dairy—aided to all.”)
crowd his table with their most D. Lines 52-55 (“Whenever …
120 succulent stores; he was served by the anonymously.”)
gravest waiters, in dress coats, and
5. As used in line 49, “fortune” most
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shoes with swan-skin soles, who

proffered the viands in special nearly means
porcelain, and on the finest linen. A. wealth.
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B. luck.
1. The main purpose of the passage C. coincidence.
is to D. condition.
A. disparage Phileas Fogg’s
actions in the Reform Club.
B. outline Phileas Fogg’s
financial decisions.
C. detail Phileas Fogg’s
character at all angles.
D. argue for Phileas Fogg’s
importance in the Reform
Club.

3
 6. Why did people doubt Phileas
Fogg’s identity as an English
man?
A. He was not found doing
typical Englishmen
activities.
B. He was unknown in many
parts of London.

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C. He was unmarried and had
no relations.
D. He was a part of the Reform
Club.

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7. Which choice best provides
evidence for the answer to the
previous question?
A. Lines 4-7 (“He …

20 A
attention;”)
B. Lines 14-25 (“He …
Courts.”)
C. Lines 78-80 (“It … years.”)
28 er
D. Lines 91-95 (“Phileas…
unusual.)
8. As used in line 97, “penetrated”
62 ss

most nearly means

A. pierced.
B. understood.
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C. entered.
D. pervaded.
9. In lines 47 and 64, the author uses
questions to
A. elicit a response from the
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reader.
B. engage the reader’s attention.
C. test the reader’s knowledge.
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D. make a sarcastic remark.

10. The tone of the passage is best
described as
A. judgmental and
disapproving.
B. condescending and
obnoxious.
C. subjective and emotionally
driven.
D. matter-of-fact and objective.

4
 The following passage is taken from The was officially reckoned the first month of
Leardo Map of the World, 1452 or 1453 the year in the Republic of Venice until
by John Kirtland Wright on the calendar 45 as late as 1797; it also tells the day, hour,
and the inscription behind it. and minute when the sun enters each of
the twelve signs of the zodiac.
The calendars encircling Leardo’s three
maps constitute exceptional additions. Of The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth circles
these calendars, the one on the Society’s enable one to calculate the phases of the
map is the most interesting. The 50 moon. In the third circle the first nineteen

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5 inscription in the panel below the circles, letters of the alphabet represent in order
in part an explanation of the calendar, is the years of the Metonic lunisolar cycle.
somewhat awkwardly phrased in the These years were usually designated by
Venetian dialect of the fifteenth century, the golden numbers, but before the

5 nw
but, although it lacks the beginning of 55 Gregorian reform letters were frequently
10 each line, the meaning is fairly clear, employed in place of the numbers.
especially when certain of the missing Leardo explains that C stands for 1453, D
lines are reconstructed from the for 1454, and so on until T is reached,
corresponding inscription on the map in after which we begin over again at A. A

20 A
Vicenza. 60 letter is placed opposite the figures (in the
fourth, fifth, and sixth 4 circles) showing
15 In the first two lines the cartographer respectively the day of the month, the
makes an excursion into the realm of hour of the day, and the “point of the
28 er
theology. hour” at which the “conjunction of the
65 moon” (i.e. new moon) will take place in
This passage is followed by a statement the years to which the letter refers. For
that the map shows how the land and example, there will be a new moon on
62 ss

20 islands stand in relation to the seas and April 8, 1453, at 16 hours, 200 points.
how the many provinces and mountains Leardo adds that there are 1080 points in
and principal rivers are distributed on the 70 an hour.
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land. Then, on the asserted authority of

Macrobius, “a very excellent astrologer The seventh circle gives the dominical, or
support
25 and geometrician,” figures are given for “Sunday,” letters; these are indicated
the dimensions of the earth and of various opposite the days of the month (fourth
heavenly bodies. These are quite fanciful, circle) on which Sunday falls in the years
bearing little relation to the corresponding 75 designated by the seven first letters of the
01 r.

figures actually cited by Macrobius. alphabet. If we know the dominical letter

for any particular year, we may thus
30 The astronomical details are followed in determine the days of the week.
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the third paragraph by the explanation of Leardo, however, does not specify the
the calendar. The latter consists of eight 80 years to which the dominical letters in his
concentric circles, of which the innermost calendar refer.
gives the dates of a religious holiday for
35 ninety-five years, from April 1, 1453, to The eighth and ninth circles give the
April 10, 1547; when this holiday falls in lengths of the days in hours and minutes.
April, A is written in the small From this we see that the vernal equinox
compartment, when in March, M; leap 85 fell on March 11, inasmuch as the
years are designated by B (“bissextile calendar was constructed before the
40 years”). Gregorian reform. Finally, in the tenth
circle religious festivals are shown.
The second circle shows the names of the
months, beginning with March, which

5
 15. Which choice best provides
evidence for the answer to the
previous question?
A. Lines 4-14 (“The …
Vicenza.”)
B. Lines 15-17 (“In …
theology.”)
Times of the New Moon
C. Lines 41-45 (“The … 1797;”)
Source: James Orton
D. Lines 71-76 (“The …

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alphabet.”)
11. The primary purpose of the
16. In lines 24-25, the author uses
passage is to
quotation marks most likely to

5 nw
A. introduce the main elements
A. support the evidence he is
of Leardo’s calendar and its
providing with a credible
effect on calendars today.
source.
B. defend Leardo’s calendar as
B. provide a counter-claim
useful and still relevant.
through the quotation marks.
C. make clear the importance of

20 A
understanding the history
behind the calendar.
D. outline the different
C. break the tone of the text.
D. switch voices to support his
claim.
17. As used in line 56, “employed”
28 er
components of Leardo’s
calendar and the circles that most nearly means
surround it. A. hired.
12. The overall text structure of the B. used.
62 ss

passage is best described as C. involved.

D. appointed.
A. cause and effect.
B. investigation. 18. Which of the following can be
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C. argumentative. inferred from the passage?

D. informative. A. Leardo’s calendar was the first
13. As used in line 20, “stand” most of its kind.
nearly means B. Leardo’s calendar was heavily
based in religion.
A. endure.
01 r.

C. All circles are alike.

B. apply.
D. The last two circles are the
C. erect.
most important for Leardo’s
D. exist.
M

calendar.
14. Which of the following is NOT
19. Which choice best provides
mentioned in the passage?
evidence for the answer to the
A. Sunday is the first day of the previous question?
week according to Leardo’s
A. Lines 2-4 (“Of …
calendar.
interesting.”)
B. The message in the panel was
B. Lines 32-36 (“The … 1547;”)
written centuries ago.
C. Lines 48-50 (“The … moon.”)
C. The second circle on the map
D. Lines 82-83 (“The …
represents the months of the
minutes.”)
year.
D. The beginning of the
inscription alludes to religion.

6
 20. According to the graphic, which of
Leardo’s predictions was the most
accurate?
A. 1455 April 16
B. 1456 April 6
C. 1461 January 11
D. 1468 February 23
21. The organization of the passage is

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best described as
A. cause and effect.
B. sequential. order
C. compare and contrast.

5 nw
D. chronological. time

20 A
28 er
62 ss
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7
 The first passage is from Special Reports may be cured by cutting the tendons, but
on Diseases of the Horse by A. A. 40 as a rule special shoeing is the only
Holcombe faults on conformation. The measure of relief that can be adopted. The
second edited passage is taken from toe should not be pared, but the heels are
Diseases of the Horse’s Foot by H. to be lowered as much as possible and a
Caulton Reeks on a disease in the horse’s shoe put on with a long, projecting toe
foot. 45 piece, slightly turned up, while the heels
of the shoe are to be made thin.
Passage 1

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Most Crookedfoot is that condition in which
A large percentage of horses have feet one side of the wall is higher than the
which are not perfect in conformation, other. If the inside wall is the higher, the
and as a consequence they are especially 50 ankle is thrown outward, so that the

5 nw
predisposed to certain injuries and fetlock joints are abnormally wide apart
5 diseases. and the toes close together. Animals with
this deformity are "pigeon-toed," and are
Flatfoot is that condition in which the prone to interfere, the inside toe striking
sole has little or no convexity. It is a 55 the opposite fetlock. If but one foot is

20 A
peculiarity common to some breeds, affected, the liability to interfere is still
especially heavy, lymphatic animals greater, for the reason that the fetlock of
10 raised on low, marshy soils. It is confined the perfect leg is nearer the center plane.
to the fore feet, which are generally
28 er
broad, low-heeled, and with a wall less When the outside heel is higher the ankle
upright than is seen in the perfect foot. 60 is thrown in and the toe turns out. Horses
with such feet interfere with the heel. If
In flatfoot there can be little or no but one foot is so affected, the liability to
62 ss

15 elasticity in the sole, for the reason that it interfere is less than when both feet are
has no arch, and the weight of the animal affected, for the reason that the ankle of
is received on the entire plantar surface, 65 the perfect leg is not so near to the center
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as it rests upon the ground instead of on plane. Such animals are especially liable
the wall. For these reasons such feet are to stumbling and to lameness from injury
20 particularly liable to bruises of the sole, to the ligaments of the fetlock joints. This
corns, pumiced sole, and excessive deformity is to be overcome by such
suppuration when the process is once 70 shoeing as will equalize the disparity in
established. Horses with flatfoot should length of walls, and by proper boots to
01 r.

be shod with a shoe having a wide web, protect the fetlocks from interfering.
25 pressing on the wall only, while the heels
and frog are never to be pared. Flatfoot Passage 2
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generally has weak walls, and as a

consequence the nails of the shoe are Definition. In veterinary surgery the term
readily loosened and the shoe cast. 'corn' is used to indicate the changes
75 following upon a bruise to that portion of
30 Clubfoot is a term applied to such feet as the sensitive sole between the wall and
have the walls set nearly perpendicular. the bar. Usually they occur in the fore-
When this condition is present the heels feet, and are there found more often in the
are high, the fetlock joint is thrown inner than in the outer heel.
forward, or knuckles, and the weight of alters
35 the animal is received on the toes. Many 80 The changes are those depending upon
mules are clubfooted, especially behind, the amount of hemorrhage and the
where it seems to cause little or no accompanying inflammatory phenomena
inconvenience. Severe cases of clubfoot occasioned by the injury.

8
 Thus, with the hemorrhage we get 22. According to Passage 1, which of
85 ecchymosis, and consequent red staining the following does the author
of the surrounding structures. As is the claim to be true?
case with extravasations of blood A. Animals raised on marshy
elsewhere, the hemoglobin of the escaped soils are known to eventually
corpuscles later undergoes a series of
get flatfoot.
90 changes, giving rise to a succession of B. Most horses are prone to
brown, blue, greenish and yellowish specific illnesses and physical
coloration. damage.

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C. The weight of the animal is
With the inflammation thereby set up we irrelevant to the disease it may
get swelling of the surrounding blood cause.
95 vessels, pain from the compression of the D. A horse with flatfoot cannot

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swollen structures within the non- be cured.
yielding hoof, and moistness as a result of
the inflammatory exudate. In a severe 23. Which choice best provides
case the inflammation is complicated by evidence for the answer to the
100 the presence of pus. worsen previous question?

20 A
Classification. Putting on one side the
classification of Lafosse (natural and
accidental), as perhaps wanting in
A. Lines 1-5 (“A … diseases.”)
B. Lines 6-10 (“Flatfoot …
soils.”)
C. Lines 14-19 (“In … wall.”)
28 er
correctness, seeing that all are accidental, D. Lines 26-29 (“Flatfoot …
105 and disregarding the suggested divisions cast.”)
of Zundel (corn of the sole and corn of
the wall) as serving no practical use, we 24. Passage 1 presents a more general
62 ss

believe, with Girard, that it is better to summary of problems in

classify corns according to the changes conformation while Passage 2
110 just described. Following his system, we tends towards
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shall recognise three forms: (1) Dry, (2) A. a narrative-like structure.

moist, (3) suppurating. B. a simple outline. POE
C. a detailed anecdote.
The dry corn is one in which the injury D. a scientific study.
has fortunately been unattended with
115 excessive inflammatory changes, and 25. Which of the following is NOT
mentioned in Passage 2?
01 r.

where nothing but the coloration imparted

to the horn by the extravasated blood A. Pus causes the case of
Line 99
remains to indicate what has happened. inflammation to worsen.
M

B. The blood remains are the

The moist corn is that in which a great only indication of dry corn. Line 117
120 amount of inflammatory exudate is the C. Moist corn is indicative of a
most prominent symptom. It indicates an recent injury. Line 121
injury of comparatively recent infliction. D. Suppurating corn is the most
dangerous stage.
The suppurating corn, as the name 26. As used in line 4 “certain” most
indicates, is a corn in which the nearly means
125 inflammatory changes are complicated by
the presence of pus. A. confident.
B. effective.
C. particular.
D. inevitable. certain to happen; unavoidable

9
 Inferenece
27. It can be most reasonably inferred 31. Passage 2 can best be described as
from the first two paragraphs of A. a refutation to the ideas on
Passage 2 that corn flatfoot mentioned in Passage
Changes
A. alters based on how much 1.
blood has escaped from the B. a more in-depth understanding
ruptured blood vessel and the of a specific disease briefly
co-occurring infection. mentioned in Passage 1.
B. occurs most often outside the opposite C. a documentation of the same
feet. diseases explained in Passage

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C. refers to a bruised mark on the 1.
animal. D. an outline of a disease
D. causes discoloration in the separate from those mentioned
flank of the animal. in Passage 1.

5 nw
28. Which choice best provides 32. Which of the following is an effect
evidence for the answer to the of clubfoot according to Passage
previous question? 1?
A. Lines 73-77 (“In … bar.”) A. The animal receives bruises

20 A
B. Lines 77-79 (“Usually …
heel.”)
C. Lines 80-83 (“The … injury.”)
D. Line 99-101 (“In … pus.”)
on the sole.
B. Tendons may suffer.
C. The inside toe will affect the
joint of the horse’s leg.
28 er
29. As used in line 98, “severe” most D. The animal’s weight shifts to
Line 32
nearly means the front of the foot.

A. plain.
62 ss

B. bitter.
C. demanding. requiring much skill or effort
D. critical.
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30. It can be inferred that Passage 2 is

most likely written from the point
of view of
A. a horse breeder.
B. a farmer.
01 r.

C. a research student.
D. a veterinarian.
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10
 The following edited passage is taken upon the faculty of speech." If instead of
from Sign Language among North "speech" the word "utterance" had been
American Indians by Garrick Mallery on used, as including all possible modes of
the origins of sign language. intelligent communication, the statement
50 might pass without criticism. But it may
In observing the maxim that nothing can be doubted if there is any more necessary
be thoroughly understood unless its connection between abstract ideas and
beginning is known, it becomes necessary sounds, the mere signs of thought, that
to examine into the origin of sign strike the ear, than there is between the

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5 language through its connection with that 55 same ideas and signs addressed only to
of oral speech. In this examination it is the eye.
essential to be free from the vague
popular impression that some oral The point most debated for centuries has

5 nw
language, of the general character of that been, not whether there was any primitive
10 now used among mankind, is "natural" to oral language, but what that language
mankind. It will be admitted on reflection 60 was. Some literalists have indeed argued
that all oral languages were at some past from the Mosaic narrative that because
time far less serviceable to those using the Creator, by one supernatural act, with

20 A
them than they are now, and as each the express purpose to form separate
15 particular language has been thoroughly peoples, had divided all tongues into their
studied it has become evident that it grew 65 present varieties, and could, by another
out of some other and less advanced similar exercise of power, obliterate all
28 er
form. In the investigation of these old but one which should be universal, the
forms it has been so difficult to ascertain fact that he had not exercised that power
20 how any of them first became a useful showed it not to be his will that any man
instrument of inter-communication that 70 to whom a particular speech had been
62 ss

many conflicting theories on this subject given should hold intercourse with
have been advocated. another miraculously set apart from him
by a different speech. By this reasoning,
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Oral language consists of variations and if the study of a foreign tongue was not
25 mutations of vocal sounds produced as 75 impious, it was at least clear that the
signs of thought and emotion. But it is not primitive language had been taken away
enough that those signs should be as a disciplinary punishment, and that,
available as the vehicle of the producer's therefore, the search for it was as fruitless
own thoughts. They must be also efficient as to attempt the passage of the flaming
01 r.

30 for the communication of such thoughts 80 sword. In accordance with the advance of
to others. It has been, until of late years, linguistic science they have successively
generally held that thought was not shifted back the postulated primitive
M

possible without oral language, and that, tongue to Sanskrit, then to Aryan, and
as man was supposed to have possessed now seek to evoke from the vasty deeps
35 from the first the power of thought, he 85 of antiquity the ghosts of other rival
also from the first possessed and used claimants for precedence in dissolution.
oral language substantially as at present. As, however, the languages of man are
That the latter, as a special faculty, now recognized as extremely numerous,
formed the main distinction between man and as the very sounds of which these
40 and the brutes has been and still is the 90 several languages are composed are so
prevailing doctrine. In a lecture delivered different that the speakers of some are
before the British Association in 1878 it unable to distinguish with the ear certain
was declared that "animal intelligence is sounds in others, still less able to
unable to elaborate that class of abstract reproduce them, the search for one
45 ideas, the formation of which depends 95 common parent language is more difficult

11
 Evidence-based Question
than was supposed by medieval 34. Which choice best provides
ignorance. evidence for the answer to the
previous question?
The discussion is now, however, varied A. Lines 6-11 (“In … mankind.”)
by the suggested possibility that man at B. Lines 18-23 (“In …
100 some time may have existed without any advocated.”)
oral language. It is conceded by some C. Lines 26-29 (“But …
writers that mental images or thoughts.”)
representations can be formed without D. Lines 31-33 (“It …

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any connection with sound, and may at language,”)
105 least serve for thought, though not for VIC
expression. It is certain that concepts, 35. As used in line 25, “produced”
however formed, can be expressed by most nearly means

5 nw
other means than sound. One mode of A. created.
this expression is by gesture, and there is B. delivered.
110 less reason to believe that gestures C. provoked.
commenced as the interpretation of, or D. offered.
substitute for words than that the latter
36. In lines 43-46, the author uses a Purpose

20 A
originated in, and served to translate
gestures. Many arguments have been quotation to
115 advanced to prove that gesture language A. criticize the idea that thought
preceded articulate speech and formed the and speech are co-dependent.
28 er
earliest attempt at communication, B. support his claim that
resulting from the interacting subjective intelligent communication is
and objective conditions to which dependent on oral speech.
120 primitive man was exposed. Some of the C. interpret future studies on
62 ss

facts on which deductions have been speech.

based, made in accordance with well- D. bring light to the importance
established modes of scientific research of the lectures presented
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from study of the lower animals, children, before the British Association.
125 and deaf-mutes, will be briefly
mentioned. 37. How do past theories of language Directly
differ from recent discussions? Stated
Evidence-based Question
33. Which of the following does the A. Recent discussions focus on
Supporting Claim author claim to be true of the possibility that oral
01 r.

language? language was not always a

A. In the past, there was an defining human characteristic.
important link made between B. Recent discussions outline the
M

speech and thought. primitive tongue and which it

B. It is known how language may have been.
became an essential element C. Recent discussions state that
of communication. images do not suffice.
C. Language is an innate D. Recent discussions point away
phenomenon. from gestures.
D. Vocal sounds are not Evidence-based Question
sufficient enough to be the
carrier of the language.

12
 Evidence-based Question Purpose
38. Which choice best provides 42. In lines 1-6, the author mentions a
evidence for the answer to the maxim to
previous question? A. link oral speech to the origin
A. Lines 80-86 (“In … of sign language.
dissolution.”) B. emulate those who have
B. Lines 98-101 (“The … discussed sign language
language.”) before him.
C. Lines 101-106 (“It … C. justify the introduction to sign
expression.”) language he presents.

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D. Lines 108-114 (“One … D. sound grand and otherworldly
gestures.”) by using extravagant rhetoric.
VIC 39. As used in line 38, “faculty” most

5 nw
nearly means
A. department.
B. aptitude.
C. staff.
D. power.
Purpose

A. 20 A
40. In accordance with the passage, the
last paragraph serves as
a development of ideas.
28 er
B. a continuation of ideas.
C. a transition to new ideas.
D. a refutation of mentioned ideas.
62 ss

41. Which of the following best

summarizes the passage?
A. Many past studies make a
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direct link between oral

speech and thought; new
studies attempt to find links
between thought and other
means of expressions such as
gestures.
01 r.

B. In the past, researchers faced

difficulties in trying to
separate the use of language
M

and thought processes; now,

they have combined the two.
C. Past researchers make claims
that language comes with
thought not separately.
D. Communication is the process
whereby a person expresses
his or her thoughts through
oral speech.

13
 The following edited passage is taken constitute what is called the
from Fungi: Their Nature and Uses by hymenophore, and the plates or gills on
M. C. Cooke on the species, Agaricini. the under surface of the cap, which bear
50 the hymenium. The earliest condition in
Without some knowledge of the which the mushroom can be recognized
structure of fungi, it is scarcely possible as a vegetable entity is in that of the
to comprehend the principles of “spawn” or mycelium, which is
classification, or to appreciate the essentially an agglomeration of

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5 curious phenomena of polymorphism. 55 vegetating spores. Its normal form is
Yet there is so great a variety in the that of branched, slender, entangled,
structure of the different groups, that anastomosing, hyaline threads. At
this subject cannot be compressed certain privileged points of the

5 nw
within a few paragraphs, neither do we mycelium, the threads seem to be
10 think that this would be desired if 60 aggregated, and become centres of
practicable, seeing that the anatomy and vertical extension. At first only a small
physiology of plants is, in itself, nearly globose budding, like a grain of
sufficiently important and interesting to mustard seed, is visible, but this
warrant a rather extended and explicit afterwards increases rapidly, and other
15

20 A
survey. In order to impart as much
practical utility as possible to this
chapter, it seems advisable to treat some
65 similar buddings or swellings appear at
the base. These are the young
hymenophore.
28 er
of the most important and typical orders
and suborders separately, giving As it pushes through the soil, it
20 prominence to the features which are gradually loses its globose form,
chiefly characteristic of those sections, 70 becomes more or less elongated, and in
62 ss

following the order of systematists as this condition a longitudinal section

much as possible, whilst endeavouring shows the position of the future gills in
to render each section independent to a a pair of opposite crescent-shaped
25 considerable extent, and complete in darker-coloured spots near the apex.
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itself. Some groups naturally present 75 The dermal membrane, or outer skin,
more noteworthy features than others, seems to be continuous over the stem
and will consequently seem to receive and the globose head. At present, there
more than their proportional share of is no external evidence of an expanded
30 attention, but this seeming inequality pileus and gills; a longitudinal section at
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could scarcely have been avoided, 80 this stage shows that the gills are being
inasmuch as hitherto some groups have developed, that the pileus is assuming
been more closely investigated than its cap-like form, that the membrane
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others, are more intimately associated stretching from the stem to the edge of
35 with other questions, or are more readily the young pileus is separating from the
and satisfactorily examined under 85 edge of the gills, and forming a veil,
different aspects of their life-history. which, in course of time, will separate
below and leave the gills exposed.
For the structure that prevails in the When, therefore, the mushroom has
order to which the mushroom belongs,
arrived almost at maturity, the pileus
40 an examination of the species Agaricini
90 expands, and in this act the veil is torn
will be almost sufficient. Here we shall
away from the margin of the cap, and
at once recognize three distinct parts
remains for a time like a collar around
requiring elucidation, viz. the rooting
the stem. Fragments of the veil often
slender fibres that traverse the soil, and
remain attached to the margin of the
45 termed the mycelium, or spawn, the
95 pileus, and the collar adherent to the
stem and cap or pileus, which together

14
 stem falls back, and thenceforth is 46. Which of the following titles best
known as the annulus or ring. We have reflects the passage and graphic?
in this stage the fully-developed A. The Process of the Gills
hymenophore,—the stem with its ring, B. The Shedding of the Skin
100 supporting an expanded cap or pileus, C. Agaric in the Process of
with gills on the under surface bearing
Growth
the hymenium. D. Agaric in its Dying Phases

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47. In lines 1-5, the tone can best be
described as
A. anguished.
B. objective.

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C. satisfied.
D. sarcastic.
48. As used in line 69, “form” most
Source: M. C. Cooke nearly means

20 A
A. shape.
43. Which of the following does the B. questionnaire.
author deem necessary to C. condition.
understand fungi? D. classification.
28 er
A. minimal knowledge of 49. According to the passage,
fungal structure recognizing an Agaric can start as
B. an initial deep understanding early as
of the suborders
62 ss

C. an innate need to learn about A. the seed.

fungi B. the formation of a mass of
D. tackling the larger spores.
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components apart from the C. its hyaline threads.

suborders D. the appearance of the cap.
44. Which choice best provides 50. Which choice best provides
evidence for the answer to the evidence for the answer to the
previous question? previous question?
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A. Lines 1-5 (“Without … A. Lines 41-50 (“Here …

polymorphism.”) hymenium.”)
B. Lines 6-15 (“Yet … B. Lines 50-55 (“The …
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survey.”) spores.”)
C. Lines 15-26 (“In … itself.”) C. Lines 55-61 (“Its …
D. Lines 26-37 (“Some”…“life- extension.”)
history.”) D. Lines 61-66 (“At … base.”)
45. As used in line 17, “treat” most
nearly means
A. heal.
B. tackle.
C. view.
D. medicate.

15
 51. Which of the following lines
support the second stage of
growth featured in the graphic?
A. Lines 41-50 (“Here …
hymenium.”)
B. Lines 68-74 (“As … apex.”)
C. Lines 88-93 (“When …
stem.”)

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D. Lines 97-102 (“We …
hymenium.”)
52. Which of the following is NOT

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mentioned in the passage about
Agaricini?
A. The mushroom changes form
as it grows.
B. The species has three distinct

20 A
parts.
C. The ring that remains
attached to the mushroom is
a remnant of the veil.
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D. The veil has only been found
at the Agaricini.
62 ss
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16
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EST I – Math

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Student’s Name _____________________________________
National ID _____________________________________

20 A
Test Center _____________________________________
28 er
Duration: 90 minutes
Test sections: I- Calculator is not required, II – Calculator is required
62 ss

45 Multiple Choice Questions and 13 Short Constructive Response Questions

Instructions:
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- Place your answer on the answer sheet. Mark only one answer for each of the multiple
choice questions.
- Write your final result only on the answer sheet for the constructive response
questions.
- Avoid guessing. Your answers should reflect your overall understanding of the
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subject matter.
- Calculator is allowed. When a calculator is used, be aware of switching between
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radian mode and median mode.

- Formula sheet is available at the end of the booklet for your reference.
 M Reference:

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62 ss
28 er
20 A
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 1. If x + y = 500 and 3x + 2y = 3000, 6. What is the slope of the line shown
what is the value of 5x – y? in the graph below?
A. 8000
B. 7000
C. 11500
D. -7000
2. Which of the following is equivalent

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to

 2 x  3   2 x  3 x  1  2 4 x2  9
2

?

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A.
 2 x  3  x  4 
2  2 x  3 3x  4 
B.
C.
 2 x  3  x  8
D.
20 A
 3x  5 (2 x  3)
3. Which of the following intervals A. -3
28 er
could be part of the solution of the B. -1
inequality |3𝑥 3| 3 ? C. 3
D. 1/3
A. ,
62 ss

B. , 7. What is the equation of the line (d1)

passing through 𝐴 (3,4) and parallel
C. , to the line (d) of equation y= -2x + 5
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D. 0 , ?

A. y  2x  3
2h 2  40
4. If N = , which of the
100 1
following could be h in terms of N? y x  10
2
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B.
A. 50 N  20
100 N  20 C. y  2x 10
B.
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C. 50 N  20
D. y  2x
D. 100 N  20

5. If x  2  10 , what is the value of

3x ?
A. 98
B. 102
C. 294
D. 306

3
 8. A circle has a circumference of 400 13. What is the domain of the function
units. 𝑓(x) = 3  x ?
What is the approximate diameter of A. ]-∞; +∞[
the circle? B. ]-∞; +3]
A. 127 units C. [+3; +∞[
B. 215 units D. ]-3; 3[

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C. 312 units 14. The lengths of two sides of a triangle
D. 200 units are 4 and 7. Which of the following
9. If 32x−1 =27, what is the value of represents 𝑎, the possible length of
1 the remaining side?

5 nw
x3 ?
2 A. a>11
A. 3 B. 3<a<11
C. -3<a<11
B. 0
D. impossible
C. 5
D.

20 A
4
10. If 3 - 8x +5x2 =0, which of the
following is a solution for 𝑥?
15. Starting at sunrise, the temperature
rose 1.5 degrees Celsius every hour.
After 10 hours, the temperature was
40 degrees Celsius. Which of the
28 er
A. 0 following models the temperature y,
B. 2 in Celsius, after x hours from sunrise?
C. -1 A. 𝑦 40 1.5 𝑥 10
62 ss

D. 1 B. 𝑦 10 10 𝑥 1.5
11. If k is an integer, and is greater C. 𝑦 10 1.5 𝑥 40
D. 𝑦 1.5 10 𝑥 40
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than 15, what is the lowest possible

value of k? z4
16. Given 𝑓 𝑧 and h(z) = .
A. 34 z 1
B. 35 What is the value of ℎ ∘ 𝑓 0 ?
C. 33 (grid-in)
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D. 36
17. What positive number is twice as far
12. Amanda paid $𝑎 for a makeup bag set from 9 as it is far from 3? (grid-in)
that was only $15 less than half the
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original price. What was the original 18. The function h(x)= (x2-a)(4+x) – 112
price, in dollars, of this set? has zero at x=4. What is the value of
𝑎? (grid-in)
A. 2𝑎 30
B. 𝑎 15 19. Using the figure below, what is the
value of 𝑥? (grid-in)
C. 𝑎 15
D. 2𝑎 15

4
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Note: figure not drawn to scale
20. What is the abscissa of the vertex of

5 nw
the parabola defined by the quadratic
function below?
g(x) = x2 - 7x – 4 (grid-in)

20 A
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5
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Section II
Calculator is required

20 A
(55 minutes)
28 er
62 ss
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 1. Which of the following is a point of 4. What is the percentage of parents
intersection between the line with the trusting the news from social media
equation 𝑦= 3x+2 and the parabola platforms in this survey?
with the equation 𝑦 =4x2 – 9x+11? A. 17%
A. (3.5 ; 3) B. 25.7%
C. 29.3%
B. (4 ; 14) D. 34%

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C. (-2 ; -4) 5. If this survey was conducted on 120
D. (1.5; 6.5) people, and the results showed the
same percentage for each source.

5 nw
2. Tony’s salary was $4600. It increased How many people approximately
by 10% in the first year and decreased would say that radio stations or TV
by 3% in the second year. What will channels are the most trustworthy?
be the salary of Tony at the end of the
A. 29
second year?
B. 41
A.
B.
C.
D.
20 A
$6500
$5580.4
$4908.2
$4800.6
C. 53
D. 58
6. A rectangle is cut into 20 identical
28 er
squares such that each has an area of
3. The price of three squash and two 12.25 𝑐𝑚 . Which of the following
zucchini is 10 EGP, while the price of cannot be a possible value for the
five squash and three zucchini is 16.5 perimeter of the rectangle?
62 ss

EGP. What is the price of one squash

A. 147 cm
and four zucchini?
B. 84 cm
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A. 7 EGP C. 70 cm
B. 5 EGP D. 63 cm
C. 10 EGP
7. If Tony’s salary is 25% greater than
D. 8.5 EGP
Sami’s salary. Which of the following
Questions 4 and 5 refer to the information statements is true?
01 r.

below. A. Sami’s salary is lower than

The histogram below shows the results of Tony’s salary by 16%.
a survey done by a group of students on B. Sami’s salary is lower than
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the source of news their parents trust Tony’s salary by 20%.

most. C. Sami’s salary is lower than
Tony’s salary by 25%.
D. Sami’s salary is lower than
Tony’s salary by 33%.
8. What is the product of the solutions of
x3 – 4x2 – 7x +10=0?
A. -10
B. -12
C. 14
D. 5
7
October 2021
 9. A lobby in a hotel offers 12 choices of a
fresh juices, 7 choices of smoothies, 13. If is negative, which of the
b
and 4 choices of milk shakes. A following is definitely negative?
customer can choose to drink just one
course, or two different courses, or all A. 𝟐𝑎𝑏
three courses. Assuming all choices B. a2 b
are available, how many different C. (b-a)2
D. a-b

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possible drinks does the hotel offer?
A. 368 14. What is the area of the shaded region
B. 128 in the figure below?
C. 519

5 nw
D. 412
10. What is the y-intercept of the line
passing through points (5;5) and
(-5;-1)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
20 A
-3
2
0
4 A. 47.12
28 er
B. 26.75
1 C. 14.72
11. If f(x)=  x and g(x)= f(2x), what
x D. 11.15
62 ss

is the value of g(-3)?

15. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram such that
35 A(1;-2), B(1;3), C(-1;3). What are the
A. 6 coordinates of D, the fourth vertex of
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15 the parallelogram?
B. 14 A. D (-1;2)
5 B. D (-2;-1)
C. 7 C. D (-1;-2)
4 D. D (3;2)
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7 16. What is the inverse function of 𝑓(x)=

D.
2x  3
12. Three friends divided a prize as ?
3x  5
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3
follows: the youngest received of 5 x  3
5 f 1 ( x ) 
the prize, the middle friend received A. 3 x  2
1 3 x  5
of the prize, and the eldest received f 1 ( x ) 
4 B. 3 x  2
the remaining $57. What was the 5 x  3
f 1 ( x ) 
value, in dollars, of the prize? C. 3x  2
A. 380  3x  5
f 1 ( x ) 
B. 420 D. 3 x  2
C. 140
D. 270

8
October 2021
 17. The price of a CD player is 180 €. It 21. In a school, there are 80 students
is on sale at the price of 135 €. A distributed into three classes
customer wishes to purchase this according to the following table:
device. He has a loyalty card from the
First Second Third
store that allows him to benefit from
Secondary Secondary Secondary
a 10% discount at checkout. How
Females 18 17 5
much will he pay for this device?
Males 12 18 10

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A. 148.5
B. 121.5
C. 125 One student is selected at random
D. 145 from this school.

5 nw
What is the probability that the
2
18. If the graph of y = ax + 5x + c has x- selected student is from the second
intercepts at 1 and 3, what is the value secondary?
of a + c? 17
A.
B.
C.
D.
20 A
5
-3
8
-5
A.

B.
35
7
16
28 er
30
19. The price of dairy products has C. 80
increased by 7% in 2011 and then 18
decreased by 8% in 2012.
62 ss

D. 35
What is the new price in 2012 of a 22. In the xy-plane, the perpendicular
box of cheese knowing that the lines T and K intersect at the point
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original price in 2010 was $20? (3,2). If line T contains the point
A. $18.85 (2,5), which of the following points is
B. $19.688 on line K?
C. $19.573 A. (5,3)
D. $18.24 B. (-2,1)
01 r.

C. (1,2)
20. In how many ways can first, second, D. (6,3)
and third place be awarded to 15
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people? 23. If 5x +2y =12 000, what is the value

A. 252 of -0.625x- 0.25y?
B. 302 A. 1500
C. 455 B. -1500
D. 2730 C. 3000
D. -3000

9
October 2021
 24. Ohm's law states that the current
through a conductor between two
points is directly proportional to the
voltage across the two points.
Introducing the constant of
proportionality, the resistance, one
arrives at the usual mathematical

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equation that describes this
relationship:
U
I

5 nw
R
Which of the following statements is 26. In the xy-plane above, what is the
true regarding the given formula? sum of double the slope of g and triple
I. If R increases, the current I will the slope of a line parallel to f?
increase. A. 6

20 A
II. If U increases, the current I will
increase.
III. If R increases, the current I will
B. 4
C.
D. 2
28 er
decrease.
2a  1.2b 4
A. I only 27. If  , which of the
B. II only a 5 5
following is correct?
62 ss

C. I and II
D. II and III A. 3a+3b = -7
25. If 5(x + 2) – 3x ≤ 4 + 2x + 3(x – 1), B. a – b = 10
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what is the solution of x? C. a + b = ‐10/3

D. 2a – b = 5
A. x  3
x3 28. What is the average (arithmetic mean)
B.
x3 of 211 and 223?
C.
D. x  3 A. 217
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B. 215
C. 210 + 222
D. 234
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10
October 2021
 29. Sami has a website where he sells Questions 33, 34 and 35 refer to the
books and copybooks. He purchases following information.
his books for $10.26 each and his
copybooks for $7.58 each. Sami pays
$1 to mail each book or copybook to
his customers. He charges $19.25 per
book and $11.58 per copybook plus a

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postage of $1.25 per book or
copybook. Which of the following
represents his profit P, in dollars, on
the sale of x books and y copybooks?

5 nw
A. P = 10.26x + 7.58y
B. P = 8.99x + 4 y
C. P = 9.24x + 4.25y
D. P = 9.24x + 4y The bar chart above shows the scores of a
Math test over 100.

20 A
30. If 𝑥 2𝑦 1, which of the following
is always true? 33. What is the median score? (grid-in)
A. 𝑥 𝑦 1 𝑦 34. What is the range of the scores?
𝑥 𝑦 1 𝑦
28 er
B. (grid-in)
C. 2𝑥 𝑦 1 3𝑦
D. 2𝑦 2𝑥 𝑥 1 35. How many students score at least 55?
(grid-in)
31. The sum of triple a number x and 6 is
62 ss

equal to half the difference of twice a 36. Given that 2 16 64, what is the
number x and 5. What is the value of value of 2𝑥 ? (grid-in)
(1-4x)? (grid-in)
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1
37. If cos(x)sin(x) = , what is the value
32. If y varies directly as the square of 3x 2
and y=16 when x=4, what is y when x of (cos(x) + sin(x))2 + 16 sin2x?
is equal to 6? (grid-in) 38. The formula for speed is
speed = distance ÷ time. If a girl
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cycles for 2.3 hours at a speed of 42

km/h, what distance does she travel?
(grid-in)
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11
October 2021
 EST I – Literacy Test I
Answer Key
(Writing Section)

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Passage 1 Passage 3

5 nw
1. C 23. A
2. A 24. C
3. B 25. A
4. D 26. D
5. A 27. B

20 A
6. D
7. B
8. A
28. B
29. A
30. B
28 er
9. D 31. C
10. D 32. B
11. A 33. B
62 ss

Passage 2 Passage 4
12. B 34. B
13. A 35. D
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14. B 36. B
15. A 37. A
16. A 38. B
17. D 39. B
18. C 40. A
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19. D 41. B
20. C 42. B
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21. A 43. C
22. B 44. A

1
 EST I – Literacy Test II
Answer Key
(Reading Section)
Passage 1 Passage 3

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1. C 22. B
2. D 23. A
3. B 24. D
25. D

5 nw
4. D
5. A 26. C
6. A 27. A
7. B 28. C
8. C 29. D
9. B 30. D
10. D

20 A
Passage 2
31. B
32. D
Passage 4
28 er
11. D 33. A
12. D 34. D
13. D 35. B
14. A 36. A
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15. D 37. A
16. A 38. B
17. B 39. B
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18. B 40. C
19. B 41. A
20. C 42. C
21. B
Passage 5
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43. A
44. A
45. B
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46. C
47. A
48. A
49. B
50. B
51. B
52. D

1
 EST I ‐ Mathematics
Answer key

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No-
No-Calculator Calculator Calculator

5 nw
Calculator
1 C D 21 B
2 C C 22 D
3 B B 23 B
4 C C 24 D
5
6
7 20 A D
C
C
B
C
B
25
26
27
C
B
C
28 er
8 A A 28 C
9 D C 29 C
10 D B 30 D
62 ss

11 B A 31 18
12 A A 32 36
13 B A 33 75
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14 B B 34 55
15 A C 35 18
16 2.5 OR 5/2 C 36 2.5 OR5/2
17 5 B 37 18
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18 2 D 38 96.6
19 120 B
20 3.5 or 7/2 D
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