Unit 7 The digital world : = siseneined Re ee eeu) eet ee) FEATURES 1 Look at the photo, What are these people doing, and why? Would you do the same? Why or why not? 82. Selfie world 2 [REI Work in pairs, Discuss the questions. Then listen to a A study of global facts journalist talking about digital technology and compare your about selfies answers, Do you agree with him? 84. Creating a buzz 1 How does social media change the way we experience the world? 2 Doyou think social media enhances our experiences or spoils How companies use social then media marketing 3 Categorize the activities in the box according to how you use them, 86 Ahacker’s life (@-c), Activities may fall into more than one category. Then discuss ‘A day at the DEF CON your answers. annual conference a things that you do yourself an b things that you benefit from other people doing 90 Talking dictionaries things that you never do A video about how digital use social networking sites 8ms 7a Selfie world Reading 4 Look at this caption that accompanied aselfe What are the names forthe symbols usec? What expression has the caption been adapted from? ‘Believe in your #selfie! 2. Workin pairs, What do you think is the best way to take a good selfie? Read the first paragraph of the article and compare your ideas. 3 Workin pairs, Read the rest ofthe article. Answer the questions, 1 How many selfies are taken each year? What kind of people take selfies? What is particular about selties taken by people 4 inLondon? —_b in Sio Paulo? 4 How long, do people spend taking a selfe? Selfie world te The basic idea of a selfie is simple: flip the view on your phone so that you are looking at the image you are taking; hold the phone away from you—usually at a high angle to make your eyes look bigger, and slightly right or left to show off your best side—and then click. The word “selfie” has only been around since 2011, but its said that in 2015 an incredible 24 billion such images were uploaded using Google's photo app. And that is only Google's app; it does not include Facebook, Instagram, or Snapchat, which are believed to account for a far greater proportion of selfie traffic. Lev Manovich, a professor at the City University of New York and an expert in social media, was keen to ‘get more data on this cultural phenomenon and so set up the project "Selfiecity." Taking six world cities as examples, his study looked at who was posting these images and what the main characteristics of the images were. This is what it found, 20 2s Wordbuilding verb prefix out > WORDBLILDING verb prefix out ‘When out is used as a prefix to a verb, it often means doing something *more than” or "better than.” outweigh, outperform, outstay For more practice, see Workbook page 59. Look at the wordbuilding box. Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs. The first one is from the article, outelass outgrow outlive outnumber outweigh 1... women selfie-takers men. 2. My ki their clothes very quickly. 3. The advantages the disadvantages. 4 She completely her opponent. 5 She hher husband by fifteen years. First of all its a young person's game: the average selfie~ takers age is around 24, although that age is thought to have risen slightly since the initial research was done. Secondly, ‘women selfie-takers outnumber men, making up 55 percent in Bangkok, 65 percent in Séo Paulo, and 82 percent in Moscow. Further analysis showed that London selfies have the most poses "straight to camera” —in other cities people take pictures from more of an angle—while Bangkok selfies are the most smiley (London and Moscow ate the least). Sao Paulo boasts the most expressive selfies. But pethaps the most surprising thing is how long they take to produce, People were reported to be spending on average seven minutes fon each selfie. That is not just the time needed to take the picture; it abo includes editing, deciding on a caption, and perhaps adding a hashtag or emoji Manovich’s study does not provide reasons for these global \ariations or for the phenomenon as a whole, but it has been observed by other researchers that in an age where online image matters, the selfie is now an indispensable tool.Grammar passive reporting verbs 5 Work in pairs, Look at the grammar box. Answer the questions 1 2 What is the tense of each underlined passive reporting verb? Does the tense of the underlined passive reporting verb always match the time of the event that is reported? In which sentence(s) is the agent included? Why is it included here? Why do we often find this type of verb in news reports and in academic writing? 6 Work in pairs. Rephrase each sentence using the ‘word in parentheses and passive reporting verbs. 1 We don’t really know why women take more selfies than men, It isn't really known why women take more sefies than men. ‘Many have said that the social pressure on women to Took good is an important factor. (t) People also believe that the proportion of men, x sing. (The proportion) ‘Someone reported that last year pictures: of ordinary people outnumbered those of celebrities by a million to one. (Last year, pictures of ordinary people) No one expects the selfie phenomenon to end soon. (The selfie phenomenon) People think that it will begin to decrease in the coming years. (It) 7 Complete the headlines from the radio news. Use the correct form of the passive reporting verbs. 1 Twomen (ceport / be arrested) earlier today in connection with a robbery downtown. 2 Builders (cay / work) around the clock to finish the new stadium in time for the official opening, on July 12 3. The government (expect / announce) big tax cuts later today. 4. Aportrait, which Gaim / be Picasso's lastever painting, will go on sale later today. 5 it (suggest) that a photo showing water on the surface of Mars isa fake. 8 Work in pairs. Write three sentences announcing a piece of news using passive reporting verbs. Use the words in the boxes to help you. Then read your sentences to another pair. Question each other about further details of the story ‘Tw0 walkers are reported to have gone missing during their trip around the world People or things nog wo walkers 2 famous celebrity tip around the world @ firefighter ‘the U.S. president a photo an app. $100 million an old coin fearon Perea expect fear know say suggest suppose think Speaking EG 9 Work in small groups. Read the statements and, discuss if you agree with them. 1. The obsession with self-image is feared to be ‘causing an increase in insecurity among young, people. 2 Its said that overuse of social media has given us “geasshopper minds” (ie.,a very short atiention span). 3. The huge volume of information that we now have to process is believed to have made us better critical thinkers, 4. The fact that you can make comments anonymously and froma distance is often said to be the reason why a lot of online comments are angry and aggressive. Unit 7 The dial world @7b Creating a buzz Listening 1 Workin pairs, Answer the questions. Then discuss your answers 1 What kind of advertising do you take most notice of: TV, magazine, online, other? 2. Has any new company or product attracted your interest recently? How did they do this? 2. Work in pais, Look at the photo and answer the questions 1. What ae the children selling? What benefits are they offering the buyer? 3. What advertising tools do they ase to communicate these benefits? 3. [REEL Work in pairs. Listen to an interview with a social media marketing specialist, Sarah Palmer, and answer the questions According to Sarah: 1 What kind of customers can you get with successful social media marketing? 2 What two companies are good examples of this? 4 [HEEL Listen to the interview again. According to Sarah, are the statements true (T) of false (F)? 1 Good marketing means getting TOE customers to share their enthusiasm, about your company with others 2 Customers aren'treally interested == TF in the story behind the products they are buying. 3 National Geographic uses special TOF offers to sell its products. 4 Itis difficult to involve the TOF customer if you are selling a more everyday product 5 The interactive tour of the teas TOF of China on the tea company’s website is too serious, Idioms business buzz words 5 A “buzz word" is a word or expression that is fashionable at the moment. There are many examples in business. Work in pairs. Look at the words in bold from the interview and discuss what they mean 1 We hear about companies being customer- focused all the time these days, 2. And if you can provide those things, and get them to buy into your story, 3. Ourresearch into social media marketing has given us some great examples of best practices, 6 Match the business buzz, words (1-6) with the correct definition (2-9. 1. How much are we talking about? Give me a ballpark figure, 2. This is the area we need to concentrate on going, forward. —_ 3 Keep me in the loop. I'm interested to know what happ. 4 Great. I'm glad that we're on the same page. 5 Finding out we weren't the only ones developing this product was a big reality check. 6 Wsa win-win situation, — advantageous to both sides _ moment to face the true facts rough estimate inthe future ©. understand each other f up to date with eventsGrammar nominalization 7 Lookat the grammar box. Compare the pairs of sentences (with and without nominalization). Then say if sentences (a-b) below are true (T) or fase (F) Nominalization allows us to: a make an action into a noun, TOF 1b express ideas more concisely TOF and objectively, & Rewrite these phrases, Use nominalized forms of the bold verbs, 1 He intends to .. His isto. 2. After they announced the winner ... Following the of the winner 3. No one knew they had discovered it. No one knew of their . 4. Lappreciate that you are concerned, appreciate your 9 Complete the transformation of these sentences. ‘Use nominalized forms of the underlined words 1. How quickly a company responds to a complaint indicates clearly how interested they are in keeping their customers satisfied, ‘Acompany’s steed of complaint is a clear in customer : 2 When you interact with customers on social ‘media it can be risky, because people will post negative as well as positive things. ‘with customers on social media of receiving negative ‘a5 well as positive ones, toa of their true brings the 10 Rewrite the sentences, nominalizing the bold words. You will need to make other changes too (eg. prepositions). 1. Ifyou want to be successful, you need to prepare well and work hard. ‘comes from and. . 2. People who lead well are able to say thank you to the people who work for them. have to ‘thank 3. Ifyou are honest in business, your business partners will respect you. will earn you ‘your business partners, 4 When companies compete with each other, they are forced to reduce costs leads toa costs. Work in pairs. Change the following sentences using the nominalized form of the word in bold, and the passive form of the verbs in brackets. 1 We paid by direct bank transfer. (make) Payment was made 2. We have arranged for the guests to stay in local hotels, (make) 3. They will decide tomorrow. (make) 4 Noone explained the long delay in. delivery. (give) 5. You should complain in writing to the customer services department. (make) 6 They researched the new drug over a ten-year period. (carry out) 7 You can’t photograph the inside of the building. (take) Speaking Ei 12. Answer the questions. Then work in pairs and ‘compare your answers, 1 Make a list of six things you have bought recently (clothes, food, gadgets, household products, etc), Which are brands that you are loyal to? 2. Explain why you are loyal to these brands. Is it because of: + their quality or image? + what others say about them? + their social media marketing? # other? Unit 7 Te dial world @7c A hacker’s life Reading 4. Work in pairs, How careful are you about your online security? Discuss what you do to keep your data safe and what more you could do. 2. Look at the two definitions of a hacker. Which, definition fits your idea of a hacker? Then read the article about a hackers’ conference on page 87 and. say what the author's view is. hacker (0) rhekart 1 an enthusiastic and skillful compucer programmer 2. a person who uses computers co gain unauthorized access co data 3B Read the article again and answer the questions. Compare your answers with your partner's, 1 What do DEF CON hackers do to help improve internet our? 2. Wha isa comuton nsconcepton about who hackers arch, 3, What do hackers ook at apart rom online 4 Whar do hackers do with thelnformation hey ind? 3 What dos the wre like about the people at BEF CON? 6 What pase sums up what Capture the Fag is? 7 What deste writer tink about the passwords wed by mos! internet users? What wal motivates the hackers DEE CON? 4 Flas your opinion of hackers changed after reading this article? How? Discuss with your partner 5 Find and underline collocations in the article that mean the following: aa feeling of pride in achieving something. (para 1) b avery false des iption (para 2) © allack of politeness (para 5) with poor lighting (para 6) © a person who is expert in (and obsessed ‘with) computer technology (para 8) f Targe-scale or important commercial activity (para) Critical thinking identifying personal opinion 6 Work in pairs. Underline the adjectives and adverbs in the article that the writer uses to ‘express his personal opinion about hackers and what they do for us “Every year, passionate hackers meet “(para 2) 7 Work in pairs. Summarize the author's views about the following things. a hackers b the DEF CON convention © most internet users Word focus break & Work in pairs. Find an expression with break in paragraph I and discuss what it means. Then look at these expressions (1-6) and discuss what you think they mean. 1. The manager called everyone together to break. the news about the company closing, 2. During the first class, the teacher got us to play a couple of games to break the ice. Once you get into playing video games every night, it's Very difficult to break the habit. 4 You really should buy a new pair of shoes. It won't break the bank 5. Isa very big job, but I think we've broken the back of it now. 6 We didn’t make a profit, bt I think at least we broke even 9 Waite a sentence using one of the expressions ‘with break from Exercise 8. Read it to your partner, ‘omitting the phrase, and ask them to guess what the missing phrase is Speaking 410 Work in pairs. Look at the survey on page 154 and. ask each other the questions. Then evaluate each other's attitude to security on a scale of 1 t0 5 (5 = very aware, 1 = unconcerned) and exposure to risk (= very safe, 1 = very exposed)” 20 as 2 Have you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to break in? First, you get a sense of accomplishment in succeeding. But then comes the worrying realization that if you, an amateur, can break into your own home, a professional could do it, five times faster. So you look for the weak points in your security and fix them. This is more or less how the DEF CON Hacking Conference works. Every year, passionate hackers meet at the DEF CON convention in Las Vegas to present their knowledge and capabilities. Mention the word “hacker,” and ‘many of us picture a seventeen-year-old in bedroom, illegally hacking into the U.S.s defense secrets in the Pentagon. But that is actually a gross misrepresentation of what most hackers do. The experiments that take place at DEF CON have an enormous impact on our daily lives. The hackers there are computer addicts who love the challenge of finding security gaps. They examine all kinds of systems, from the internet, to mobile communications, to household door lacks. Their findings are dutifully passed on to the industries that design these systems. | saw a great example of this when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks. The presenters showed us significant weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was easily defeated by @ paper clip. Although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were then contacted by the hackers, not all of them responded, DEF CON is a vast mix of cultures as welll as a culture in itself. People in dark clothes and ripped jeans talk to people in suits and ties. Social status here Is based 35 « 6 ry ry ‘on knowledge and accomplishment, not on clothing labels or what car you drive. It’s refreshing, There are government agents here, as well as video game ‘enthusiasts, But no one asks where you work—that would be bad manners. DEF CON runs various competitions during the Ga conference, the most famous of which is Capture the Flag. This is a cyber game of attack and defense between the best hackers. In a dimly lit conference room, small groups of hackers si, trying elther to break into or to protect a system. There are huge video projections on the walls, and pizza boxes and coffee cups strewn everywhere. It's mesmerizing, In another room, participants compete against the clock: they have five minutes to free themselves from handcuffs, escape from their “cell,” get past a guard, retrieve their passport, leave through another locked door, and make their escape to freedom, Hf you're someone who dismisses the DEF CON attendees as a group of computer geeks, then you may be someone who has the same password for ninety percent of your online transactions. If this is the case, you are in trouble. Even someone who thinks they're being clever by using their grandmother's birth date backward as a secure key is no match for the dedicated people that | met. But it isn't just criminals we need to protect our data from. Big business is also trying to get more information about our personal online habits. Sadly, we have few tools to protect ourselves. But there is 2 group of people who are fanatical about online freedom and safety and have the means to help us. Many of them can be found at DEF CON. The digital world (87Real life making a podcast 1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 How do you prefer to access news stories and reports? Which do you think is the most trustworthy source? Why? a. print © video b internet audio 2. What kind of news stories particularly interest you? Explain why. business travel politics entertainment science and environment sports other 2 [HEEL Look at the photo. Deseribe it and say what You think is happening. What kind of news report is this going to be? Listen to the podcast and check your answer. 3 [HEE Listen to the news report again and answer the questions 1 What does the presenter say was a mystery until now? 2 What does Martin Roddick say scientists have just learned? 4 Pronunciation new words a With new words, try to look for clues to their pronunciation. For example: ‘Is there a familiar prefix or suffix? * Isa vowel followed by a single or a double consonant? Does the length or type of word tell you where the stress is likely to be? Work in pairs and try to guess the pronunciation of these words from the podcast. glowing bioluminescent phytoplankton Martin Roddick predators emitted b DRE Listen and check your answers to Exercise da, 5 Speaking skill hedging language [EEE When we aren’t absolutely certain of facts, wwe commonly use “hedging” language. Read the hedging expressions in the Language Box below. Listen to the podcast again and write the correct hedging expression (a-i) used in each statement 1. glowing blue waves are '_ one of the most spectacular sights in nature 2. there area lot of sea creatures that are bioluminescent. 3 most of these creatures __ live in the deep 4 or just lighting its way as it moves around. an electrical force in the phytoplankton’s body causes a chemical reaction, 6 __ the electricity is generated by motion in the water. Itseemslappears that . D, .. tend6s) 10... c. This suggests that... d. It’s reasonable to assume that... ‘e. Weccan probably conclude that £ There are estimated to be g There are thought to be A. Arguably... |. Probably / Possibly / Most likely / Perhaps 6 Work in two groups of three. You are going to make a news podcast about a recent discovery. Group A:Turn to page 1 Group B: Turn to page 155. Read the information. Read the information, © Discuss what you are to say and prepare the story. Remember to use hedging language. ‘© Practice reading the story aloud, concentrating fon pace and clear pronunciation.7e The Invisible Man Writing a news report 1. Read the advice given to journalists below. Then look at the photo and ttle ofthe article and, with ‘your partner, write six questions ‘A good news report should answer the five Ws and the H—who, what, where, when, why, and how—as quickly as possible for the reader before giving further details or information, 2 Read the news report and look for the answers to {your questions, Did you find them quickly? 3. Which paragraph does the following: gives the writer’s opinion? __ b gives essential information? © explains the details? __ 4 Writing skill cautious language a News reports (and academic reports) use cautious language when the information given cannot be verified 100%. Find an example of each of the following types of cautious language in the report. adverbs that make generalizations (para 1) passive reporting verbs (para 2) adverbs that speculate about a fact (para 2) modal verbs that express possibility (para 3) the verbs seem or appear (para 3) Work in pars. Rewrite these sente words given to express more caution the facts presented 1. His pictures carry a strong social message. (generally) 2. He created a sculpture of then US President Barack Obama. He greatly admires him. (apparently) 3. His work makes people think mote about their surroundings. (might) 4 He wants to draw our attention to what we cannot see in a picture. (seems) 5 Wiite a short news report about something that happened in your town or schoo! recently. Use “the five Wis and the H” to know what information ‘you should include, and follow the structure in Exercise 3. Write around 150 words MAN Innis work—created in the summer of 2011 at his Bejing studio—Chinese artist Liu Bolin blends into a background of ‘a supermarket soft drinks display. When his assistants had finished painting him in, he seemed to have disappeared. 5 Entitled Ptastcizer, the piece expresses Baln's shook at the discovery of plasticizer in food products, Plasticizer is rnomnally used to make meterials Ike cement more flexible, Such pictures have made Bolin internationally famous, ‘Which is ironic because itis said he originally used them to, 10 make a statement about feeling ignored by society. Bolin loves the challenge of blending into any surroundings: a building site, a telephone booth, a national monument. No ‘ick photography or Photoshopping is used, so careful planning is needed for each image. First, before entering 45 the scene, he tels the photographer how he would Ike the picture to look. Then, he asks his assistant to paint him in, This process can take up to ten hours while Bolin stands completely stil, presumably in some discomfort 1 The pictures may be unusual, but they appear to have 120 appealed to people all over the world because, more recently, Bolin has received commissions to do similar paintings in New York, Paris, Venice, Rome, and London. 6 Exchange news reports with your partner. Use these questions to check your reports + Does the report answer the six basic questions? + Does it follow the paragraph structure in Exercise 3? Does it use cautious language appropriately? Unit 7 The dial world @= Iking dictionariesBefore you watch 1. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. Can you think of three languages that are spoken in more than one country? Which is, the most widespread? 2. Isyour first language spoken in another country? Ifs0, where? 3. Isanother language, such as English, replacing or influencing your first language or other languages in your country? 2 How can we save lesser spoken languages from being dominated or replaced by “world” languages? Ist important to do this? Why o why not? 3 Key vocabulary @ Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in the video. Guess the meaning of the words, 1 The elephant is now an endangered species. 2. He said that he would not have won the award without the collaboration of his, colleagues, 3. They published a lexicon of terms used in social media. 4 Swallows are migratory birds that travel from northern Europe to North Africa each fll 5. There are very few indigenous people left on the islands: most are foreign settlers. b Match the words in bold in Exercise 3a with these definitions. a adictionary or word list 'b regularly traveling from one place to another © native 4 atrisk (of dying out) fe working together While you watch 4 CORBIN Watch all three parts of the video and compare your answers from Exercise [Link] what the speaker says. 5 CREB Work in pairs. Watch Part 1 of the video again. Answer the questions. 1 How many of the world’s languages are endangered? 2 Why are these languages dying out? 3. What are the more technologically aware communities doing to preserve their languages? FEA Watch Part 2 of the video again, Then ‘complete the summary of the Talking Dictionaries project using one word per space. ‘The aim of Talking Dictionaries is to give endangered languages a first-ever! ‘on the 2 An example is Siletz Dee-ni from ‘Oregon, USA, which has only one* speaker. Words are recorded and made into a talking, dictionary. The rich vocabulary helps you appreciate the cultural * . The dictionary can then be used to’ the language. 7 CRED Work in pairs. Watch Part 3 of the video again, Answer the questions. 1. What did the Papuan New Guinean villagers ask the Enduring Voices team? 2 What message did seeing the Matukar talking, dictionary on the internet send to people? What is special about the Tuvan talking dictionary? Who do the Talking Dictionaries team want to spread the message of the importance of linguistic diversity to? 3 4 After you watch 8 Vocabulary in context EY Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases. Complete the sentences in your own words. Then compare your sentences with a partner. 1 Lalways feel revitalized after 2. Talking to ... gave mea real insight into 3 We mustn't devalue ... because it plays a really important tole. 9 Work in groups of three oF four. You are going to make your own small talking dictionary. Think of words or short phrases that are typical of your language and culture (e.g., social life, food, geography, weather) © Make a list of five or six of these and write an, English translation for each. ‘Read your phrases and their translations to your ‘group. Then ask each other questions about why you ‘chose these particular words or phrases, 410 Do you think that the internet helps promote cultural diversity, of does it make cultures more similar land homogenous? Give examples to support your arguments Unit 7 The dial world @UNIT 7 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar 1 Read the article. What is the Mariana Trench, and ‘what was Cameron's aim in visiting it? 2 Work in pais, Complete the article by making passive reporting verbs from the words in italics. You ‘will need to use the correct verb form and tense, 1 it/say / be one of the greatest achievements in exploration since we put a man on the moon. In March 2012, James Cameron piloted a one-person. submersible to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. ‘The trench, which ? know / be the deepest part of the ‘ocean, is 120 times larger than the Grand Canyon. Although */t already / know how the Mariana ‘Trench was formed, Cameron hoped that he would learn more about what was living in the deep ocean, ‘A famous Hollywood director (Titanic and Avatar), Cameron *say /have this ambition since he was a ‘child. in achieving it, he became one of only three people to have dived to Earth's deepest point, and the only one to have stayed lang enough to look around. In 1960, Swiss engineer Jacques Piccard and US navy ‘captain Don Walsh spent twenty minutes in the Mariana depths, but without discovering much. Their submarine disturbed a lot of mud, making it difficult ‘to observe the seabed. 3 ESXMED Rewrite these sentences from the article using nominalization. Then discuss why we sometimes use nominalization in writing, 1 Cameron hoped that he would learn more about what was living in the deep ocean, ‘Cameron's was to gain a greater about in the deep 2. The submarine disturbed a lot of mud, making it difficult to observe the seabed. The large of mud made of the seabed difficult. Vocabulary 4. Complete these senten using the correct verbs, You have been given the frst letter. 1 Tew the wedding photos onto this website. Just c oon the link here. 2 Doyou know her? She w. a really funny b about life in Ireland, 3. Before you buy a new laptop, you should see which ones have been favorably 1 4. Readers of o ‘spapers ©. readers of printnewspapers by ten to one. 5. BSED Mateh the two parts of th words, Then discuss the meanings with your partner. 1. ballpark © a practices 2 onthesame o 0 b check 3. best © 0 page 4. reality ood figure 5 going oe win 6 win © £ forward Real life 6 Work in pairs, Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so that the speaker sotinds less certain of the fact 1. Gorillas are shy creatures. (tend) 2. There are around 340 different breeds of dog. (estimated) 3 We can conclude that this is the main ca the problem. (reasonably) 4 Noone knows the real reason. (appears) 5 This demonstrates that the current regulations are ineffective. (suggests) 7 Work in pairs. Use the hedging phrases in Exercise 6 to make four statements about ‘exploration of the deep sea and James Cameron. ‘Then compare statements with another paiz.FEATURES World music A musician talks about cultural influences Healing music ‘The power of music One love Bob Marley A biopic Avideo about a documentary on the life of Bob Marley The music in us Look at the photo, What isa street musician, and what kind of music do they play? Isit common to see street musicians in your country? Listen to a street musician talking about her experiences Make notes on the following points. 1 why she started performing on the street 2 how her career developed 3. what the future holds for her Comple Discus the pairs of expressions (1-6) using these words. the differences in meaning between each pai. acoustic amateur hum live Iyrics__—_ solo recorded music and music an electric guitar and a(n) guitar tosing a song and to atune a professional musician and a(n) musician to write the music and to write the a band and a(n) artist Work in groups. Discuss these questions. 1 How important is music to you? When do you listen to music? 2 What kind of music do you like? Who are your favorite singers 93He has been traveling around the word for ust under two years, collecting ideas for his new album, so we thought it was time to catch up with Justin Cape. Wh Justin, you've just spent alot oftime studying and 5 experimenting with musical styles in other countries. What's your aim? Are you trying to make music with a more universal appeal? JC: No, that’s not my goal realy. International—that’s to say commercial—pop music already has mass global appeal. just get very excited when I hear new types of music and that’s an 1 excitement lke to share with others. Reading 3 1. Work in groups. Answer the questions, 1 How different are musical tastes betw: different generations (e.g., you and your parents)? 2 Do you listen to music from other countries and cultures? If so, who or what? 2. Read the interview with a musician. Which of the statements (a-c) best represents his main message? 4 International pop music has damaged musical diversity 4 Its fascinating to study music from other cultures You find out a lot about people from what they are singing about. 8a World music WM: But for many people, those different styles aren't very accessible, are they? JC: No, they can be difficult to appreciate, but I don't think that’s so surprising, Tastes are often just a question of habit, lke the food you eat. Not many American teenagers listen to Indian sitar music in just the same way that nat many Indians eat pizza and fries. But I think f you get over that initial strangeness, discovering new musical styles can be incredibly rewarding, wi ‘So, what musics exciting you at the moment? ve been listening toa lot of music from Mall, particularly a group called Tinariwen, which plays an upbeat ‘mix of Middle Eastern and African music. Actually, 'm just ‘working on a song that incorporates those influences. Ive also been listening toa collection of Mexican-Iish songs 25 produced by Ry Cooder. He's also abit of a musical nomad ‘with pretty eclectic tastes. You probably know him already from his collaborations with African and Cuban artists. WM: Yes,| do, And do you find the things people sing about vary alot from culture to culture? 0 Not really. Themes ae pretty universl-love, heartbreak hopes forthe future nostalgia, challenging social rules, and often just daily ife. But themes are aso linked to the times: western rock music in the sixties was often about independence and breaking out whereas musicinthe early 35 2000 was more introspective and about personal feelings. ‘What do find, though, wherever go is that each new ‘generation feels that their muscis speaking ust to them, as ifthe same feelings hadn't been experienced before. Match the references (1-4) with the point they illustrate (a-d). American teenagers and International pop musi Ry Cooder and Mexican-Iris 60s rock —_ Other people are interested in researching different musical styles b_ Some music is a product of its time, ‘There is some music that is universally popular dl Musical tastes depend on what you are used to hearing. Find adjectives in the interview with these meanings. easy to relate to or understand satisfying positive or cheerful varied and diverse looking inward, analyzing yourselfGrammar the adverb just 8 Pronunciation expressions with just @ Work in pairs. Look at the phrases and discuss in what situations people would say them, What do you think each phrase was a response to? Justa minute. 'l get my coat. Phew! Justin time. It’s OK. It’s just one of those things. No, thanks. I'm just looking. Oh, Twas just about to call you. Yes, please bring some, just in case. It just goes to show no one’s perfect. b [EET Listen to the conversations and compare your ‘answers. Then practice saying the phrases in Exercise 8a ‘with the same pronunciation 5 Workin pairs. Look at the grammar box. Find at least one more example of each use € Work in pairs. Choose five of the phrases and make new ‘of just in the text. Then answer the questions. short conversations using them. 1 Whats the postion of jus! when the sorditadds neni fo Speaking Beep eaition? 9. Work in groups. The ist below contains the hundred most ¢ anoun? used words in pop song titles inthe last 100 years (with 2 Inwhich sentences (ftom the article) common words like the, to, I, you, my, don't, etc, filtered does just have the following meaning: cout). First, check you know what the words mean. Then, a alittle a exactly follow this procedure. b simply © recently 1 Each person should think of five of their favorite pop © only person sony titles (eluding any you know in English). 6 Put ust inthe mast appropriate place 2. Check if the song titles contain one or more of these in these sentences. There is sometimes words. more flan one posible ancwer, Workin 3. Discuss what the most common themes are in the songs pairs. Discuss the meaning of just in each that you thought of, Sentence. 1 If you took the time to listen to Ry_ ain't. alone angel arms around away baby bad Cooder, you'd definitely like him. beautiful believe blue boy change Christmas 2. ve been listening to a live concert on. “ ap “ the radio. comes crazy cry dance days dear dream 3. Ws over five years since they performed ‘ever everybody everything eyes fall feel fire in New York A 4. The concert sin an old theater behind ae aR the bank downtown, heart heaven hey hold kiss la lady leave 5 Idon’t listen to the lyrics; I like the life light tonely love lover mama man mind 6 Is anidea, but why don’t you ty to mine miss moon moonlight morning Mr. music get the tickets on eBay? night nobody oh people play please rain red remember river rock roll rose sing. smile 7 Complete these sentences with justin your ‘own words. Then compare your sentences somebody something song soul star stay stop with your partner's, street summer sun sweet sweetheart talk tears 1. Ifyou don’t mind, 11 just . theme things think tonight town true walk 2 Don’t worry. It's just (a) ... wanna wish woman wonderful world young 3. My home is just... 4 Hilcall you back. I'm just . 5. Wve just Units the msicinus @= 8b Healing music Listening 41 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1 How do different types of music affect your mood? 2. Think of examples of when you use music to affect your mood (e.g., when driving a car). 2. EXEL which of the following therapeutic benefits do you think music has? Explain your reasons. Then listen to a talk by a neuroscientist and check (¢) the properties she mentions. relieving stress relieving pain Dy helping sleep i preventing heart disease improving general well-being helping with language difficulties 1 improving memory 3. [HEE Workin pairs. Complete the notes, Then listen to the neuroscientist again and check your The body rofenses endorphins to help dent with and produce feetings of “The same parts of the brain used to process and Music could hefp people with dystexin and other disorders. Gottfried Schlag treated people who had music therapy for dementia and memory, Loss is important because these Kinds of itfnesses are becoming Idioms music 4. Look at the idiom in bold from the talk. What do you think it means? ‘This news should be music to our ears.” 5 Match the music idioms (1-4) with the correct meaning (ad), 1 You've changed your tune. You've always said you don’t like foreign vacations 2. Her talk about working irregular hours struck a chord with the audience of nurses. 3. It’s a mistake to plan what you are going to say ata job interview. Just play it by ear. 4 Tdon‘t want to Blow my own horn, but actually, I think I did an excellent job. a shout about one’s achievements b_ givea different opinion from your original on seemed very relevant to__ d take things as they come 6 Think of examples of the following, Then work in pairs and compare your ideas. 1 someone you know who often blows his or her own horn 2. something you read that really struck a chord, with you 3. a situation where it is best to play things by earGrammar purpose and result 7 Work in pairs. Look at the grammar box. Answer the questions 1. What grammatical form follows a) fo / in order to /s0 as t0? b) for? c) so Hhat? 2. Which sentence describes the function or use of a thing? 3. What type of words follow a) so and b) such in a result clause? 4. Do we use so or such when the word before the noun is much, many, little, oF few? 8 Work in pairs. Use the words in parentheses to rowrite the clauses expressing purpose ‘When pronouncing words in anew language, we often use sounds that are similar to those in our own language ' because we don’t want to sound sily (60 as), But if we want to pronounce (order) the new sounds properly, we must overcome this fear. Here are a few ideas * so that you can improve (for) your pronunciation. First, try to get the sounds right from the very beginning because otherwise you will develop (avoid) bad habits. Secondly, exaggerate the sounds of the new language” because then you get (so that) as close to native pronunciation as you can. Thirdly, sing songs in the target language * because it will ‘help you lose (to) your inhibitions. 9 Work in pairs. Write three tips of your own about Jearning English. Use expressions of purpose. ‘Then share your ideas with the class, 10 Workin pairs. Rewrite these sentences using a result clause with s0 or such... that. Write two versions of each sentence (one with so and one with suc) where possible, 1. The line for taxis was very long, For that reason ‘we decided to walk. 2. feel really nervous about this trip because I have very little experience of traveling 3. She's very determined. So I think she's bound to succeed. 4. don’ think we'll ever agree because there are big differences between us. 5 He has a lot of good ideas. That’s why he never knows which ones to develop. 11 Complete these sentences in your own words using a clause with so or such. Then compare your answers with your partner. 1... that I can‘t stop listening to it. 2... that I can’t wait to go there again. 3... that [felt better almost immediately. 4... that I've decided to find out more about it. 2. Read this example ofa musical therapy game for elderly people. Explain what its purpose is and what results you could expect from it. In two teams, the group hears an excerpt of a well-known song from the past. The first ‘team must try to name the song to win one point. If they cannot name it, the other team has the chance to answer. For an extra point, ‘the team that has named the song can sing or say the next line in the song. Speaking 13 What do you do to:a) relieve stress; b) feel better when you're down; or ¢) help yourself remember things? Discuss with a partner and try to use ‘expressions of purpose and result in your answers, I get so stressed by my work sometimes that I can’t think about anything else. find the best thing to get it ‘off my mind is just to chat aed joke with friends. Units the msicinus @®Reading 11 Work in pairs. Think of four famous pop artists. What do you know about them? 2. Read the review. Then look at the headlines about Bob Marley. Do you think the writer of the review agrees (A), partly agrees (P), or disagrees (D) with them? SU RCGIE am = SOCIAL BL |mmuionsin tmp WORLD LOOK TO MARLEY MARLEY ASAHERO = SQNGS EX_MARLEY was av ABSENT FATHER EZ] NEWFILMREVEALS [E_|sivczr wo. MUCH ABOUTREGGAE SPREAD. STAR'S LIFE HARMONY 3 Find words in the review with the following meanings. 1 someone who rescues or saves people (para )_____ 2. sections of film or a short film (para 2) 3. a:poor, neglected area ofa city, often with high crime (para 3). 4 person who doesn’t fit into a group (para 3)_____ 5 taken from your home or homeland (para 5)__ 6 different sides in a dispute (para 6) 7 ina state of great happiness (para 7) Critical thinking identifying key points 4 Work in pairs. Identity in the text at least five key events or factors in Bob Marley's life that you think contributed to making him the person he was and the superstar he now is. 5. Work with another pair. Compare yout ideas. Did you identify the same key points? Is there one thing that makes Bob Marley stand out as an artist? Do you think the author would agree? Word focus hit 6 Look at this sentence from the review. What does the ‘word hit mean in this context? his frst hit coming when he wi only eighteen.” 7 Look atthe sentences using expressions with hit, Match the expressions in bold with the correct definition (a-e) 1. The recruitment process is kind of hit or miss, I think: it doesn’t guarantee that we're going to get good people. 2 They tooka big hit when the stock market rashed. 43. The vdeo game that you bought was areal hit with Ts east stopp playing 4 think you hit anetve when you ald edo that he reed to study harder Did you sce his expression? 5. You hit the nail on the head there, Kirsten. Damien really is just a kid ina grown-up’s body. a big success suffer a financial loss © mentiona sensitive point 8 Make sentences of your own using two of the expressions from Exercise 7. Then read the sentences to your partner leaving out the phrase with hit. Can your partner gue ‘which phrase is missing? Speaking io 9 Work in groups. In 1976, Bob Marley organized a concert for peace called “Smile Jamaica,” You are going to ‘organize a charity concert to raise money for children. affected by poverty. Decide on the following elements. not consistently successful © sum up something exactly the name and venue what age group you want to attract which artists you will invite to perform how it will raise money how you will link the event to the theme of children in povertyBo 6 20 26 61} Why is Bob Marley such an important figure in 36 popular music? He was not the first person to Introduce reggae to a wider audience outside the West Indies, but he remains the only global reggae superstar. However, Marley and his music represent ‘more than just great pop. Indeed, in many developing 40 countries, he is celebrated as some kind of savior, symbol of hope. To understand why this is, one needs: to know more about the man and his background. This is where the documentary, Marley, fascinates, even if it does not provide all the answers. Containing #5 alot of previously unseen footage— interviews, performances, recording sessions—the film provides an insight into the mind and motivation of a musician whose life was cut tragically short: Marley died of cancer in 1981, aged 36. Er Born in a poor ghetto of Kingston, Jamaica, Marley had a passion for music and began recording at a young age, his first hit coming when he was only eighteen. His difficult environment instilled in him a keen sense of social justice that was expressed in his music. His mixed-race origins taught him what it felt lke to be an outsider: his father was a white Jamaican who worked as a British marine officer; his mother a black Jamaican who married at eighteen, 8 His father was rarely present and died when Bob was 60 only ten years old. Did this absence have any bearing on Mary's behavior toward his own children, of whom there were eleven? In the film, his daughter, Cedella, talks about her difficulty in getting her father to notice her. But neither she, nor any others in the family,has a 65 bbad word to say about him. There is no sense that he did not have time for ther; simply that his duty was first and foremost to music and its power to effect change. ‘Shortly after his marriage to Rita Anderson in 1966, Marley became a Rastafarian, a faith that champions the right of black Africans taken into slavery to return one day 10 Africa, So while themes of social injustice and hardship in the shanty towns of Kingston, Jamaica, characterize early ‘songs like “Trenchtown Rock” and “I Shot the Sheriff” itis the theme of a displaced people that is dominant in later songs: "Exodus" and “Redemption Song.” But whether the songs deal with injustice or with dislocation, they stil contain the sentiments of unity and love that run through all his work. Marley himself ‘maintained that, “People want to listen to a message. This could be passed through me or anybody. | am not a leader, but a messenger." Ths is too modest. Marley experienced hardship and even put his life on the line for justice. In 1976, he took risks to organize a free concert in his hometown of Kingston called “Smile Jamaica,” The concert was intended to unite the warring political factions in Jamaica, but while preparing for it, he was the victim of ‘an assassination attempt that left him wounded. Aheartfelt message and an appeal to people in hardship are certainly key to Marley's enduring status as a songwriter. However, what really strikes you watching this film is the magic of his performances. The music sounds as fresh as it was when it was first recorded—Marley himself is lost init, living each note as he spins and jumps ecstatically around the stage, Even after two and a half hours of the documentary, you sill eel thore are many unanswered questions about the rman who became tho first Third World superstar. But ion't that the nature of great people who die young? They leave Us wanting more. The musicinusDesert Island Dises Real life your favorite music 1 Work in pairs. Read the description of a popular radio show in the UK. Do you have a similar program in your country? What is it? Discuss with, your partner. ( Desert sland Discs sa radio program that has been running on BBC radio since 1942. Each week a guest is interviewed about their life. The basis of the show is that the guest is invited to be a castaway on a desert island. They are allowed to take with them ‘eight pieces of music, a book, and one luxury item. During the program they talk about their life and | the reasons for thelr choles of music. 2. EH isten to-a castaway talking about himself and answer the questions. 1. What is this man’s job? 2 Inwhat way has he been successful? 3. What kind of music does he choose, and why does he choose it? 3 Speaking skill responding to questions [REE Look at the expressions for responding t0 questions. Then listen to the castaway again and answer the questions in pairs. a What questions does the interviewer ask? b_ Which phrases does Frank Steel use in his answers? ‘That's a good /an interesting question. I've never really thought about it Its not something I've often thought about. | don’t really look at it ike that. honestly don't know. couldn't really tell you. That's hard to say. 4 ‘Work in pairs. Think of three questions to ask your partner about their life (e.g., about their choice of career, their favorite things, their hobbies, their lifestyle). Then answer each question using one of the phrases in the box. Do you think your paren career? ts influenced your choice of Pronunciation intonation to express uncertainty [REE We often use a “wavering” intonation —rising and falling in the same phrase or sentence—to express uncertainty. Listen tothe plirases in the box and notice the rise and fal ofthe speaker's intonation. ‘Then practice saying the phrases. [REE say these phrases with a “wavering” intonation. Then listen and check. 1 perhaps 2 maybe 3. Tmnotsure 4 Tean’tsay Work in pairs. You are going to act out a Desert Island Dises interview. Follow these steps. Write down some details about yourself so that the interviewer has some information to work With, Include your job and education, interests, and personal achievements, ‘+ Exchange notes with your partner and prepare questions to ask each other. ‘+ Think of two pieces of music you would like to take to a desert island and your reasons for choosing them. Also think of one luxury item. ‘+ Act out the interviews, taking turns playing the parts of interviewer and castaway. Did you find out anything interesting or new about your partner?8e Fado Writing a description 11 Work in pairs. Describe a traditional form of music in your country to your partner, giving a few details: its style, its themes, its history, its popular appeal now. 2 Read the description of Fado, a traditional style of music from Portugal, and answer the question 1. How would you sum up what this style of 2. Who was it originally intended for? 3. Work in pairs. Look at the elements of a description and find an example of each one in the text. It describes feelings. It tries to convey an atmosphere. It uses simile. ‘The author addresses the reader directly. 4 wri 9 skill parallel structures Look at the sentences from the description, Notice how the words that follow the phrases in bold balance. For example, in 1, eilfter and or are followed by a pronoun + verb. What parallel structures are used in the other sentences (2-4)? 1... either you'll love it or you'll hate it Like the blues, Fado songs tell of ..., but unlike the blues, the songs focus on 3... ofbeing separated from either a loved one oF your home, or something you can never regain. 4 Mariza has broadened Fado's appeal by fusing it with other musical traditions .. and by touring the world with her music Work in pairs. Rewrite these sentences using parallel structures 1. Mariza is young, talented and she has lots of energy. Mariza is young, talented, and energetic. 2. She sings both traditional songs and she sings more modern songs. 3. You can either make a reservation in advance, or it’s possible to pay at the door. 4 You can spend hours wandering around thé old town, visiting cafés. You can also listen to live music ‘THE FADO OF LISBON by Jay Rowsell People say about Fado that either you'll love it or you'll hate it. One thing is certain: you can’t ignore it. It has been compared to the blues—because the songs are sad—but with Fado the intensity of the emotion is greater, piercing the listener's body like a knife, Like the blues, Fado songs tell of pain and hardship, but unlike ‘the blues, the songs focus on the pain of separation: ct being separated from either a loved one or your home, (or something you can never regain. Perhaps that is not surprising when you consider that Portugal isa country with a long tradition of sailors and voyagers. ‘When | first saw a fadista perform in a dimly lit café cone sultry evening in Lisbon twenty years ago, | was ignorant both of the Fado music tradition and of the Portuguese language. But that didn't matter, because ‘the sheer drama of the music told its own story. In ‘those days, Fado was a style of music that was known only in Portugal and a few of its former colonies: Brazil, Angola, and Mozambique. Now, with the help of stars like Mariza, it has an international following. Mariza has broadened Fado’s appeal by fusi ith other ‘musical traditions—Spanish flamenco and Brazilian jazz, for example—and by touring the world with her music But to hear traditional Fado, you should go where its roots are—the Alfama district of Lisbon. You may hate it, but I suspect you will love it. ‘Write a description of a traditional type of music or dance. Include the following details. + information about the history of this tradition * a description of how it is performed, what its appeal is, and the feelings it arouses * where you can still find it being performed Exchange descriptions with your partner.a SfBefore you watch 11 Work in pairs or groups. Each pair/group takes a different quotation (a-e) by the singer Bob Marley and discusses what it means. Then explain the quotation to the rest of the class “The truth is, everyone is going to hurt you. You just got to find the ones worth suffering, fon” b_ “Some people feel the rain. Others just get wet." “Love the life you live, Live the life you love.” “The day you stop racing is the day you win “Better to die fighting for freedom than be a prisoner all the days of your life.” a 2 Key vocabulary @ Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in the video. Guess the meaning of the words. 1. The people were so poor that they were dressed in rags. 2 Itwas a great privilege to meet the Prime Minister and speak with her about our concerns. 3. Although they took a big cut in salary, the employees found solace in the fact that they ll had jobs. 4 They are an oppressed group: not allowed proper housing and ignored by the rest of society b Match the words in bold in Exercise 2a with these definitions. a comfort or consolation. b treated very badly and discriminated against © honor. pieces of old cloth, often torn 3 Work in pairs, Ifyou were going to interview the director of a documentary about a famous musicians life, what questions would you ask? ‘Write three key questions, Then compare your questions with another pair While you watch 4 COESREEAEER Watch the interview with Kevin Macdonald, the director of Marley, ane ‘compare your questions from Exercise 3 with the ones the interviewer asks, 5 [CEERI Watch Part 1 of the video again. Work in pairs. Answer the questions 1 What aspect of Marley's life did Kevin Macdonald feel had not been covered yet? 2. How does he describe the way we react to his 3. What does he hope the film will achieve? (CIEE Watch Part 2 of the video. Circle the adjectives and expressions Kevin Macdonald uses ‘when he describes Bob Marley's life touching fascinti Saecim: ee et eee ee Violence gangsters poltcal actvy amazing [REET Watch Part ofthe video. Complete the sentences about Bob Marley, 1. The first thing people like about him is that he is 2 More significantly he is very 3. He tries to offer people in hardship some 4 Because he’s lived through tough times himself, you 5 He's the most listened to artist because his message is 6 The things he sings about are things we can all After you watch b Vocabulary in context [CREE Witch the clips from the video. Complete the collocations, Then discuss your answers ‘Complete the sentences in your own words. Then compare your sentences with a partner. 1... music doesn’t really appeal ... 2 When I...,. took on more than I bargained for. 3... went through a difficult time when ‘Work in groups. Think of a famous person to make a documentary about. Decide what you want to include in your documentary and what message you ‘want to communicate. Then present your ideas to the class, Think about these areas: ‘+ who you will interview ‘© where you will film the documentary ‘© how you will present the information—through narration or interviews Unite the mucins @UNIT 8 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar 1 Read the article. Then complete it with clauses of purpose andl result 2 What three things did the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh achieve The 1971 Concert for Bangladesh was the first large concert organized * help victims ‘of a disaster. It was staged at Madison Square Garden in New York, and the organizers—George Harrison and Ravi Shankar—were? well-known that it attracted an audience of 40,000 people and raised over $250,000. Further income was earned from the live album of the concert that was then made. The money was used 2 ___the relief of the refugee crisis following the war and the cyclone that hit the country in 1970. The funds were passed to the charity UNICEF. 4___ that they could distribute it to where it was most needed. Other famous music artists of the day, such as Bob Dylan, Billy Preston, and Eric Clapton, also performed so*___to ensure as wide an audience as possible for the music. But the wider aim of the Concert for Bangladesh ‘wasn't to raise money. The organizers felt people ‘were not aware enough of Bangladesh and its problems. Ravi Shankar later said that, in this sense, the response to the concert had been amazing. It also proved to be the start of a new movement in benefit concerts. Slightly under fifteen years later, Live Aid, a response to the Ethiopian famine, was staged in London and Philadelphia, attracting a global TV audience of almost two billion. 3 eet ere eee et reeset ert er oe eerie ee retreat Vocabulary 4 Complete the text about music. Use one word in ‘each space. Ymstillan* musician, but [hope to be profesional one day: play the piano and alo the guitar—never electri. I write my own songs, both the music and the Ymbasicaly a! artist, But when I play (@tlocal music venues) I geta band together 5 ESI Work in pairs, Discuss the difference between these paits of words 1. sing and hum 2. song and tune 3. pop and folk music Real life 6 Read the conversation and complete the responses to the questions. ‘A: How often do you actively is day? B: I've never really? about it. Um probably three or four times a day. ‘A: Do you use music when doing certain things like doing housework or chores? B: That's an? question. I guess Io often listen to music when I'm working A: And does it make you more productive? B: Teouldn’t really® you. Isuspect that it’s more ofa distraction. ‘A: How do you think you would feel without ‘music in your life? B: That's hard to* ‘would be less fun, but 12 know. 7 BSXID Work in pairs, Act outa similar conversation by asking each other the questions Exercise 6, 4 title and Iyries 5. chord and note mn to music each Timagine it don'tWindow on the past ] Se Cro) FEATURES Dear little daughter What personal letters reveal about our past The story of Martin Guerre The story of an unusual crime in medieval France Diamond shipwreck A story of hidden treasure and mystery on the Namibian coast Collecting the past A video about how Chinese people are preserving their cultural heritage Look at the photo. How old do you think these stones are, and What was their purpose? {FFI Listen to an archeologist talking about these stones. What objects did archeologisis find that helped them. understand more about the stones? Use these words related to discovery to complete the summary. clues deduced determine find out evidence indicated uncovered Archeologists say it’s not what you find that matters, but what you! They couldn't? the purpose Of these stones until they * other objects that gave them valuable ¢ ‘The rich soil® that this was a wealthy farming community, while pieces of flint and glass are ofa trading society. From this, the archeologists” that the stones were monuments of geeat cultural importance, Work in pairs. What ancient historical sites or monuments are there in your country? What do you know about them? ‘059a Dear little daughter Reading 41 Work in pairs. Do you keep any of these things from your past? Do you ever look back at them? What do they tell you about your past? + letters * diaries + old photos 2 Read the article and letter. What made Du Bois, write the letter? What hopes does he express in i? 3 Read the article again. Answer the questions. 1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of letters as historical documents? 2 What do we know about Du Bois’s own education? 3. What does the letter tell us about: a Du Bois’s views of America and England? b Du Bois's expectations of his daughter? (Ofall the types of historical documents —maps, interviews, legal records, Wordbuilding verb + preposition P-WORDBUILOING verb+ preposition = Certain (non-phrasal) verbs have a preposition between ‘them and their abject. to prepare for (a meeting), to focus on (the job) For more practice, see Workbook page 75. 4 Work in pairs. Look at the wordbuilding box. Find the prepositions used with these verbs in the article and letter. a relate b wait c shrink d_ believe 5 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions, 1 Heis suffering depression. 2. Who will benefit these changes? 3. She didn’t participate the game. 4 The book is aimed an older audience. . 6 1S Dear Little Daughter, Thave waited for you to get well settled before writing. By this time, Lhope some of the strangeness has worn off and that my litle girl is working hard and regularly. 2 Of course, everything is new and unusual, You miss the ne smartness of America, Gradually, ness and however, you are going to sense the beauty of the old world its calm and 25 eternity and you will grow to love it. Don't shrink from new experiences ‘and custom, Take the cold bath bravely. Enter into the spirit of your big bedroom. Enjoy what is and not pine for what 30 isnot. Read some good, heavy, serious books just for discipline: Take yourself in Pa ee a ie ee Jana and master yourself. Make yourself letter. Although—owing to their personal nature—letters dori always represent mainstream views, they often provide a fascinating window on do unpleasant things, so as to gain the 5 people values and behavior. Moreover, the subject matter is generaly ea Something we can easily relate to—love, advice gratiude, di ippointment. 35 Above all remember: your father loves ‘his isan excep rom a eter writen in October 1914 bythe American you end believes in you and expects you sociologist and civil rights activist, WE. B. Du Bois. He wrote it following to be a wonderful woman, his daughter's departure for boarding school in England, Du Bois, who 10 was the first Aftican American to get a PRD from Harvard University, I shall write each week and expect a valued education highly and was concerned because Yolande, thirteen at ‘weokly letter from you. the time, wasnt doing well at school. As well as having poor grades, she seemed tinmotivated, So he decided to send her toa liberal private school in England. Soon after she left, he sent her this advice. {© Lovingly yours, PapaGrammar linking words 6 Work in pairs, Lookat the grammar box. Which, linking words in the box have the following functions? to contrast ideas, to make an additional point to state a reason or result to show the sequence of events noose 7 Complete the sentences with these linking words. ‘Three are extra after although despite following andalso as well as moreover since 1 having many friends at her new School, she still missed home, 2. Being at boarding school helped her to focus on her work, taught her independence, 3. She liked her fellow classmates. they liked her. 4 Teaving university, she returned. home to plan her next step. 5 there were no jobs she wanted to do, she decided to study to become a lawyer. 8 Work in pairs. Rewrite the sentences in two ways using the words given so they have the same meaning, 1. War broke out in Europe shortly after Yolande arrived, but her mother decided to visit her there anyway. a Despite .. b ... However .. 2. Thelletter shows that he was a cancemned father, and also reveals that he was quite strict. a Inaddition to... b- ...aswell as 3. Du Bois did not see his daughter again for two years because he had such a busy schedule. a Owingto... b Since. 9 Work in pairs. Read this informal letter. Link the sentences as indicated by the words in parentheses, Sometimes you will need to rewrite the sentences. Dear Jana, ‘Thanks for your letter and news. | was very glad to hear that you're well. ' (contrast) was really disappointed to read about Nathan's job. | do hope he's able to find another one soon. It would be great if you could visit us here. The weather's pretty cold at the moment. 2 (contrast) It’s often sunny and there's s0 much to see, Berlin has some fantastic museums and galleries? (addition) It has some amazing stores. It's also just a great, place to walk around. * (reason) I's not heavily populated. * (addition) There are lots of interesting places to eat and drink, I'l probably come back to Singapore in the summer. (sequence) My exams are at the end of May. I've made some good friends here,” (contrast) | really miss my old friends. Anyway, please think about visiting " (sequence) Write and let me know. ‘Much love, Harriet Speaking 10 Workin groups. You are going to talk about a past ‘event using linking words, Follow these steps: ‘© Each student should choose an event to talk about from the list below; think about how you will integrate the linking words into your story. * Give each other three different linking words to use in a story. ‘Take turns telling your stories. atime in your childhood (even a short period) ‘when you lived away from home b_ the story behind an old (amily) photo a letter that had a big impact on you an event you recorded in a personal diary ae Unit 9 window on the past @