LITERARY

ARTS
Prepared by:
GHIEBERT SON I.
OCTAVIO
LITERATURE
• Deals with ideas, thoughts, and emotion of
man, It is the story of man.
• Latin root “literatura/litteratura” (derived itself
from “littera”: letter or handwriting). Came
from French phrase “belles-lettres” which
means beautiful writing
• Literature, in its broadest sense, consisting of writing.
More restrictively, it is writing as an art form, or any
writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value.
 Two Main Division of Literature
PROSE POETRY
Literary work in which
special intensity is given
Is any writing in speech
to the expression of
in its normal continuous
feelings and ideas by
form, without a rhythmic
the use of distinctive
or visual line structure of
style and rhythm; poems
poetry.
collectively or as a genre
of literature.
Difference between Prose and Poetry
PROSE POETRY
Form Written in Written in stanza
paragraph form Or verse form
Language Expressed in ordinary Expressed in metrical,
language rhythmical and figurative
language
Appeal To the intellect To the emotion
Aim To convince, inform, Stir- the imagination and
construct, imitate, and set an ideal of how life
reflect should be
EXAMPLES OF PROSE
 PROSE
• PROSE DRAMA
– Consist entirely of dialouges in prose, and is
meant to be acted on stage.
• ESSAY
– short literary composition. The author shares
some of his thoughts, feelings, experiences, and
observations.
 • PROSE FICTION
- something invented, imagined, or feigned to be
true
A. Novel – Long fictitious narrative with a
complicated plot
B. Short Story – Fictitious narrative compressed into
one unit of time, place, and action.

• BIOGRAPHY AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY

Biography – story of certain person’s life
Autobiography – Written account of man’s life
• Diary – A daily written record.
• Joural – A magazine or periodical especially of a
serious nature.
• Letter – A written message
EXAMPLES OF POETRY
• Poem – a piece of writing that partakes of the nature
of both speech and song that is nearly always
rhythmical, usually metaphorical, and often exhibits
such formal elements as meter, rhyme, and stanzaic
structure.
• Sonnet – derived from the Italian word “sonetto,”
which means a “little song” or small lyric. In poetry,
it has 14 lines, and is written in iambic pentameter
(beat). Each line has 10 syllables. It has a specific
rhyme scheme, and or a specific turn.
• Haiku – a Japanese poem of seventeen syllables, in
three lines of five, seven, and five, traditionally
evoking images of the natural world
Literary Genres
A. Fiction – is an imaginative reaction and
re-creation of life. Includes short stories
and novels.
B. Poetry – Derived from the Greek word
“Poesis” meaning “Making or
Creating”
C. Essay – To try to do, perform, or deal
with (something)
D. Drama – A piece of writing that tells a
story and is performed on stage
Elements of Literature
• Authors use literary elements to make their
writing more interesting.

LITERARY ELEMENTS:
• Setting
• Plot
• Characterization
• Conflict
• Point of view
• Theme
• Tone
PLOT
• It is the skeletal framework of the story wherein the
events are arranged in a meaningful sequence.
• A casually related sequence of events.

Narrative order – The sequence of events.

o Chronological
o Flashbacks
o Time Lapse
PARTS OF PLOT
• Exposition – layout of the materials of the story or
intoduction.
• Complication – rising action where the major
conflict of the story are presented.
• Climax – the peak of the story or action where the
dilemma is face by the main character.
• Resolution – falling action.
• Denouement – ending/conclusion.
SETTINGS

• The locale (place) or period (time) in which the

action of a short story, play, novel, or the motion
picture takes place.
THEME
•The generalization about human
life/character that a story explicity or
implicity embodies a philosophical truth.
CHARACTER
•The representation of a human being:
Persons involved in a conflict.
Types of Characters
• Round Character – fully developed character, with
many traits – bad and good – shown in the story.
• Flat Character – known as the stock or the stereotype
character who does not grow up and developed.
Kinds of Characters
•Protagonist - the main character
•Antagonist – villain
POINT OF VIEW
•The narrative voice in the story.
•Writter’s feeling and attitude towards his
subject.
CONFLICT
•The dilemma faced by the main
character.
Types of Conflict
•Person vs. Self
•Person vs. Society
•Person vs. Person
•Person vs. Nature
•Person vs. Supernatural
•Person vs. Machine or Technology
Brief History of Literary Arts
• The history of literature follows closely the development
of the civilization. When defined exclusively as written
work, Ancient Egyptian Literature, along with the
Sumerian Literature are considered as the world’s oldest
literatures.
• The primary genres of the Literature of Ancient Egypt –
didactic text, hymns, and prayers, and tales – were almost
entirely written in verse.
• In Ancient China early literature was primarily focused on
philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture
and poetry.
History of Literary Arts
• In Ancient India, ‘Literature originated from stories
that were originally orally transmitted. Early genres
included drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry.
• In Ancient Greece –classical Greece genres included
philosophy, poetry, historiography, comedies and
drama.
• In the Age of Reason philosophical tracts and
speculations in history and human nature integrated
with social and political developments