Chapter 1 introduction of Physical Education Introduction

Physical Education
- is an integral part of the education program purposely to promote the optimum
development of the individual physically, socially, emotionally, and mentally through total movement
in the performance of properly selected physical activities (Andin, 2002).
- Phase of education concerned with the teaching and learning of skills and attitudes in play activities.
- It is an aspect of education that may be appropriately described as education through physical exertion.

Legal Bases of Teaching Physical Education in the Philippines Setting:

1901- Physical exercise was one of the subjects introduced in the public schools and regular program of
athletics was developed.
1920- Physical Education was made a required subject in the curriculum of all public schools.
1937- Physical Education was made curricular subject in the secondary school curriculum.
1969- The School of Physical Education and Sports Development Act of 1969. A program of activities
included among others:
1. A program of health education and nutrition,
2 A program of physical fitness for all pupils,
3. A program of competitive athletics,
4. A program of intramurals and inter-unit athletic competition within schools, districts, and provinces; and
5. An annual athletic competition within and. among regions.

1982 MAPE was introduced and the learning area involves music, arts, and physical education. (Foundation
of Physical Education by Carmen Andin)

Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Paris (1975) and
Recommendation [, Interdisciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts in Physical Education and Sports,
UNESCO, Brisbane (1982). The practice of Physical Education and Sports is a fundamental right of All ...
and the right should not be treated as different in principle from the right of adequate food, shelter and
medicines.

Article XIV Section 19 (1) & (2) of the 1987 Philippine Constitution mandates that:
-The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline,
teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation
with athletic clubs and other sectors.

Functions of Physical Education

1. Biologic Function- refers to the enhancement of the individuals’ growth and development through
body movement.
2. Integrative Function- refers to the personality integration achieved through participation in properly
selected physical activities.
3. Social Function- refers to the transmitting values and standards that are consistent with the needs
and ideals of the society.

Phases of Physical Education

1. Sports- activities we engage for pleasure, enjoyment, recreation, even as form of competition usually
requiring vigorous bodily exercises.
Classifications:
1. Individual/dual sports
2. Team Sports
3. Track and Field
4. Aquatic Sports
2. Recreational Activities- activities done during free time and one’s work free will such as cooking,
weaving, mountaineering, gardening, mountain climbing, etc.
3. Dances- these are movements set to music where organization and structure emerge.
4. Gymnastics- systematic bodily exercises based on scientific principles. -
5. Group Games- These are led up activities with simple rules designed primarily for fun and enjoyment.
6. Health Safety and First Aid- is the temporary care given to a victim of an accident or those who
become suddenly ill until the services of the physician can be obtained.

A Major Goal of Physical Education

- Different people differ in their notion of fitness. In the field of Physical Education, the concept of
fitness has implications for physical, social, emotional, and mental well-being. In view of these four aspects,
it can be said that FITNESS is the ability to live a healthy, satisfying, and useful life. This type of life is what
the educational philosophers and thinkers’ term as the "good life". This is the ultimate goal of education.
To live the "good life" means that an individual satisfies the basic needs as physical well- being,
love, affection, security and self-respect. He lives blissfully with other people and is interested in them. t le
has an interest and yearning to serve humanity and believes in and exemplifies high ethical standards.
Because of ills secure relationship with people and future events, he lives a remarkable and stimulating life.
Physical education as a component of the educational system strives to aid or facilitate the development of
an individual so that he can achieve total fitness to allow him to envoy's the "good life." "I-herd-ore, a major
goal of physical education is FITNESS.

Objectives of Physical Education

- The following objectives of Physical Education are viewed and stated in terms of their
contributions to the outcomes of education and in the curriculum.

Physical Development
- Through cautiously selected physical education activities, an individual who participates
energetically will develop and maintain good health and a high level of physical fitness. The attainment of
Physical skills can motivate an individual who participates further in physical activities; hence, his growth
and development will be improved.

Social Development
- Involvement in Physical Education activities provides opportunities for the development of
enviable social traits needed for adjustment to the social life in general.
Some, worthwhile traits are:
1. Friendliness
2. Cooperation
3. Respect for the rights of others
4. Good sportsmanship
5. Good leadership and followership
6. Honesty in group competition

Emotional Development
- The informal nature of physical education activities offers opportunities for self-expression and
emotional mastery. Examples or worthwhile emotional traits are:
I. Self-confidence
2. Sell-control
3. Self-reliance
4. Courage
5. Determination

Mental Development
- Through participation in physical education activities, the individual develops his mental
capacities as he learns the mechanical principles of underlying movements, as he obtains knowledge and
understanding of the rules strategies of the games and sports, and as he discovers ways of improving his
movement in gymnastics and dance. Likewise, it enhances critical thinking how activities are done
accordin2 to rules, regulations and strategies.

Spiritual and Moral Development

- Physical Education activities provide the development of inner self and soul. Experiencing
these activities help student discover a personal meaning and purpose in life. These also lead to the
appreciation of what is good and beautiful.
New Directions tor Physical Education
- "All our educational efforts must be directed towards the development of our national goals as a
developing country." This focus, contained in the Presidential Decree No.6- A, is entitled educational
Development Decree of 1972," the goals of which are:
1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and social progress:
2. To assure the maximum participation of all the people in the attainment and enjoyment of benefits of such
growth; and
3. To strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable cultural values in the changing world.
The foregoing development goals must itself offer direction to the teaching of Physical Education. How will
Physical Education lend significant to these goals? What can the Physical Education teacher do to
contribute to the attainment of the goals? The answers questions will come to the fore when the purposes of
physical education have been well understood.

Purposes of Physical Education

- The Physical Education specialists in our country have identified the following purposes of
Physical Education:
1. To develop optimum physical fitness and health of the individual so that he is capable of living the "good
life" and contributing his maximum capacity to the attainment of the goals of the "New Society";
2. To produce individuals who can contribute to the economic well-being through:
A. the improvement of proper work habits and work attitude such as punctuality, cooperation, reliability,
precision and accuracy, and open-mindedness; and
B. proper emphasis on problem-solving skills such that an individual can identify a problem correctly and
master the skills necessary or useful in the business world;
3. To train good leaders with moral integrity of the highest order, and develop other desirable traits
necessary for effective group participation or group living essential to the New Society through;
A. an adequate system or values by equipping the individual to be able to make moral choices or decisions
needed in daily living; and
B. offering group participation in such experiences as intramural, extramural, play days or sportsfests;
4. To develop creativity and innovativeness inspired by an abiding faith in God and love of country and
fellowmen; and
5. To install love and pride for their preservation, and develop an understanding of the culture of other for a
feeling of international brotherhood and unity.