Introduction to Information and Communications Technology (ICT) At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: 1, define ICT; 2. trace the evolution of technology, particularly computers; 3. identify the different parts of the computer system, and categorize the different computer peripherals; 4, assess why computers are considered powerful thinking machines; 5. explain the role of technology in media and how it affects communication; and 6. recognize the current trends in information technology. Blog ~ x combination of two words—veb aad log. It works relent nen tt a Hogean be seen by yon online ‘Smal Group biscussion ‘Blogeer_o person who wees blogs Form five grout. Bach group is assianed to a specific semi and recive dat ieracion, sod Group 5+ t headset earphones ‘Computer — isan clestonic device, operating unde the contol KEY TERMS ‘ACM ~ Asciation of Cmmping Machinery ENIAC ~Etecronic Numer Interior and Calculator CT~ Iason and Coven Teint ad is —i ats oat ‘US Univeral Serial us tion age isa pevios im human history characterized by atx that deseribes Inge and complex volumes of ‘es ntved fring ep in mating beer Gecsons andv Gp webs eeratan teen Information Technology ({T) — pertine 10 ne industry What involves computer, software, networking. and other TT Anput device~is any hardware component that allows one te emt Jateligent sytem ~ is «tar more complex machine capable of Laptop computer ~ i a batery-powered computer that is mone Porabl than adeskop allowing One ta use almost anywhere Tibet ~ refers to publication of a false staernent that amaset ‘ne'sbatines o personal reputation Mainframe ~ is 3 powerful multiuser computer capable of Media “refers to communication devices, Communication devices Minlcompoter~ ls = mult-usercompuner eapable of supporting om 10 0 hundeeds of uses simultane ‘ove, foe example telephone or esbic ines, Motberbound — is a cieuiny of the nytem wit which semmonly part of, ssoiated with, o ined to «cna board QpPRE device — is any turdwace component shat eransmit information o one or more poco ‘sa smal, single-user computer bated on 2 Personal computer Plagiarism — is the ac. (ea Mae and weincs an endpoint of communication in an operating sytem yy ney etme eno Information and Communications Technology: An Overview ‘The concept of technology has evaved throughout the years As the rate of human progrese cours 10 increase, ey ‘bs adapted in such a way that technology no longer appeals {o mechanical or eeetial systems alone’ The term teclogy ‘rsently includes advancements in comiminiation and. how ‘ovation ed ommamtore manceay or 1 mes sessed a 2 sonduced ty Zuppa (2012) ar “teated to technologies {R.iemtiy key aspects such ae ICT in ection, business, td the economic scr. These dassifcations, however, contain some ore of commonality Te ne fo evies sch or mobile pone, groped Sie iene in all tances Tar ee w poor dos ins bean nerd t“hong” harris Bovine tad toy SERB, the "Pelonginess hypothesis” states tat people have eet ra See mf cetera vo sn ee inom op a anes ite sn ace wet ta ae oarote Nevniyy Sn ge tc’ be ene Se rae CE ee pendent iomaton dammit eg I) Smartphone — is mobile phone that performs many of the Inrcmer ecesg aid an Speratiog tym capable Of raoing {ie ancs computer witout permission, and/or producing copy ‘Tsrpurding te copia eee ‘Storage —bods Gat ineactions nd ifort os Supercomputer rn cre compe tat en et open of comp wh anion a ‘Beougn lephones, computers and mobie devices ‘Trend zoom (0 # parila ayle in feblon, devi, or TtraamentTHerecould always be a new tend coming along 0 apo ble storage device that has more tua cepaty than oppy ast ov ip ik es smal ane {igheweight enough to Be tranaported on a keychain or put i one's MORAY Rhcprocenor anda higheruatty monitor. esucen wo merten an carmen TacwatuvacTy SLPS. ere 1.4 1 Herc Ean 24500 or‘gre 2 Gna ames lov ICT wpa pr 100 habeas ey IT waetom, Ye 10 “The mernationalTecomimunicaton Ualon (ITU) conducts ‘Toe portale he ICT Devclopment Index QDI. tales Site selns and coat’ Figure 12 dena the peed ‘Seepicn four wo opus ME TT versus 1cT en do we Wie the term ICT and how does it dtfer from JC. e iran communion chology sod (tng te reo tr tomorrows weather and decide if there i need to bring an sei Knowle lowed oaaly te stack aret +> communication ‘eaves though verbal and nonectal means sions or smal as evidenced by Ge pangs and reins, Tock at, sone carvings, and the lke ovae of commun have cs gh ime ssc > Tecnology Teimaingy hat evolved in ways that improve people's ommoiction mich esser and faster hrough ekephonen a Evolution of Technology Bans tnd 9 thn of we om 9 do daily acsivtce easly nrvdcteon termite commnsiatonsTeretogy ier‘? }, in hancling or esing information ICT te echnology tha supports Storing, and prewning, ta. Increasigiy theve aces aloo Invowe cotlaborssoa and commonication TT, or formation technology, pertaing t2 the industry ia aodermday living as ate primary fn large companies oF Sheponions Simply but Mea subset OF ICT asthe technaogy ‘ech the eid of Tan fn he woe of ICT (Wang, 2018). Breakdown of ICT peatin refers te knowledge obtained rom reading inet ody, of trench. Some of the tool Uist AIEEE mation ae the telephone elevsion, and radio Sean stared with sane information fs regarded as Nos Computers normally process data that ae tet crac iformation Por exmpie while ypiagon Your Jepop, You ure Pasetcnces The ping os oe keyed 12S nerds wie te wo and sens Tnformtion is needed t0 make decisions and to foreree Defra, Foe oe echelogy ond wer the POD pecsaetijermation scaled KAOMeGR. Kool hetps sual dy ta Tor sxampe, knowledge fs wed to pest 8 niente emo st commana Teanlny ac ‘52 By combining ssc of 10 pple fave come up with ngle whee! tranaporation tool his iospid the cemton oF eves rather than afm of ary. (ay fl = || “Another type of machine tht in considered a cea lathe ‘the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can2 LP Wimmera eto Fae 15 Cmpaerooicuse Figure 1 Tosh sen temol37 ‘rode results, an store the results fr future use, However, as Technology evaves, so do machines. Computers today are. ao longer the sme compute your parents must have Rt ured. Most machines, including computer, have evolved Uhrough the process Wireless applications, expert systems, and systems Integration, reliability, These generations of computers are briefly defined otow Pept, 2002. Fist-goneration Computer (1046-1959) bby 4. Presper Ecket and Joh W. Mauchly from the University ‘of Pennsylvania and finances by the United States Army #he Electronic: Numeric Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) 1 considered &o be the fr-geneation compute ENIAC was moduler computer compores of several panels capable of Performing afferent functions However it could store onl Automated systems can reduce the instances of eror, hich are intelligent system Inteiget systems are fr more compler ina ae eapible of learning. This ia where the concept of the automotive industry ete intligent cnr which ix capable of History of Computer With the evolution of technology, computers have taken a major rie in he lar theve decades, Tis i due to the fet that ‘poopie’ day seve, operations much ar sition and wbtraction of wp to 10 digits ‘The compuie wat ough Te are ta son. ana weighed ‘Secone-generation Computer (1959-1965) ‘Third-generation Computer (1985-1971) 1 1965, Jack Kilby invented the integrated eect (1) that ‘was used inated of tansotars asthe interior sections to bud {spacitor that even the fall ercuit Board of & transistor en be 13 15SC ay sale, uniling, ane effective. In this hind generation, remore Fourth-generation Computer (1971-1980) rom 1971 1 198, very lrg scale integrated (VLD cies were used to bald computers. "Thexe circ have about 5,000 “The hentware pertains to the computer’ physical devices. ‘reused to manipalate the compute’ operation, mput devices, Input Devices ‘Working witha computer would be ineffective one does not inci nhchcretemachine ema acep and eee ‘enter or send data td inetrtions from the wer or from another ‘computer sytem on the inernet while output devices vend back ‘he ministered bts t the ure orto another computer system. + Keyboard isthe most common input device that accepts + Mouse tess one select options ftom onscreen mens. A ‘mouse s wed by moving it on «Rat surface, presing it two bate ff and gh, sind eroling the wheel that ‘There are also alternatives to wing a mouse. tracks has a ball that ean sotate using a finger or the palm of ‘hand co move the pointer A touchpad also called = Sacked i's touch-sensitive pad that let th user OME ‘he pointer by touching and dragging his or her finger computer Microphone - alow: user to epea into the computer ‘and-alone microphones for computer, most ofthe m= Sony bay teatct“s combination of microphone #0 rphones—fo the take of praca. secant norton comm mins 060) SAS fon a single chip known at the microprocemor These fourth Fes en slab, nd iexpeae. The hrs Docket calculator, telession ret, automonive devices, thd audio Fith-generation Computer (1980-onwards) tn this GR geseration, the VLSEwechaogy has evolved into hat is called uta lageacale tategration (OLS tochnolony, With the manufacture of microprocessor chips having 10 millon inveligence which is asodiated with arifcal intligence (AD, Components of a Computer ‘What makes a computer work? By defnion, a computer the ability to store, retioe, ad proces data. Te contains otk hncdware components and selva aplcatons. + Scanner — converts pristed material (ach as text and ‘Plcure) incon torr the computer can wee, There are ‘with a ipeap coves protecting the lace paren They te ‘ten bul into mulrdancion pions (MFPs). Ancser ‘orcable scanners Ponabie wanner® can be msl enough "han fountain pone and cam scun the text oF @ document lw by ine They do not sve Bigh-recoluton scone and ae ore expensive than fatbedseanne + Digital camera allows on to take pictures then tans the photograghed images 10 the compater or Beni ables urety to crene » ule or take ail photographs ‘tcronicaly, With the PC video camera atachee to the Computes sets can sce etch other as they communicate ‘inthe compoter output Devices "Aa output deviee is any harare component tha transmits information tone of move people The three commonty Used ‘Suput deve awa flows + Petater ~ produces text sod graphics on a phnical medi auch as peper The {Wo Types Of Biser are the impact pint andthe mow-impact prince A impact AMESSE RUS’ Sitar mith the papery pressing om inked “ton amin te pepe in « hammer or pine An ee eet et bee om ren gator te paper he printer produces less nib.'G 22 + Monitor dapys tx, graphics, and videos on a sreen ‘Many monitors look similar 0° television, The three ‘ypesat monitor awa inthe market ete lowing 2% Cutade ry tbe (CRT) ie vcs tle containing ath within the tbe with high speed using various magne deviens and finaly whe the pho ont preset onthe uorescen sccen this ceaing ‘most commonty in the manuactring of television ‘ereen sain of intenae high-energy electrons Ie Liauid cota tively (cep) — ie fapanet dieplay Ruel arranged schematically between 2 couple of teal eet is achieved by polarising the ght SARUIMawee nd making pase tout the ld fot snd porable metal aise! One type of compact dis fsa CD-ROM "pe of compact dc sa DVD-ROM, which hat enouh stores "ve 1.18 stro dvs tah shar rv noma ce Why Computers are Powerful {Computers ae power for 8 vaity of reasons. They work SLR ped reat, comity and sao ‘Ms, computer allow wer f0commaninte wih bine es of Speee rte When ga Settions wr done through electronic She te tate cae erm a rng ay ta A ete Light emiting tide (LED) ie «apa play tas ‘Site Lantemting diodes for backlighting The spay rot LCD only bes the backlghting is done by LED than CRT and LCD. Thus, dey ate als consicred sounds. The signal used to produce the sound that comes ‘system Unit {he system unit contining te primary componcals ofa computer ‘eth connectors nto which other circus bonds cam be posioned I ecognased as motherdoond ‘Storage Devices "A computer con te ulized with only processing, memory. int lope ie, To mae very amie, howe FO a oreo ite has ama ee Scion tan som TsO, S20, 646, AGH, TD. and now PRINS ara morcvolatile memory which permanently stor rate nomanan Caatens c > Retiablty and consistency deporte beceure hey have tow fare fate The BAER ‘Comptes prooies large smo of data and aracrate ‘rrortree teal, provided the data is inputted correciy Fesultng output le also incorrect. A competing prese Exown {purge tn garbage ou pointe Out that the accuracy oF ‘Somputeoutpuedependson the accuracy oft ape ee uateeble to go eheoush a day withoat the morn: The meneage being wansmited ean contain fois, thovkhns pereptions, judgments, belts atieace, ‘commands and oven reaclons, For enampe, two computes {Computers ean be lated nthe tame room or thousands of Sit sway fom each ether intro diftrent coumrcn Classifying Computers ‘[S'onelap av modern computers have become smaller, yor moe mara2b yy Wingate eaten Wey “The general lstifiatons of compoters ar as flows based on 2 microprocessor In addition to the Imicropracesor, «personal computer has 2 keyboar for {nicring data, monitor fr ieplaying information, and ‘Rorage device foranvng data “workstation is like a personal computer, butt has a more Power mcroprocemor ad higersqality monitor + Minicomputer — is « multisser computer capable of ‘upporting hundreds or thoveands of user simultaneously, + Supercomputer - Is an extremely fast computer tht ca Digital Age, Information age, and Computer Age Oa pe eh ya eng ne seemed aoe tis a perio inhuman history ch 1 characteried bythe ait rom ‘rational industry 10 information technology-bssed econom ‘ought by indusralization during the Industri Revolution, The etniton of what digital means (or what information mean) ‘latinucs to changeover time as new tecmalogon aves devices ‘Ems neracion wih edhe pooped orice tbe creas Poe ko chacacterized by the agi industry Seeing kterleder tated socety surrounded by 2 iphcot bul econony that exer is infuence om how the suanulactiné evi str worc in am efficient and comvenieD? Sor Medi in the Digital age Meas normally refers the se ae na TE moe commaicaton tit ae ae erates, edn, cae pies ne Fadi, cllvar phones, Gc imoves te acer aac such a8 Facebook, Twittes mand YouTube, ars thee, ttt Nee Isr, nd YouTube, ann the ten SMO es canbe conn an he ‘The Message eat considered 10 be the message ici a "eh Of content. The forme of comenr can BE neato toma an corm Tc ter) S™ 1B an 17 models vay have ony four cores. Core #7 exteme Gannot use all the cores to full advantage. Thus, they do not * Desitop computers are computer designed oe placed Pars, icleding the computer cae, ental processing uit (CPU), monitor keyboard, and mouse 2"Eaptap. comyutcn— lise latiy-pewieed coupe ‘devices whove porabily males them posible TO vse moe anyone, anywhere + Smartphones ~ are hand-held telephones which can do things that computers can do, Including browsing snd + Weambler ~ include fitness quckers and emartwatches Aha can be worn througout the day Sit be streamed from the Internet directly onto the TV. sore vege Fees ee econ (GC) 0 fe Pgromn exponentially cpecally with the wide fer, UOC Pa or cay WIP acces, Irene Toca media tow x one of che many examples of media tools wed ty mss gence cmte any 1 sa tnitional meno of oS, tenets of resi one's eodons MoU seconded iy the advent OF the Intron, exposing one ZUNE ana mount war sien ny omen to one bet pene one online A peson who wits blog is called oer ‘Sue of the TV peronaliies in the Philippines who an tc oping fo ares elgg Sk Seat Sere ofthe soontime show Ea ula 2\pvi Y Loman te toematon enon Glow botee Fre 119 The as Maas apa DOT Manan oF Youn ene people have explored opto te ‘The Medium ‘Example, professionals send message to the sudiene, cach at ‘ews anchor delivering the news on TV uad/or radio, However ith the atest ecinol gies the vole socal nin has become {im menue or fnformation discminaion coan ag anes eee Emcee ~si th ny 1th ery. wa in D6 whe Jotun Guten ‘tSuger in pia, such a newspapers textbooks, and magazines Ta the 18005 the telegraph war developed followed by the Powe tat Texrwohinine gO, Tawa 1z8 arent he Line A pio toon redia Were introduced, Kasio and Yekevsion were used to send ‘une and video 19 Roms ald offices through electremagmetio Spectator ragio waver ania lower frequency band) 0” Wide iaherfreqency Seach conten can be recived depending 0” fhe frequency used. Ener ov. & combination of bot dio and As common dev ve a eae perv, Slaton: Commer ak ew OL phe Pipe Seurerart of saycom te wen buy Sad ite eke nod gn anatn sites in bringing the latest w-o-date content| One sich example {2 Tuer Users of tis application can contanly upuae ther {Foiter wits sbout «certain opie thi platform, Titer Users fin sls share other seer content inthe form of fetweting) {tcrensngly socil™with the andicnce temacicr cresting thet “The Messenger ‘wy broadcasters, for exampie, being the mesenger of news but are not professional journalist Hence, although the media ‘Sn Behe message the medium, and the mesenger im he peat ‘es, the demarcation ines betwecn them are somewhat Duy Evolution of Media {how information i resented: and (2) how the connection is 29 sect btn tts ei SAN) fom Twiner oyster Sosa! mada sex, Accoring vo Gnade Sener snk to Pu Sgr te greets een og fmuny 8 S08" cn acts of ee rte [ean wane coon oy Near OS ‘cin etan Ua mise nr uy Figure 123 shows one of theft pote taken fom a Titer SND 34ay Wagner Taare ey seanding on its wings waiting for rescue was instantly forwarded ‘cross Twitter and sed by mmeraus blogs and news webate, ig tie Twi service to cash Suet slipe views. tn this i, Twer wers were abe to breathe news of the indent round 15 minutos before the mainrttea mia have alerted the Publicaboct the cash incident “This is wea! example of how individuals can now deliver "1 ever and connections are no longer comes BY Overview of Current Trends A rnd refs to something hip or popular at a certain ‘ay always come slong to replace Be a= a eames tendo change a ine oes by Foowins ‘years. In 1965, ‘Gon »BY is bound to upgrade itsclf every TWO I> vm nee ronson noe site oe MS: oer, te ee Tian cf agpet ie ey et Ino tetooieligen pono sae Ss “Sober wees wi aca Ss ofthont mr onion tres ence following: “ ‘The owners face i the new password, Its 2 more ‘secure way (0 unlock the phone and keep the dats #0 ana Mt Bim scaled tobe the “most powe ‘Bewral engine cepable of up 10 600 billion operations alten A eur emsne, a ype of arc ioe ae oa Wt eon ‘ce tne dre the deve swostt “ee echo ie DOTS See oe Sereno Sade seers ‘wansltc langues, mee + Augmented Reatey AR is not just dsioned for 6 7 Sy etetinky and etetensy ie thowe ce 1 TENE ithout ooking ara map, vinuatine instal 4 Ascomation vo TMOMH advanced samt, ast a me os tan fumes, among othe By default, emarrphones come installed Paying musi, and managing schedules, As of 2017, Google Ply Fis approwimanely 28 milton appe vada (on Androl ters (nots Apple App Stores estated to have 2-2 milion. These topo are na fut eid to tmarighenes, Tony com be uae ‘nan article or Forbes.com, DeMer (2016) identified seven 1, ToT and smact home technology ‘The sovalled Internet of Things (oT) bas been Euachine coming, and use of hardware technology Sick senae tioprocersoe, and microcontroller Sonvolling nome spelinnces through mobile phone — Sich as owitthing the Lights on and of aeting the ter Torte wating aching and conaling the television revord show dat might be tlsed defo taf now 2, Avgmeated reality and virtua realty "In 2036, the release of games uch as Pokémon Go and the ansiapated Vi headocr Ocules TiN, served a8 ‘uning iat for AR and Vit echnology 3. Machine eaning [Also called eifical neigene, having machines probably mace you think of robots and alling computers, son temton re omminetns ehoe ) outers and bar ate monitor te by econo fd word in mobile deves fr sale ater on 5. Big data Big dam can be analysed for inights which ea help {inc direton and rote entiations and noes sess 6, Physical imteprations towards nitem automation” Av such, they Saenify thet Dysial lements and crest digital data for more efient Eperation si backup. The concept of having 3 papeles Sra’ fo whch waeactons repr and nevis No ony it it deemed reliable but also environment= ion 1. Bverythlag on demand ‘Due to the prevalence of network conneeniy, tive devon (es, Gm) ave made sealble throwah Impact of ICT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Seem ad occur, However it iis personal interaction YN Or 33 asiy Lng beetntamaonnesca t and physical activity aod poses probleme in employment sod Positive Effects > Improved access to education ‘There ae new ways of learning sich as the use of leaning ‘management system (EMS) which implement eductional atl reap nd interactive mig “> feces ifrmaton ad cmmunaton ‘The internet wie uted in comepniaon, Acct sient hare a i Mting chat 8 Mesenge, ocae isseoae ‘ct Memege ah wore Sar eee es anda Tn sao er ee aay ‘ost ndivitale ‘nowadays for leisure and entertainment such rete vc napa ce, a er acting ne ach > seaurny ith the advancement thet ICT brings, individuals ‘Sqzpalztions can salve any secuity problema, Examples of ty measre om ap by ‘ogi ermine 38 Ethical Issues in 1CT aceon pen hia pins ew fF ‘etaoengaesoncoestalimenien ria ote "Rieck ie ma {ead to serious legal and ethical deflementa seems, ee wih» pen TEGIIE ofthe laters works andor resources, Tis 3. Lived issues in ICT: 8 person copies another as et and pas them off + Softwae Piracy: I eer Sr copying «software ito the congue be EULA, Sadler prodcing sco mention eaten an ormateners ener) =H Negative Effects o> Reduced personal interaction and physical xctaty ‘Because of vietn!contmunieation, ironically, people are tess ay otal to or mer each oterin person. Ad because ene cdmnton of working ftom home and the entertainment geen otter (ue, sessing movies, playing online fen, pela feted nding ah > Jo 1oss or increase unemployment This ca be considered ax one of the Worst effect of ICT. Ate wots ig rolaced nd rece y, & ‘Simcoe i cain aon REE htcperatog cost for the psc process of Tetyonting commode or foods intonation Hrngh ote or machines replacing people ‘pn arom tine > security Se wingt not only improvement but alo threat 10 eo rw ples mast atways be kept sccure and sae security, Dats oo geaion mst sways be safeguarded from The interne ge nuch as data modification, identity adress ie word based stacks, dena sere, fing Passa alse be protected from various forms of Coa en 3 Ineticton to ren and Commarea ger) (Genarrer key ports ~ With she evolution of technology, people are now Hiving {a period im which the economy ls babe on information computetizaton. ‘This Industry that involves computes ‘Technology (IT). Ie it a subset of Information and Communications Techntony (ICT) which persis to the ‘ec of technology that supports atv savaving S00 oaly Intocmation suchas gathering. storing. nd presenting dat, but alto collaborstion and cmmmaicaion, ‘evolved it many ways from the frst generation compater fo ‘he presen fitiegencratin compstee OF the internet, cannot be underestimated with is sped, felibikty and consistency, accurecy, and ably wo handle + Communication and information creation and distbution Inove developed, Among the mor tends & the so-aled Toraet of Things (ot), the expansion and application of renworts and inert every ome + ICT, however, har both positive and negative impacts on Individuals organizations sad soe. or