[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Section B [10 marks]

Question 1
Diagram shows a racing car. Table shows racing cars P, Q, R and S, with different specifications.

Car Shape of spoiler Ridges on tyres Material for the body of Power of engine
the car
P Aerodynamic Yes Light and elastic 518 kW

Q Aerodynamic None Heavy and stiff 745 kW

R Inverted aerofoil Yes Heavy and elastic 518 kW

S Inverted aerofoil None Light and stiff 745 kW

You are required to investigate the specifications given so that the car can run very fast.
Determine the most suitable car and justify your choice.
[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Question 2
Diagram shows a structure of a jet engine.

Jet engines are used to move the plane forward.

You are required to study the specifications of the jet engine as shown in Table to make
sure the plane can function more efficiently.

Design of jet Diameter of Size of Type of fuel Size of combustion

engine nozzle propeller chamber
P Big Big Paraffin Big
Q Small Small Liquid hydrogen Small
R Small Big Kerosine Big
S Big Big Kerosine Small
[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Section C [10 marks]

Question 3
The diagram below shows a water rocket made by a student.

You are required to give some suggestions on how to modify the water rocket so
that it can travel to a maximum horizontal distance. Using the knowledge on forces,
motion and properties of materials, state and explain the modifications based on the
following aspects:
(i) Material used
(ii) Shape of the rocket
(iii) Angle of launching
(iv) Volume of water in the rocket
(v) Additional structure
[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Question 4
Diagram shows a heavy object is dropped from the air using a parachute.

You are required to modify the parachute so that the object can land safely. Describe your
modifications based on the characteristics of the parachute fabric, the strings and the additional
materials that can be added.
[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Question 5
Diagram shows a bicycle.

You are required to give some suggestions to enable a cyclist to ride the bicycle safely at a higher
speed. Using your knowledge of the force and motion and properties of the material, explain
your suggestions based on the characteristics of the bike body material, tyres, brake system and a
cyclist clothing.
[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Question 6
Diagram shows the cross-sectional view of the train

Suggest a design of a train so that it can move with highest possible speed safely.
In your explanation, emphasize on the following aspects;
(i) material to build the body of the high-speed train
(ii) side new of the shape of the high-speed train
(iii) material to make the electromagnet at the base
(iv) design of the passenger seat
(v) number of coaches
[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Question 7
Diagram shows a tractor and a trailer used to transport oil palm fruit from a farm to the nearby
factory.

Traktor
Tractor

You are required to suggest and explain the modifications made on the tractor and trailer so that a
large amount of oil palm fruits can be sent to the factory in a short period of time.
[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Suggested Answers:
Question 1

Characteristics Reasons

Inverted aerofoil shape Produces downward force/ prevent lift

No ridges on tyres Can move fast/ less friction

Engine power is large Produce big acceleration

Material for the body of the car is light Greater acceleration yet can withstand a
and stiff large force

Car S is chosen Because it is inverted aerofoil in shape,

there are no ridges on the tyres, engine
power is big and the material of the body
is light and stiff.

Question 2

Aspect Explanation

Nozzle is small Exhaust gas can be ejected at higher

velocity/ more momentum backwards/
greater thrust for the air craft moving
forward

Size of propeller is big Suck more air into the combustion

chamber

Type of fuel is kerosene/paraffin Mix with air in the combustion chamber

Size of combustion chamber is big To allow more space for burning the fuel
to produce bigger momentum/ The rate of
fuel burning can be increased

Choose design of jet engine R Because it has small diameter of nozzle,

big size of propeller, suitable type of fuel
which is kerosene/paraffin and big size of
combustion chamber.
[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Question 3

Modification Explanation

The material used be strong does not break easily when pressure is
applied.

The shape of the rocket is aerodynamic air resistance is reduced.

Angle of launching is 45° rocket can travel to a maximum horizontal

distance.

The volume of water is 1/3 of the whole the rocket is light and can take-off easily.
volume

Fins are fixed at the tail of the rocket the rocket can move smoothly and stably.

Question 4

Modification Explanation

Nylon fabric or thick fabric Strong, not easy to tear and water proof

Bigger or wider fabric To increase the air resistance

More strings To reduce string tension

Thick or nylon strings Strong, not easily break and long lasting

Soft liner under the object Reduce the impulsive force and to
lengthen the time of impact during
landing

Question 5

Characteristics Reasons

Smaller mass Higher acceleration

Lower density Lighter mass, portable and easy to carry

Wider tyres Bicycle more stable

[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

Hydraulic disc brake Can stop the bicycle in a short distance

more effectively

Wear tight attire, glove and helmet Tight attire can reduce the air resistance
Glove for better grip on handle
Helmet can protect the head from injury
while falling

Question 6

Modification Explanation

Use low density material to build the body Train will be lighter and able to move faster
of the highspeed train

Aerodynamic shape of the high-speed train Effect of air resistance can be reduced

Use superconductor to make the Capable of conducting electric current

electromagnet at the base without any resistance and also producing
strong magnetic field for levitation force on
the train

Install head rest for all the passenger seats To prevent whiplash injuries from rear and
even side collisions. Whiplash occurs when
the neck snaps back from a sudden
movement, usually upon impact in a train
collision

Design a number of short coaches instead Reduce the inertia impact if the train stops
of one long coach abruptly

Question 7

Modifications Reasons

Big/ Long trailer Big volume to fill more oil palm fruits

More tyres for trailer More stable/ less pressure on ground

Less dense trailer body Lighter/ High acceleration motion

Strong bar Not easy to break

[Type here] [Type here] Form 4 Midyear Exam Revision Essay

High engine power for tractor To produce big thrust