SREE NARAYANA GURU INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (SNGIST)

Mannam, Manjali (P. O.),NorthParavur, Ernakulam,
Kerala, India – 683520

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS USING CAD

SOFTWARE (2038)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICALENGINEERING
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS USING CAD SOFTWARE DEPARTMENT OF ME

LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE

SL NO EXPERIMENT PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING 03
2 BASIC DIAGRAM – TEMPLATE 19
3 BASIC DIAGRAM – MARKING PLATE 19
4 BASIC DIAGRAM – CAST IRON PLATE 20
5 BASIC DIAGRAM – ALUMINIUM PLAE 20
6 BASIC DIAGRAM – END BRACKET 21
7 BASIC DIAGRAM – SLIDER PLATE 21
8 ISOMETRIC DRAWING – BLOCK 23
9 ISOMETRIC DRAWING - SUPPORT 23
10 ISOMETRIC DRAWING – I BLOCK 24
11 ISOMETRIC DRAWING – ANGLE BLOCK 24
12 ISOMETRIC DRAWING – C I BLOCK 25
13 ISOMETRIC DRAWING – H BLOCK 25
14 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW – C I BLOCK 27
15 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW – SHAFT END SUPPORT 27
16 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW – STEPPED BLOCK 28
17 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW – SHAFT SUPPORT 28
18 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW – ADJUSTABLE SUPPORT 29
19 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW – SHAFT BEARING 29

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LAB INTRODUCTION TOOF

DEPARTMENT COMPUTER
EEE AIDED
DRAFTING

The method of preparing engineering drawing by using the computer software is

known as Computer Aided Drafting (CAD). The CADD stands for Computer Aided Design
and Drafting. The preparation of engineering drawing with the help of a drawing board, a mini
drafter, set squares, dividers, compasses and other instruments is a laborious process.
Computer-aided drafting helps in preparing drawing without the use of the usual drawing
instruments. The CAD software is based on interactive computer graphic (ICG). In ICG, the
user enters the data in to the computer in the form of commands using input devices and the
data is used by the software to create or modify graphics. ICG enables enlargement, reduction,
copying and rotation of graphic and offered a lot of other flexibilities as per the need of the
designer. This way far less time is required to prepare a drawing. The outputs can also be
printed.

COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

The entire computer system may be broadly classified as hardware and software components.
Hardware is set of all the physical components of a computer system such as the case and the
monitor, and any part you can see and touch.
Software is a set of electronic instructions for the computer that makes the hardware perform
certain tasks. The set of instructions is known as a program. The two major types of software’s
are operating system software (Windows, Ms Dos etc.) and Application software (Auto Cad,
MS-Office etc.)

ADVANTAGES OF USINGCAD

1. Accuracy: CAD helps to achieve very high degree of accuracy that is impossible to
achieve manually. For example, a line 18.532mm long or an angle of 53.270 can be precisely
drawn in CAD software.

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2. Speed: With sufficient practice, a user can create drawing speedily. Similar objects can be
copied or mirrored or arrayed which saves time required from duplication. Automatic
hatching, texting and dimensioning save time.

3. Easy Editing: Drawing once constructed can be easily edited or modified as and when
needed. Components drawing forms one drawing file can be inserted in another drawing file.

4. Space effectiveness: A computer can store several thousand drawing over long period
of time. Equal number of drawing sheets drawing sheets drawn manually will need a big go
down to store.

5. Scaling: A drawing can enlarge or reduced by any scale factor. Dimensions changed
automatically further, printing can be made to any scale.

6. Better visualization: Use different colors help avoiding confusion. A 3D view of the
object can be easily created to boost imagination.

7. Freedom from using Drawing instruments: A simple CAD system

needs a computer with a mouse and keyboard to draw. The draftsman need not use
bulky drawing instruments like drawing board, drafter, setsquare, etc.

APPLICATION OFCAD

1. Preparing Architectural drawing

2. Interior design and modeling

3. Tool and fixture design.

4. Production planning and control.

5. Preparing of assembly list and bill of material.

6. Computer aided inspection.

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7. Preparation of programs for CNC machine.

LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE
8. Circuit layout and panel drawing.

9. Mapping, Building, Drawing.

10. Communication network.

11. Piping and instrumentation designing.

12. Computer aided manufacturing

CAD PACKAGES

Some of the commonly used packages are:

1. Auto Cad

2. Electrical Cad

3. 3DS-max

4. STADD

5. PRO-Engineer

6. IDEAS.

SOFTWARE FOR CAD

Auto cad is one of the following CAD system software introduced in DEC 1982
July by Autodesk Ltd. Sausalito, California of USA. The latest one is auto cad 2011 released
in [Link] entire auto cad drawing created by using the old version can be read by the
subsequent version.

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AUTO CAD AN OVERVIEW
Auto cad created by Autodesk is the most widely used technical drawing program
anywhere with more than 2.4 million registered users. AutoCAD is the fifth largest software
company in the world.

DRAWINGEDITOR
A typical auto cad drawing editor is shown in the figure. Auto CADD windows
screen .The element of the AutoCAD Drawing editor are,

1. Drawing name
2. Menu bar
3. Tool bar
4. Graphic area
5. UCS icon
6. Cursor
7. Screen menu.
8. Horizontal and vertical scrollbar
9. Command and prompt area
10. Status bar
UCS ICON

WCS is the short form from of world co-ordinate system. This system
represents X, Y and Z co-ordinates. X-axis is taken positive towards right, Y-axis is taken
positive towards top and Z-axis is perpendicular to the screen. UCS is short form of User co-
ordinate system. UCS is displayed two styles. They are 2D STYLE and 3D STYLE.

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SETTING LIMITS OF A DRAWING

LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE

Drawing limits represents the boundaries of the drawing LIMIT command is used to
set drawing boundaries.
Assume that the word, command: appear at the command prompt area. Type LIMIT at
the command prompt area using keyboard and the Enter key now the command prompt area
appears as shown below.
Command: LIMITS and Press the Enter Key

SETTTING UNIT OF A DRAWING

Unit command is used to set the units of measure Angle measurement, direction and
precision. Assume that the word command, direction and precision. Assume that the
command: appears at the prompt area. Type units at the command prompt area by using
keyboard and press the enter key now the command prompt area appears as,
Command: UNITS and Press the Enter Key

DRAFTING SETTING

Drafting setting include the commands for initial setting of a drawing .some of the drawing
settings are Snap, Grid, Object snap, polar tracking and ortho Modes.

1. GRID
GRID command is used to display a reference grid of dots with any desired spacing. This
visual display provides sense of the size of the drawing entities and their relationship.

2. SNAP
SNAP command is used to lock the movement of cross hair of the pointing device to the
nearest grid point.

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LAB 3. OBJECT SNAP DEPARTMENT OFEEE

Object snap settings are used to pick a geometric point on an object. There are various
options for object snap settings such as End point, Midpoint, Center, Quadrant, Node,
Intersection, perpendicular, tangent, Etc.

4. ORTHO
ORTHO command is used to constrain the movement of the cursor eight to horizontal
or vertical direction.
Following are the functional keys in Auto CAD.

1. F1 - Help
2. F2 - Text window
3. F3 - Object snap ON/OFF
4. F4 - tablet ON/OFF
5. F5 - Isoplane ON/OFF
6. F6 - Co-ordinates ON/OFF
7. F7 - Grid ON/OFF
8. F8 - Ortho ON/OFF
9. F9 - Snap ON/OFF
10. F10 - Polar tracking ON/OFF
11. F11 - Object snap tracking ON/OFF

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UTILITY COMMAND
LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE

1. NEW
Being a new drawing .The new command allows you to create a new drawing.

2. SAVE
This command can be used to save an unnamed drawing.

3. SAVEAS
This command request a file name, save and sets. Convert the current drawing to a new
file name.

4. HELP or [?]
The Help or ‘?’ command can be used to find information about auto cad.

5. QUIT
The quit command exits from Auto Cad.

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LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE

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LAB IMPORTANT COMMANDS

DEPARTMENT OFEEE IN CAD
DRAW TOOL BAR

1. Line
2. Construction line
3. Polyline
4. Polygon
5. Rectangle
6. Arc
7. Circle
8. Spline
9. Ellipse
10. Ellipse Arc
11. Insert Bloke
12. Make Bloke
13. Point
14. Hatch
15. Region
16. Multiline Text
1. LINE: - (L)
It is the command used to draw line series of line segment by using Auto Cad.
Command Line and enter
Command Column: - specify first point (here specify the starting point of the line).
Specify next point (here specify next point of line)
There are four options for drawing a line. They are
1. Absolute Co-ordinates option.
2. Relative Co-ordinates.
3. Polar Co-ordinates.
4. Direct distance entry option.

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2. CONSTRUCTION LINE:- (XL)

LAB Lines that extend to infinity,DEPARTMENT EEEbe used to create construction and
OFcan
such as x lines,
reference lines, and for trimming boundaries.

3. POLY LINE:- (PL)

A polyline is a connected sequence of segments created as a single planar object. And
by this, you can create straight line segments, arc segments, or a combination of the two. At
least two points must be specified to use the Close option.
Command PL
4. POLYGON: - (POL)
A polygon of sides from 3 to 1024 numbers can be drawn by clicking icon polygon.
Command: - polygon enter number of sides<4>:(here specify no. of side)
Command POL
5. RECTANGLE:-(REC)
With this command, you can specify the rectangle parameters (length, width,
rotation) and control the type of corners (fillet, chamfer, or square).
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Specify a point
or enter an option
Command REC
6. ARC:- (A)
This command is used to draw an arc by using Auto CAD.
Command: - ARC specify start point of arc or (center): (Click start point)
Specify Second point of an arc or (center/end): (Click second point)
Specify end point of arc: (Click end point)
Command A

7. CIRCLE: – (C)
This command is used to draw a circle by using Auto Cad.
Command: - specify center point of circle for (3p/2p/Ttr (Tan tan radius)).
Locate the center point by using the cursor.

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LAB DEPARTMENT
Specify radius of the circle or (diameter): EEE
OFthe
(here specify radius of circle or type D for entering
diameter)
Command C
8. ELLIPSE:- (ELI)
By this Command we can create an ellipse. Define the first axis by its two endpoints. The
angle of the first axis determines the angle of the ellipse. The first axis can define either the
major or the minor axis of the ellipse.
Command ELI
9. INSERT BLOCK:- (I)
By this Command we can insert a block or drawing. It specifies the name and position of
the block or drawing to insert.
The last block you insert during the current editing session becomes the default block for
subsequent uses of INSERT. The position of the inserted block depends on the orientation of the
UCS.
Command ELI
10. MAKE BLOCK:- (B)
Block command is used to create a block of objects and we can insert in to the drawing
when it requires. Specifies the objects to include in the new block and whether to retain or delete
the selected objects or convert them to a block instance after you create the block.
• Specify On-Screen
Prompts you to specify the objects when the dialog box is closed
• Select Objects
It closes the Block Definition dialog box temporarily while you select the objects
for the block. When you finish selecting objects, press Enter to redisplay the Block
Definition dialog box.
• Quick Select
Displays the Quick Select dialog box, which defines a selection set.
• Retain
It retains the selected objects as distinct objects in the drawing after you create the block.

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• Convert to Block
LAB DEPARTMENT
It converts the selected objects OFEEEin the drawing after you create the
to a block instance
block.
• Delete
It deletes the selected objects from the drawing after you create the block.
• Objects Selected
It displays the number of selected objects.
Command B
11. POINT:-(PO)
Point command is used to create specified points in deferent styles to the drawing
Command PO
12. HATCH:- (H)
Hatching is filling of a specified and enclosed area of a drawing with a pre defines or user
define pattern. HATCH is the command used for hatching the objects.
Command H
13. TEXT:- (T)
Text command is used for entering the related details on a drawing by using Auto Cad.
There are two types of text command, Multiline text and Single line text.
Command T

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MODIFY TOOL BAR

LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE
ERASE :- (E)
Erase command is used to remove the selected objects from a drawing.
COPY :- (CO)
Copy command is used to create one or more copies of selected objects.
MIRROR :- (MI)
Mirror command is used to create mirror image of an object or objects.
OFFSET :- (O)
Offset command is used to create a new object, which has shape of the object to be
selected.
ARRAY :- (AR)
Array command is used to create multiple copies of an object or objects in a rectangular
or circular pattern.
MOVE :- (M)
Move command is used to move an object or objects from a position to any required
position, without changing their size.
ROTATE :- (RO)
Rotate command is used to rotate an object through any specified angle about its base.
SCALE :- (SC)
Scale command is used to change the size of an object according to a scale factor. If the
scale factor is greater than one, the object is enlarged and if it is less than one, the object is in
reduced size.
TRIM :- (TR)
Trim command is used to cut and remove any drawn line at any required point.
EXTEND :- (EX)
Extend command is used to extend an object up to the specified limit.
BREAK :- (BR)
Break command is used to erases parts of an object between two points.
CHAMFER :- (CHA)
Chamfer command is used to join two non-parallel lines by drawing a beveled line at a
distance.

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LAB FILLET :- (F) DEPARTMENT OFEEE

Fillet command is used to join two non-parallel lines, a line and an arc, circles, poly lines
with an arc of specified radius.
EXPLODE :- (X)
Explode command is used to split compound objects like poly line, block, multiline, text
etc.

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EXPT NO:
LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE
DATE:

BASIC DIAGRAM - TEMPLATE

AIM
To draw and modify simple geometrical figures using CAD tools.

COMMANDS USED
Line, Circle, Trim, Dimension

PROCEDURE
1. Open AutoCAD from desktop
2. Set the drawing limits by clicking, FORMAT → DRAWING LIMITS (LIMITS). From
menu bar and set the required values for both lower and upper limits.
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM ALL to get enlarged view.
[Z A]
4. Set the units and precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT → UNITS
[UN ]
5. Click on the LINE [L] from the draw toolbar and drawn the horizontal and vertical line.
6. To change the properties of LINE
7. Select CIRCLE [C] command from the draw toolbar, then pick the center point and
enter the radius.
8. Click on the TRIM [TRIM] command from the modify toolbar to remove the drawn
line at required point.
9. Finally the outer dimensions are shown by clicking dimensions from the menu bar and
give the required dimensions.
10. The drawings have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE
RESULT
Draw and modified simple geographical figure using CAD tools

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EXPERIMENT NO 1 - TEMPLATE
LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE

EXPERIMENT NO 2 – MARKING PLATE

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EXPERIMENT NO 3 – CAST IRON PLATE

LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE

EXPERIMENT NO 4 – ALUMINIUM PLATE

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EXPERIMENT NO 5 – END BRACKET

LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE

EXPERIMENT NO 6 – SLIDER PLATE

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EXPT NO:
LAB DATE: DEPARTMENT OFEEE

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF BLOCK

AIM
To draw and modify Orthographic view to Isometric figure using CAD tools.

COMMANDS USED
Line, Extend, Trim, Dimension

PROCEDURE
1. Open AutoCAD from desktop
2. Select the Matric sheet
3. Set the drawing limits by clicking, FORMAT → DRAWING LIMITS. From menu
bar and set the required values for both lower and upper limits.
4. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM ALL to get enlarged view.
5. Set the units and precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT → UNITS
6. Click on the LINE from the draw toolbar and drawn the horizontal and vertical line.
7. Draw the isometric view using commands line, trim, extend, etc.
8. Finally the outer dimensions are shown by clicking dimensions from the menu bar
and give the required dimensions.
9. The drawings have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT
Draw and modified simple geographical figure using CAD tools.

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EXPERIMENT NO 7 - BLOCK
LAB DEPARTMENT OFEEE

EXPERIMENT NO 8 - SUPPORT

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LAB EXPERIMENT NO 9 –OF

DEPARTMENT I BLOCK
EEE

EXPERIMENT NO 10 – ANGLE BLOCK

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EXPERIMENT 11 – CI BLOCK
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EXPERIMENT NO 12 – H BLOCK

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EXPT NO:
LAB DATE: DEPARTMENT OFEEE

ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW OF C I BLOCK

AIM
To draw and modify Isometric view to Orthographic views Using CAD tools.

COMMANDS USED
Line, Extend, Trim, Dimension

PROCEDURE

1. Open AutoCAD from desktop

2. Select the Matric sheet
3. Set the drawing limits by clicking, FORMAT → DRAWING LIMITS. From
menu bar and set the required values for both lower and upper limits.
4. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM ALL to get enlarged view.
5. Set the units and precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →
UNITS
6. Click on the LINE from the draw toolbar and drawn the horizontal and vertical
line.
7. Draw and label the Orthographic view using commands line, trim, extend, etc.
8. Finally the outer dimensions are shown by clicking dimensions from the menu bar
and give the required dimensions.
9. The drawings have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT
Draw and modified simple geographical figure using CAD tools.

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EXPERIMENT NO 13 – CI BLOCK

EXPERIMENT NO 14 – SHAFT END

SUPPORT

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EXPERIMENT NO 15 – STEPPED BLOCK

EXPERIMENT 16 – SHAFT SUPPORT

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EXPERIMENT NO 17 – ADJUSTABLE
SUPPORT

EXPERIMENT NO 18 – SHAFT
BEARING

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