NCERT Practice Sheet
Zoology
Excretory products and their elimination
Q1. Comparison of the volume of the filtrate formed per day (180 litres per day) with that of
the
urine released ___A___, suggest that nearly ___B___ of the filtrate has to be reabsorbed by
the renal tubules. This process is called ___C___
Q2. Substances like glucose, amino acids, Na+, etc., in the filtrate are reabsorbed ___A___
whereas the nitrogenous wastes are absorbed by ___B___ transport. Reabsorption of water
also occurs ___C___ in the initial segments of the nephron
Q3. ___A___ is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium which ___B___ the surface
area for reabsorption. Nearly all of the essential nutrients, and ___C___ of electrolytes
and water are reabsorbed by this segment.
Q4. The ___A___ limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water but almost ____B___ to
electrolytes. This concentrates the filtrate as it moves ___C___. The ascending limb is
____D___ to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively .
Q5. Conditional reabsorption of ___A___ and water takes place in ___B___. DCT is also capable
of ___C___ of HCO3 – and ___D___ of hydrogen and potassium ions and NH 3 to maintain
the pH and sodium-potassium balance in blood.
Q6. Collecting duct extends from the ___A___ of the kidney to the inner parts of the ___B___.
Large amounts of water could be ___C___ from this region to produce a ___D___ urine.
Q7. Mammals have the ability to produce a ___A___ urine. The Henle’s loop and ___B___ play a
significant role in this. The flow of filtrate in the two limbs of Henle’s loop is in ___C___
directions and thus forms a counter current
Q8. The proximity between the Henle’s loop and vasa recta, as well as the counter current in
them help in maintaining an ___A___ osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium,
i.e., from ___B___ mOsmolL–1 in the cortex to about ___C___ mOsmolL–1 in the inner
medulla. This gradient is mainly caused by NaCl and ___D___
Q9. ___A___ is transported by the ascending limb of ___B___ which is exchanged with the
descending limb of ___C___. NaCl is returned to the interstitium by the ___D___ portion of
vasa recta.
Q10. An excessive loss of fluid from the body can activate these receptors which stimulate the
___A___ to release ___B___ from the ___C___. ADH facilitates water reabsorption from latter
parts of the tubule, thereby preventing ___D___.
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NCERT Practice Sheet
Zoology
Excretory products and their elimination
Answer Key
S 1. Ans. A = 1.5 litres, B = 99 percent, C = S 3. Ans. A = PCT, B =increases, C = 70 –
reabsorption 80 percent
S 2. Ans. A = actively, B = passive, C = S 4. Ans. A = descending, B = impermeable,
passively C = down , D = impermeable
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NCERT Practice Sheet
Zoology
Excretory products and their elimination
S 5. Ans A = Na+, B = DCT, C = S 9. Ans. A = NaCl, B = Henle’s loop, C =
reabsorption , D = selective secretion vasa recta, D = ascending
S 6. Ans. A = cortex, B = medulla, C = S 10. Ans.A = hypothalamus, B = ADH, C
reabsorbed , D = concentrated = neurohypophysis, D = diuresis
S 7. Ans. A = concentrated, B =vasa recta ,
C = opposite
S 8. Ans. A = increasing, B = 300, C =
1200, D = urea
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