9 Expressions and formulae Caan implifying algebraic expressions 1 Simplify each expression. axat Bx b exe axd exe fxf? croc sa te anoe 2 Simplify each xpresion 2a?x 2a? b Abt x Abt € 6x6? ed BA XBE eWexe fF Px lof 16g +2¢¢ h 9h + 3h i 1oxtssx 1s ae Sx ux" k 32 ere 3. Which is the correct answer, A, B, C or D? a Simplify3ax4q@. A 7a’ BB I2a5 CC 7a’ 1208 b Simplify 46x 5b. A 206 -B 200) C 9b =D OO © Simplify 1sé=50. A30 Ble C3e D100 4 Simplify 24°. A3d B 6d C 6d' D3 a4 4 Look at these algebra cards. 9x84 x? (Bex2e 12x? + 4x Sort the cards into two groups. Explain how you decided to sort the groups. b Which card does not fit into either of the groups? Explain why you chose this card. WPA ) 9 resins a ormase a 9x + 3x?¢ Exercise 9.2 Constructing algebraic expressions 4 Oditi thinks of a number, n, Write an expression, in terms of n, for the number Oditi gets when she: adds 1 to the number subtracts 10 from the number ‘multiplies the number by 100 divides the number by 1000 multiplies the number by 2 then adds 3 divides the number by 4 then subtracts 5 multiplies the number by 6 then subtracts 7 divides the number by 8 then adds 9 divides I by the number then subtracts 1 divides 10 by double the number adds 20 to the number then multiplies the result by 3 (subtracts 3 from the number then multiplies the result by 20. 2 Write an expression, in terms of x, for the perimeter of each shape. Write each expression in its simplest form. b © d Sx-2 ROOM sean ee ace 5-2 3. Write an expression for the area of each shape. ‘Write each expression in its simplest form. : * ; y ay | a 4 Write an expression for: i theperimeter ii the area of each rectangle. Write each answer in its simplest form, Expand brackets where necessary. a a+3 b c 5 dea ” i. ba 9 Expressions and formulae| | ©; 5 Jake and Razi have four different rods. at? an The length of each grey rod is a + 2. The length of each black rod is a+ 3. 7 aay The length of each white rod is 2a-+ 2. WLI ‘The length of each striped rod is 3a + 1. Look at the lengths of the rods. Jake shows Razi that the total length of two black rods and four striped rods is the same as the total length of four white rods and two striped rods; ike this, 2 dlack-+ 4 striped 4 white-+ 2 striped: Y =2(a4 3)+4(3a41) = 4(2a+2)+2(30+ 1) = 20+ 6+ 12044 = 8a+8+ 6042 = 14a+ 10 14a 10 a Show that: i the total length of 2 black rods and 2 striped rods is the same as the total length of 4 white rods {i the total length of 3 black rods and 3 striped rods is the same as the total length of 6 white rods fii_ the total length of 5 black rods and 5 striped rods is the same as the total length of 10 white rods. b. What do your answers to part a tell you about the connection between the number of black and striped rods and the number of white rods? © Show that: i the total length of 4 black rods and 2 white rods is the same as the total length of 8 grey rods it the total length of 6 black rods and 3 white rods is the same as the total length of 12 grey rods iii the total length of 8 black rods and 4 white rods is the same as the total length of 16 grey rods. d What do your answers to part ¢ tell you about the connection between the number of black and white rods and the number of grey rods? AMEE ) 9 eorssions ana omutee4 ESS mee ek ne 1 Work out the value of each expression when a= 2, btd a+2b 2d-b a-c 4b+2a 3d-6b bd-10 cd? + ab daa 20-a* ab+ od be bed =4and d same nn oe Se Work out the value of each expression when w= 3,x=2,y=—4 and 2= —2. 3(w+ x) x2w-») 7 a7 eanee 200-2) 20-2? w+ 2(3x-2y) 3(w+ x) -5(w— x) ‘This is part of Sasha's homework. oo Question sea counter-example to- show that the statement 3x? = (3x)? ty not alwayy trues Answer — Let'x = 3, so-3x4 = 3.x 327 =2%9= 27 and Qyanmee YRS Sl 27 # 81, 30°3x? # (3x)* ‘Use a counter-example to show that each of these statements is not always true. a 10a’=(10a)? b (2b)= 20 © 3c—3d=3(d-0) 9 fares and formule@ formula for the number of hours, H, in any number of days, D. b Use your formula in part a to work out the value of H when D= 10. € Rearrange your formula in part a to make D the subject. 4 Use you formula in part ¢ to work out the value of D when H= 480. Use the formula D = ST to work out the value of: In question 2 parts ¢ and a Dwhen $= 50 and b Dwhen $=120and T=1.5 | d, start by changing the © SwhenD=100andT=5 — d Twhen D=22and subject of the formula. Use the formula a Fwhen © Then @ ewhen = I+ ae to work out the value of: b Fwhen dd Iwhen =50,1=10anda=8 — f awhen Stanley is d years old. Polly is 3 years older than Stanley. @ Write an expression for Polly’s age in terms of d. b Write a formula for the total age, T, of Stanley and Polly. © Use your formula in part b to work out the value of T when d= 8. d_ Rearrange your formula in part ¢ to make d the subject. © Use your formula in part d to work out the value of d when T= 27. Kimma buys and sells furniture. She uses the formula in the box work to out the Percentage profit = S08 Bie Exercise 11.2 Comparing different quantities 4 Inan English exam Zalika scored 53 out of 70. Ina science exam she scored 37 out of 45. better in the AC) eam AC) the science, Use pacman to check whether Zalika is correct. @ 2 Ina group of 420 young people, 37 wear glasses. Ina group of 1570 older people, 423 wear glasses. Compare the percentages that wear glasses in each group. 3 Rovers and United are two football teams. Rovers won 14 matches, drew 7 and lost 10. United won 8 matches, drew 2 and lost 3. a. Find the percentage of matches that each team won. b Which team has the better record for winning matches? 44 In 2012 there was an election for the president of France. ‘The two candidates were Monsieur Hollande and Monsieur Sarkozy. ‘These are the numbers of votes cast in two regions of France. Gandidate | MHollande | MSarkozy Paris 360.459 447499 Corsica 70148 38799 | Find the percentage of the regional vote for M Hollande in: a Paris b Corsica GD 5 tna games lesson at school, some children chose whether to play tennis or badminton. Boys Giris Total Tennis 2 41 a Badminton 2 5 77. Total os | Calculate the percentage of the tennis players who were: Eboys it girls b Compare the percentages of the badminton players who were boys and girls, Jj 31% of the boys chose tennis. Is Razi correct? Give a reason for your answer. | i In this group, girls are more likely than boys to choose tennis. rs Is Mia correct? Give a reason for your answer. 14 PercentagesI CEE es 41 These are the prices of three items of furniture in Jean-Luc’s shop. Carpet $720 Table $460. Chair $240 Ina special sale, Jean-Luc reduced all the prices by $100. Find the percentage reduction in each price. 2 The population of a town was 23000. After some new houses were built, the population increased to 24500. ‘Work out the percentage increase in population. 3 Darwin's best time for running 5000 metres is 16 minutes. He wants to run it in 15 minutes 30 seconds. What percentage reduction in time is this? 4 The table shows Julika’s mass in four months of the same year. Monin] January [Apa [July [ Octber Mass (kg) [512 546 52.7 489 Calculate the percentage change in Julika’s mass: from January to April b from April to October € from July to October. 5 On 1 June,a plant was 20cm It grew 2cm every week. Find the percentage increase when the height changed from: 20cm to 22em b 22emto 24cm © 24cmto26em 28cm to 30cm GQ 6 11 1900, the population of a country was 12.8 milion. In 2000, the population was 29.4 milion, a. Work out the percentage increase in population from 1900 to 2000. bb If the percentage increase isthe same inthe next 100 years estimate the population in 2100. 7. a The speed of a car increased from 80kmv/h to 90kmY/h, Calculate the percentage increase. b The speed of a car decreased from 90km/h to 80km/b. Calculate the percentage decrease. © Acar was travelling at 70km/h. ‘The speed increased by 7%. Calculate the new speed. Qe A: Two for the: B: Buy two; get C: Buy one; get the price of one! one free! second half price! a. Find the percentage reduction fr each ofthese special offers. Which is the best offer? ipl ) 2s rece@® 1 Texispsid on mealsinaresasrnt (> Exercise 1.4 Practical examples 1. Ferdinand bought four items on the internet. Two weeks later, he sold them. ‘The table shows what he paid for them (cost price) and what he sold them for (selling price). Mem Radio| ‘Television | Computer | Jewellery E Cost price (dollars) 40 360 520 275 Selling price dollars) | 52 400) 460 345, Calculate the percentage profit or loss for each item. 2 The cost ofa mathematics textbook is 25 dollars. Aschool gets a 15% discount because it buys 60 books. Calculate the total reduction in price. 3, Aman earns $65000, He pays 18% of that in tax. Calculate how much he has left, after paying the tax. He invests $4500 and earns 696 interest per annum. Calculate the interest after one year. € He takes out a loan to buy a car. ‘The price of the car is $24750. He pays $25 740 altogether. ‘What is the percentage interest? 4 Ashopkeeper bought 24 bottles of fruit juice for $63 dollars. She sold them for $2.95 each. Calculate her percentage profit or loss. 5 Asales tax of 996 is added to the price of the items sold in a shop. ‘The prices of three items, before tax is added, are shown in the box. Calculate the price ofeach item after tax has been added. 6 Aman takes loan of $45000. The interest is 3%. He pays the loan with 36 equal payments. How much is each payment? ‘The price ofa meal was $57.23. This inchudes tax of $8.73. What is the percentage tax? Q & income taxis calculated like this. First $20000 no tam $2000 tr $40000 15% ‘over $4000 25% Hockey stick $75 Football boots $52 Track sult $129 Eeample: If yow earn $25000, youpay 15% of ($25000 - $20000) = $750 ow$45000, yowpay 15% of ($40000 - $20000) + 25% of ($4500 - £40000) ‘= $3000 + $1250 = $4250 ‘Work out the income tax paid by someone who earns: a si9000 29000 -€ —$49000. 44 Percentages