Phar

macol
ogyPr
offQuest
ions
(
Last5y
earr
egul
ar&suppl
ementquest
ion)

Gener
alPhar
macol
ogy

 Def
-Phar
macoki
net
ics,
Phar
macody
nami
cs

 Dr
ug-Def
+Sour
ces

 Al
kal
oids&Gl
ycosi
des-Pr
oper
ti
es

 Doses-
Types,
Howt
ocal
cul
atei
nchi
l
d?

 Sour
cesofDr
ugi
nfor
mat
ion

 D/
bPhar
macopei
a&For
mul
ary

 Dr
ugNomencl
atur
e-Adv&di
sadvofPr
opr
iet
ary&nonpr
opr
iet
aryname

 Rout
esofDr
ugadmi
nist
rat
ion-S.
N+Adv&Di
sadvofOr
al,
Subl
i
ngual
&IVr
out
e

 Drugabsor
pti
on-Def
+Whatarethepr
ocess+D/bsi
mplediff
usi
on&act
ivet
ranspor
t
+Fact
oraff
ecti
ngabsrobt
ion+Sol
ubi
li
tyr
olei
nabsorpt
ion

 Fi
rstpassMet
abol
i
sm/
Presy
stemi
ccl
ear
ance-
Shor
tnot
e

 PPBdr
ug-Import
antchar
act
eri
sti
cs+Cl
i
nical
l
yimpor
tantdr
ugi
nter
ect
ionatt
hel
evel
of
Pl
asmaprotei
nbi
nding+D/BFreedr
ug&PPBdrug

 Biotr
ansf
ormation-Shor
tnote+Whydrugmetabol
i
sm isnecessary+Ai
m-Obj+PhaseI
I
reacti
on/
Conjugati
onreact
ion+Agef
actori
ndrugbiot
ranf
ormation+Si
gni
fi
canceof
Enzymeinducti
on

 Pr
o-Dr
ug-Def
+Cl
i
nical
imp+Exampl
eēact
ivedr
ug

 Drugexcr
eti
on-Mi
norr
outes+Gener
alpri
nci
pleofdr
ugexcret
ionthroughki
dney
+
Fact
ormorti
fyi
ngr
enalexcr
eti
on+Ther
apeut
icimpor
tanceofbil
iar
yexcret
ion

 Fi
rstor
derki
net
ics-Shor
tnot
e

 Hal
fli
fe-Def
+Impor
tance+I
nfor
mat
iony
ougetf
rom adr
ughal
fli
fet
1/2i
s12hour
s

 Receptor
-Def
+Classi
fya.
ctoMOA+D/
bRecept
orup&downr
egul
ati
on+Mechani
sm of
drugacti
onvi
aICCR&GPCR

 Ther
apeut
ici
ndex
-Shor
tnot
e

 Ther
apeut
icwi
ndow-Def
+Cl
i
nical
Imp

 Ant
agoni
sm-D/
bPhy
siol
ogi
cal
&Phar
macol
ogi
cal
ant
agoni
sm
  I
diosy
ncr
asy
-Shor
tnot
e+D/
bhy
per
sensi
ti
vi
ty&i
diosy
ncr
asy

 Dr
ugabuse-shor
tnot
e

Aut
onomi
cPhar
macol
ogy

 Neur
otr
ansmi
tt
er-Def
+Cl
assi
fy

 Chol
i
ner
gicNeur
otr
ansmi
ssi
on-
Steps+Recept
orēt
hei
rlocat
ion&ef
fect

 Chol
i
ner
gicdr
ugs-
Name/
classi
fy

 Acet
ychhol
i
ne-
Syn,
rel
ease,
met
abol
i
sm+Hasgotnocl
i
nical
uti
l
ity
-expl
ain

 Pi
l
ocar
pin&Ti
mol
ol-Howr
educeI
OP/
Glucoma

 Phy
sost
igmi
ne&Neost
igmi
ne-D/
b+Howneost
igmi
ner
ever
set
heact
ionofgal
l
ami
ne

 OPC-Poi
soni
ngShor
tnot
e+Rol
eofat
ropi
nei
nOPCpoi
soni
ng

 Anti
-muscar
ini
cdr
ug-
Classi
fy+Pharmacologi
calef
fectofat
ropi
ne(
speci
all
yinEYE)
+
D/bAtr
opine&Homatr
opine+Clini
caluseofatr
opineli
kesubst
ances

 NMJblocker
-Dr
ugsname+MOAofGal
l
ami
ne+Rol
eofSucchi
nyl
chol
i
nei
nendot
racheal
i
ntubat
ion

 Adr
enal
i
ne-St
epsofsy
nthesi
s+f
ate+I
ndi
cat
ion+Rol
eincaseofAnaphy
lact
icshock

 Adr
energicneur
otr
ansmissi
on-St
eps+Recept
orēt
hierl
ocat
ion+Benef
it
sofB2r
ecept
or
i
m bronchus&gravi
duterus

 Adr
ener
gicagoni
st-Cl
assi
fy

 Dopami
n-Rol
einCar
diogeni
cshock

 Adr
ener
gicant
agoni
st-
Classi
fy

 Dr
ugt
reat
mentofer
ect
il
edy
sfunct
ion

 Bet
abl
ockerdr
ug-
Name+Ext
raCVSIndi
cati
on+MOA+RoleofPropanol
oli
nasthamat
ic
pt+D/
bPropanol
ol&at
enol
ol+UseofPropanol
oli
nDi
abet
icptgett
ingI
nsul
i
n

Occul
arPhar
macol
ogy
+Br
onchi
alAst
hma

 Dr
ugsf
orgl
aucomaēt
hei
rrat
ional
basi
s

 Asthma-Antiast
hmati
cdrugs+Management+Dr ugusedasOralI
nhal
er+Roleof
Salemet
eroli
nBronchi
alasthma+Adverseef
fectofAminophy
li
ne+Glucocor
ti
coi
ds
usedinasthma+RoleofGlucocor
ti
coi
dinast
hma

 Shor
tnot
e-I
ndacet
erol
+Mastcel
lst
abl
i
li
zer
s

 Mont
elukast
-Shor
tnot
e+Rol
einast
hma
Di
uret
ics

 Cl
assi
fyA.
Ctot
hesi
teofact
ion

 Lowef
fi
cacydi
uret
icsēt
hieri
ndi
cat
ion

 Loopdi
uret
ics-Shortnot
e+Indocat
ionoff
rusemi
de+Adv
erseef
fectofFr
usemi
de
(met
abol
ic&el ect
rol
yteadv
erseeff
ect)

 Rat
ional
eofusi
ngt
hiazi
dedi
uret
icsal
ongwi
thangi
otensi
nIIr
ecept
orbl
ocker

 Rat
ional
eofusi
ngt
hiazi
deal
ongwi
thCa2+channel
blocker
s

 D/
bFr
usemi
de&Thi
azi
de

 K+spar
ingdi
uret
ics-I
ndi
cat
ion

 Acet
azol
ami
de-
Cli
nical
uses

Dr
ugsact
ingonCVS+Bl
ood

 Ant
i-
hyper
tensi
vedr
ugs-Cl
assi
fy+Saf
eri
npr
egnancy+PtēBr
onchi
alast
hma

 RAASi
nhi
bit
ior
s-Cl
assi
fy

 ACEi
nhi
bit
ors-I
ndi
cat
ion+Rol
eofACEi
nhi
bit
orsi
nHTNēDM +MOA+Adv
erseef
fect

 Ca2+Channel
blocker
-MOA

 Al
phamet
hyl
dopa-Shor
tNot
e

 Vasodi
alat
ors-Cl
assi
fy

 Angi
na/I
HD–Ant i-
anginal
drugs+management+Rol
eofl
owdoseaspi
ri
n+Rol
eof
Ca2+channel
blocker

 GTN-MOA+Adv
erseef
fect

 Hear
tfai
l
ure–Dr
ugsi
nhear
tfai
l
ure+Management+Rol
eofLosar
tan&Capt
opr
il

 Di
goxi
n-Rol
einhear
tfai
l
ure

 Ant
iar
rhy
thmi
cdr
ug-Cl
assi
fy

 Ant
i-
plat
eletdr
ug-Cl
assi
fy

 LowdoseAspi
ri
n-MOA

 Ant
icoagul
ant–Shor
tnot
e

 Hepar
in-Adv
ant
ageofLMW ov
erUnf
ract
ional
hepar
in+D/
Bthem

 War
far
in-Shor
tnot
e
  St
rept
oki
nase-Shor
tnot
e

 Li
pidl
ower
ingagent
-Cl
assi
fy

 Hemat
ini
cs-Shor
tnot
e+Names+Rol
eofI
ron,
VitB12&Fol
l
icaci
dinanaemi
a+
I
ndi
cat
ionofIr
onther
apy

Endocr
inePhar
macol
ogy

 Ant
idi
abet
icdr
ugs-
Classi
fy

 I
nsul
i
ne-MOA+Di
ff
erentpr
epar
ati
on+I
ndi
cat
ion+Adv
erseef
fect

 I
nsul
i
ner
esi
stance-Shor
tnot
e

 OHA-Cl
assi
fy

 Sul
fony
ureas/
Tol
but
ami
de-MOA

 Met
for
min-Shor
tnot
e+MOA+I
ndi
cat
ion+Adv
erseef
fect

 Si
tagl
i
pti
ne–Shor
tnot
e

 Gl
ucocor
ti
coids-Cl
assif
ya.ctot
herout
eofadmini
str
ati
on+Per mi
ssi
veact
ion+ant
i-
i
nfl
ammatory+meat bol
iceff
ect
+Longter
m usi
ngadverseef
fect

 Fl
uti
casone-Shor
tnot
e

 Cont
racept
ives-Cl
assi
fy+Rol
eofOest
rogen&Pr
ogest
eronei
ncont
racept
ive

 OCP-I
ndi
cat
ion+Adv
erseef
fect+Cont
rai
ndi
cat
ion+Sel
ect
ionofI
deal
cli
ent

 POP/
MINIpi
l
l–I
ndi
cat
ion

 D/
bCombi
nedpi
l
l&mi
nipi
l
l

 Namepr
ogest
eroneonl
ycont
racept
ivesi
nor
all
y,i
nject
abl
e&I
mpl
ant

 Ant
i-
thy
roi
ddr
ugs-Cl
assi
fy

Gast
roi
ntest
inal
Phar
macol
ogy

 PUD-Dr
ugsusedi
nPUD+Management

 H2r
ecapt
orbl
ocker
s-Name+MOA

 PPI
-Name+MOA

 Tr
ipl
ether
apy

 Mi
spr
ost
ol-Rol
einPUD

 Laxat
ives-Names
  Dr
ugsusedi
nNauseaVomi
ti
ng

 Ant
i-emet
ics-Names+MOAofMet
ocl
orpr
omi
de+D/
bDomper
idone&
Metochl
orpromi
de

 Ant
idi
arr
heal-RoleofORS+Dr ugsf
orDiar
rhoea+I
ndiscri
minat
euseofant
i-
mot i
l
itydr
ug
&anti
microbi
als+Rol eofLoper
ami
deinacutewat
erydiarr
hea+Outl
i
neofselect
ionofP
dr
uginacutediarrhoea

 Dr
ugsofI
BD

Dr
ugact
ingi
nCNS

 Sedati
ves-
hypnoti
cs-Cl
assi
fydr
ug+MOAofBNZ/
Bar
bit
urat
es+Whydi
azepam i
sbet
ter
thanbarbi
tur
ates+D/bBarbi
tur
ates&BNZ

 Ant
ipsychoti
c-Cl
assi
fydrug+MOAofChlor
promazine+Adv
erseef
fect+D/
bty
pical
&
at
ypicaldr
ug+Treatmentofdr
ugi
nducedparki
nsonism

 Ant
idepr
essant
-Cl
assi
fydr
ug+D/
bTCA&SSRI

 Anti
parkinsoni
an-Cl
assi
fydr
ug+Just
if
ycombi
neduseofl
evodopaēcar
bidopa+Rol
e
ofProcycli
dinei
nParki
nsoni
sm

 Anti
conv
ulsant–Cl
assi
fydr
ug+Shor
tnot
ePheny
toi
n+MOA,
Indi
cat
io,Adv
erseef
fect
ofPheny
toin

 Opi
oid-Analgesi
cs-Defanalgesics+Classi
fydrug+MOAPet hi
dine/
Morphi
ne+Cent
ral
ef
fect,
Indicati
on&Cont r
aindicati
on(ēJusti
fi
cati
on)
,Adv
erseeff
ectofMorphi
ne+D/
b
Morphine&pet hi
dine+D/bOpi oids&NSAIDs

 G.Anaesthet
ics-Classi
fyG.anaesthet
ic+Classi
fyIVanaest
hetic+OBJofG.anaesthet
ic
+Drugēst agesofG. anaesthesi
a+Dr ugusedinPre-
anaestheti
csmedi
cat
ion+Objecti
ve
ofPre-anaet
heticsmedicati
on+Shor tnote-Bal
ancedanaethesi
a&Ketami
ne

 Local
anaet
hesi
a–Shor
tnot
e+MOA+Adv
erseef
fectofLi
docai
ne

 Muscl
erel
axant–Cl
assi
fy
Aut
acoi
ds

 Cl
assi
fyaut
acoi
ds

 2ndGenar
ati
onant
ihi
stami
ne-Dr b1st&2ndGen
ugsname+D/

 PGanal
ogues-Cl
i
nical
use

 Ser
otoni
nagoni
st&ant
agoni
st-Name+Cl
i
nical
use

 Oxytocic–Names+Rol
eofer
got
ami
nei
m del
i
ver
y+D/
bOxy
toci
n,Er
got
ami
ne&
Prostaglandi
n

 Tocol
yti
cs-Names

NSAI
Ds

 Descr
ibeanal
gesi
cef
fectofDi
clof
enac

 Lowdoseaspi
ri
n-I
ndi
cat
ion+Adv
erseef
fect+D/
bPar
acet
amol
&Aspi
ri
n

 Adv
ant
ageofCOXI
Bsov
ert
radi
ti
onal
NSAI
DS

 Adv
erseef
fectofsel
ect
iveCOX-
IIi
nhi
bit
ors

St
eroi
d

 Cl
assi
fya.
ctot
hepot
ency&r
out
e

 Ant
ii
nfl
ammat
ory+Met
abol
i
c+Per
missi
ve

 Adv
erseef
fect

Ant
imi
crobi
als

I
ntr
oduct
ion

 Ant
ibi
oti
cs-Def
+Cl
assi
fya.
ctot
heMOA

 Dr
ugr
esi
stant
-Def
+Howr
esi
stantdev
elop+Howt
oov
ercome

 Ant
imi
crobi
alst
her
aphy
-Pr
inci
ple

 Ant
imi
crobi
als–Saf
eri
nPr
egnancy

 Chemot
her
apeut
ics-Def

 Adv
ant
ageofCombi
nechemot
her
apy
Bet
a-l
act
am Ant
ibi
oti
cs

 Peni
cil
l
in-
MOA+I
ndi
cat
ion+Adv
erseef
fect

 Just
if
ycombi
neduseofAmoxi
cil
l
in&cl
avul
i
nicaci
d

 Cephal
ospor
in-Cl
assi
fy+I
ndi
cat
ion+Adv
erseef
fect

 Dr
ugusedi
nUTI
,Ent
eri
cfev
er,
Ant
ipseudomonal

Pr
otei
nSy
nthesi
sinhi
bit
ors

 Namepr
otei
nsy
ninhi
bit
ors

 Ami
nogl
ycosi
des-Pr
oper
ti
es+MOA+I
ndi
cat
ion+Adv
erseef
fect

 Tet
racy
cli
nes-
Classi
fy+I
ndi
cat
ion+Adv
erseef
fect+D/
bTet
racy
cli
ne&Doxy
cycl
i
ne

 D/
bEr
ythr
omy
cin&Azy
thr
omy
cin

 Er
ythr
omy
cin+War
far
in=?
?

Qui
nol
ones

 Fl
uroqui
nol
ones-Cl
assi
fy+MOA+I
ndi
cat
ions+Adv
erseef
fect+Whycont
rai
ndi
cat
e
i
nOLDage

Ant
if
olat
e

 Just
if
ycombi
nat
ionofSul
famt
hoxazol
e&Tr
imet
hopr
im

Ant
iscabi
es+Ant
ikal
azar+Ant
iamoebi
c

 Dr
ugusedi
nscabi
es&Kal
a-azar

 Dr
ugusedi
namoebi
asi
s

 Met
roni
dazol
e-MOA+I
ndi
cat
ion+Adv
erseef
fect

Ant
i-
mal
ari
al

 Cl
assi
fyant
imal
ari
aldr
ugs

 Rol
eofChl
oroqui
ne&Pr
imaqui
nei
nvi
vaxmal
ari
a

 Adv
erseef
fectofQui
nine

 Tr
eat
mentofCompl
i
cat
ed&uncompl
i
cat
edmal
ari
a

 Mal
ari
apr
ophy
laxi
s

 Just
if
ycombi
nat
ionofChl
oroqui
ne&Pr
imaqui
ne,
Art
emet
er&l
umef
ant
ri
ne
Speci
alTopi
cs

 Essent
ial
drugs-Shor
tnot
e

 Rat
ional
useofdr
ug-Shor
tnot
e

 Pdr
ug–Shor
tnot
e

Ant
i-
TBdr
ugs&Ant
i-
Lepr
oti
cs

 1stl
i
neant
i-
TBdr
ugs-Name+adv
erseef
fectofeachdr
ugs

 Tr
eat
mentr
egi
mentav
ail
abl
e

 Descr
ibe6mont
hsr
egi
men

 I
NH&Ri
fampi
cin-MOA+Just
if
ycombi
nat
ion

 DOTs-Shor
tnot
e

 MDR-
TB-Dr
ugused

 Adv
icef
orTBpat
ient

 Tr
eat
mentofMul
ti
baci
l
lar
ylepr
osy

Ant
if
ungal

 Cl
assi
fyant
if
ungal
drugs

 Whatar
etheazol
es

Mi
scel
l
aneousQuest
ions
 Wri
teadr
ener
gicneur
otr
ansmi
ssi
onēdi
agr
am showi
ngt
ransmi
ssi
oncanbemodi
fi
edbydr
ug(
M
-
22/Q4)

 Aspi
ri
nshoul
dn’
tgi
veni
nbr
onchi
alast
hma,
expl
ain(
M-22/
Q17)

 Rol
e&I
ndi
cat
ionofI
ron,
Vit
-B12&f
oli
caci
dinanaemi
a(N-
21/
Q5)

 D/
BHy
drocor
ti
sone&Becl
omet
hason(
N21/
Q16)

 SN-UTI(
N21),
PostAnt
ibi
oti
cef
fect
(M21)
,Ioni
zat
ionconst
ant
(M20)
,Cl
i
nical
st
udy[
Vacci
ne/Dr
ug]
(M20),

 Dr
aw&ShowAdr
ener
gicr
ecept
ordi
str
ibut
ion(
M21/
Q4)

 Promethazi
neant
agoni
zehi
stami
ne'
itcanbepr
ovedi
nexper
iment
alani
mal
-br
ief
lydi
scuss
(M21/Q17)

 I
mpuseofI
soni
azi
de&Ri
fampi
ci
n(M21/
Q20)

 Ant
ihel
mthi
csēt
hei
rdosageschedul
e(M21/
Q21)
 I
ll
ust
reat
echol
i
ner
gicneur
otr
ansmi
ssi
on(
N20/
Q5)

 Out
li
net
ype2medi
atedr
ecept
oract
ionēexampl
e(N20/
Q3)

 Just
ifycombi
nat
ionofI
NH&RI
FAMPI
CINi
nPul
monar
yTB,
Cef
uroxi
me&Cl
avul
i
nicaci
din
Abscess

 ADV&di
sadv
ant
ageofdi
ff
erentf
ormul
ati
onofI
ron(
M20)

 D/
BShor
tact
ing&l
ongact
ingmuscl
erel
axant
(M20)

 Compar
evasosel
ect
ive&car
diosel
ect
iveCa2+bl
ocker(
M20)

 Enumer
ateProgest
eroneonl
ycont
racept
iveēt
hiermethodofuse(
M20)/Nameprogest
erone
onl
ycont
racept
ivegi
venoral
l
y,par
enter
all
y&asimplant?(
N19)&Thierl
i
mit
ati
on(
M19)

 Di
scusst
hesuper
visi
onofSt
eroi
dther
apy(
M20)

 NameGAanaest
het
icdr
ugaccor
dingt
othest
age(
M20)

 Benef
it&Si
deef
fectofCOX2i
nhi
bit
or(
M20)

 Cat
-2r
egi
menofTB(
M20)

 Dox
ycy
cli
nei
nCov
id19(
M20)

 Whyl
owdoseaspi
ri
ngi
veni
nMI
?(N19)

 Recombi
nentDNATechnol
ogy(
M19)

 Saf
erdr
ugi
nCKD(
M19)

 Just
if
ycombi
nat
ionofI
mipenem &Ci
l
ast
ati
n(M19)

 Explai
n-Doxy
cycl
i
neneednotdoseadj
ust
menti
nCKD,Fl
uroqui
nol
onesshoul
dbeav
oidi
n
extr
emeage,

 Benzat
hinepeni
cil
l
ini
spr
eff
eredi
npr
ophy
laxi
sofRheumat
oidar
thr
it
is(
M19)

 Tr
eat
mentofHepat
icamoebi
asi
s(N18)

 Whymul
ti
drugar
eusedi
nTB?(
N18)

 Di
scussr
ecept
oref
fect
orl
i
nkagef
oll
owi
ngDr
ugr
ecept
ori
nter
ect
ion(
M18)

 Cl
assi
fyst
eroi
da.
ctot
heGl
ucocor
ti
coi
d&mi
ner
alcor
ti
coi
dact
ivi
ty(
M18

Compi
l
edby
~
EshaqAl
Mahi
n(Rol
l21/
JRRMC26t
h)