ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL USE OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN ANIMALS IN
AKURE
BY
ALAWE, Opeyemi Cecilia
NDA/2020/653
A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HEALTH AND
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN ANIMAL
HEALTH AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, FEDERAL COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE AKURE, ONDO STATE
FEBRUARY, 2023
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CERTIFICATION
BY THE STUDENT
I hereby certify that this work has not been presented elsewhere for the award of degree or any
purpose.
ALAWE, Opeyemi Cecilia
Student's Name Signature Date
APPROVAL BY SUPERVISOR
I hereby certify that this work was carried out by ALAWE, Opeyemi Cecilia with matriculation
number NDA/2020/653 in the Department of Animal Health and Production Technology,
Federal College of Agriculture Akure, Ondo State.
Dr. (Mrs) O.M Adefegha
Supervisor's Name Signature Date
APPROVAL BY THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Dr. S. A. Adeyeye
Head of Department Signature Date
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I give God Almighty the glory, honour and adoration for His mercies and goodness which I have
received from Him and for sparing my life throughout the period of my study and for the
inspiration He has given me to make this project work become a reality.
I also appreciate my supervisor, Dr. (Mrs) O.M Adefegha for the love and care she showed to me
and different kind of advice and encouragement given to me at every level of this project, thank
you, ma. My appreciation as well goes to my Head of Department (HOD), in person of Dr. S. A
Adeyeye and to all lecturers and technologists in the department; Mr. O. R Teniola, Miss T. B
Ajulo, Mr.Ashafa S. L, Mrs Owolabi, Mr Olajide and others
I express my profound gratitude to my mentor, guardians and parents, Mr and Mrs Alawe for
their support, encouragement and advice for me through-out my course of study. I am so
grateful. I pray you will never lack any good thing in life in Jesus name. Amen!
I also acknowledge the efforts of my brothers that have contributed to my success in one way or
the other; Kolade Alawe, Tunde Alawe, Olaoluwa Alawe and Oluwafemi Alawe. Likewise, I
will like to express my gratitude to my friends for the genuine love they showed to me such as
Oluwayemisi Ogundana, Olajumoke Sunday and Lucy Omojowo.
My appreciation goes to Mummy Shindara and Sister Juliet for their genuine love towards me
for taking me as a sister and the motherly love you showed to me for allowing me not to have the
feeling of not having a sister, I really appreciate your efforts.
My appreciation would not be complete if I fail to acknowledge my project mates who all
cooperated with me during the period of my project, Akinwumi Ifeoluwa, Aremo Adeola and
Oladipupo Emmanuel. Thank you all.
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DEDICATION
I dedicate this project work to God Almighty.
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ABSTRACT
This study examine the clinical use of oxytetracycline in animals. Oxytetracycline is a
tetracycline class of antibiotics, commonly used for the treatment of various infectious diseases
like anthrax, Chlamydia, cholera, typhus, relapsing fever, malaria, plaque, syphilis and
respiratory infection. This study was carried out at the state veterinary clinic Akure between the
period of three (3) years, and different cases has been observed within this period of years along
with the gender and ages of the cases of animals involved. In the first year 251 cases was
observed , second year with 190 cases and the third year with 195 cases. Cases of 112 male and
139 female treated with oxytetracycline was observed and age range from 0 to 12 was also
observed in the first year. In the second year, 85 cases of male, 105 cases of female and age
range between 0 to 17 were observed in these treatment of animals. In the third year, cases of
male recorded to be 94, 101 cases in female and age of the animals treated with oxytetracycline
range between 0 to 17. Therefore, it is concluded that oxytetracycline has been used at a very
high rate compared with the usage of other antibiotics.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
Project Title i
Certification ii
Acknowledgments iii
Dedication iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Objectives of the study 2
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Route of Administering Oxytetracycline 4
2.1 Structure of Oxytetracycline 5
2.2 Usage of Oxytetracycline in Some Animal Species 6
2.3 Contra-indications of Oxytetracycline 7
2.4 Classes of Oxytetracycline 8
2.5 Effects of Oxytetracycline 8
2.6 Mechanism of Action of Oxytetracycline 8
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology 10
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3.1 Study Area 10
3.2 Sampling Techniques and Procedure 10
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results 11
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation 17
5.1 Discussion 17
5.2 Conclusion 17
5.3 Recommendation 18
REFERENCES 19
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LIST OF TABLES
Tables Title Page
4.1 Oxytetracycline usage in various species of animals in a Veterinary
Clinic in Akure 15
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Title Page
Fig 1 Structure of oxytetracycline. 8
Fig 2 Oxytetracycline usage across three years in a Veterinary clinic in Akure. 13
Fig 3 Oxytetracycline usage in different genders of animals in a Veterinary
clinic in Akure
14
Fig 4 Oxytetracycline usage on different ages of animals in a Veterinary
clinic in Akure. 16
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