1
19-Dec-22
Iron carbon diagram
Liquid
1538
Fe (BCC)
1394
Fe (FCC)
Temp, oC Non-Magnetic
912
Fe (BCC)
770 Non-Magnetic
Fe (BCC)
Magnetic
Time
Fig: Cooling curve for Pure Iron
19-Dec-22 2
Iron carbon diagram
1600 +L
A
1538 B 1495oC
L
1394 N
1300 + +L
Fe3C + L
δ –delta iron 1200 1146oC E
C 2.11% 4.33% D
α - ferrite 1100
γ- austenite
Temperature, oC
1000
912 + Fe3C
800 J
+ 727oC
700 H 0.77% K
0.0218%
600
500 + Fe3C
400
300
1 2.11 3 4 5 6 6.67
Carbon % (by weight)
STEELS CAST IRONS
Hypo Eutectic Cast Hyper Eutectic Cast
Irons Irons
Hypo Eutectoid Hyper Eutectoid Steels
Steels
Iron carbon diagram
Austenite - The name given to the FCC crystal structure of iron.
Ferrite - The name given to the BCC crystal structure of iron that can
occur as α or δ.
Cementite - The hard, brittle ceramic-like compound Fe3C that, when
properly dispersed, provides the strengthening in steels.
Pearlite - A two-phase lamellar microconstituent, containing ferrite and
cementite, that forms in steels cooled in a normal fashion or
isothermally transformed at relatively high temperatures.
19-Dec-22 4
Iron carbon diagram
1600 +L
A
1538 B 1495oC
L
1394 N
1300 + +L
Fe3C + L
δ –delta iron 1200 1146oC E
C 2.11% 4.33% D
α - ferrite 1100
γ- austenite
Temperature, oC
1000
912 + Fe3C
800 J
+ 727oC
700 H 0.77% K
0.0218%
600
500 + Fe3C
400
300
1 2.11 3 4 5 6 6.67
Carbon % (by weight)
STEELS CAST IRONS
Hypo Eutectic Cast Hyper Eutectic Cast
Irons Irons
Hypo Eutectoid Hyper Eutectoid Steels
Steels
Iron carbon diagram
19-Dec-22 6
Iron carbon diagram
1600 +L
A
1538 B 1495oC
L
1394 N
1300 + +L
Fe3C + L
δ –delta iron 1200 1146oC E
C 2.11% 4.33% D
α - ferrite 1100
γ- austenite
Temperature, oC
1000
912 + Fe3C
800 J
+ 727oC
700 H 0.77% K
0.0218%
600
500 + Fe3C
400
300
1 2.11 3 4 5 6 6.67
Carbon % (by weight)
STEELS CAST IRONS
Hypo Eutectic Cast Hyper Eutectic Cast
Irons Irons
Hypo Eutectoid Hyper Eutectoid Steels
Steels
Iron carbon diagram
19-Dec-22 8
Iron carbon diagram
1600 +L
A
1538 B 1495oC
L
1394 N
1300 + +L
Fe3C + L
δ –delta iron 1200 1146oC E
C 2.11% 4.33% D
α - ferrite 1100
γ- austenite
Temperature, oC
1000
912 + Fe3C
800 J
+ 727oC
700 H 0.77% K
0.0218%
600
500 + Fe3C
400
300
1 2.11 3 4 5 6 6.67
Carbon % (by weight)
STEELS CAST IRONS
Hypo Eutectic Cast Hyper Eutectic Cast
Irons Irons
Hypo Eutectoid Hyper Eutectoid Steels
Steels
Iron carbon diagram
19-Dec-22 10
Iron carbon diagram
0.8 % C
19-Dec-22 11
Iron carbon diagram
0.8 % C
19-Dec-22 12
TTT diagram
TTT diagram - The time-temperature-transformation diagram describes
the time required at any temperature for a phase transformation to
begin and end.
19-Dec-22 13
TTT diagram
1. Specimen preparation
2. Austinizing: @ Temperature greater than 7270C
3. Sub-critical soaking/holding: Place the samples in a molten salt bath
which is held at a constant sub-critical temperature Tsub
4. Quenching: Each sample is quenched in cold water or iced brine at
varying time intervals in the salt bath
5. Hardness& Microstructure study : After cooling, each sample is
checked for hardness and studied microscopically.
6. Repetition of steps
19-Dec-22 14
TTT diagram
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TTT diagram
19-Dec-22 16
TTT diagram
In actual practice a steel is
generally cooled continuously.
Continuous-cooling-
transformation (C-C-T) diagrams
depict this situation.
The C-C-T curve (Solid) is shifted to
the right of the T-T-T (dashed)
curve as continuous cooling
transformation occurs at lower
temperature and longer time
compared isothermal holding.
Superimposition of isothermal and continuous
cooling transformation diagrams for a eutectoid
iron–carbon alloy.
19-Dec-22 17
