6. What is lateral inversion?

Ans: The left side of the object appearing as the

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL right side of the image and right side of the
MOSQUE ROAD, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04
object appearing as left side of the image in a
plane mirror is called lateral inversion.
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
7. Differentiate between virtual and erect
CHAPTER: LIGHT-REFLECTION AND image
REFRACTION Virtual image Real image

QUESTIONS TO RECALL It is erect It is upside down

1. What is light? It cannot be caught It can be caught on a
on a screen screen
Ans: Light is a form of energy which gives
the sensation of sight. It is formed by a plane It is formed by a covex
mirror , concave lens lens and concave
2. Which nature of light is depicted by
and convex mirror mirror
reflection and refraction property of
light?
THE ACTUAL SYLLABUS
Ans: Straight line propagation of light.
8. What are spherical mirrors?
3. Define reflection.
Ans: The mirror whose surfaces are curved
Ans: Bouncing back of light on hitting an
is called as the spherical [Link]:
obstacle is called reflection.
convex mirror, concave mirror and a spoon.
4. Write the laws of reflection.
9. (a) What are convex and concave
Ans: I law: The angle of incidence is equal to mirror?. Give example for each.
the angle of reflection. (b) Draw the representation of convex
and concave mirrors.
II law: The incident ray, the normal to the Ans: (a) The spherical mirror whose
mirror at the point of incidence and the reflecting surface is curved outwards is
reflected ray, all lie in the same plane. called convex [Link]: The
outward face of the spoon.
5. What are the properties of image
The spherical mirror whose reflecting
formed by a plane mirror?
surface is curved inwards is called concave
 The image is virtual and erect.
mirror. Example: The inward face of the
 The size of the image is equal to the
spoon.
size of the object.
 The image formed is as far behind
the mirror as the object is in front
of it.

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 1

 11. What is aperture?
Ans: The diameter of the spherical mirror is
called its aperture.
12. What is the position,size and natute of
the image formed by a convex mirror
when the object is (a) at infinity (b)
between infinity and pole of the mirror
Position of the Position of Size of the
object the image Image
a)At infinity At the focus, Highly
behind the mirror diminished ,
point sized
10. Define (a) Pole (b) optic centre b) Between Between P & F, Diminished
infinity & pole behind the mirror
(c) Radius of Curvature (d) Principle of the mirror
axis (e)principal focus (f) focal length. 13. Write the relation between radius of
Ans : (a) The centre of reflecting surface of a curvature and focual length
spherical mirror is called its pole(P). Ans: R= 2f
(b) The reflecting surface of a spherical
mirrors forms a part of a sphere. This
sphere has a centre called centre of
curvature (C). 14. . What is the position , size and nature
of the image formed by a concave
(c) The radius of the sphere of which the mirror when the object is
reflecting surface of a spherical of a (a) at infinity (b)beyond C
spherical mirror forms a part, is called the (c) at C (d) between C and F
radius of curvature(R). (e)at F (f) between P and F

Position Position of Size of the Nature of

(d) A straight line joining the centre of
of the the image Image the image
curvature and the pole of a spherical mirror
object
is called Principal axis. a)At At the Highly Real &
infinity focus F diminished, inverted
(e) The point on the axis of a mirror , where
the light rays appear to diverge after b)Beyond Between F Diminished Real &
refraction (in a convex mirror) is called as C &C inverted
the principal focus (F). OR The point on the c)At C At C Same size Real &
axis of a mirror , where the light rays appear inverted
to converge after reflection (in a concave d) Beyond C Enlarge Real &
mirror) is called principal focus (F). Between inverted
C&F
e) At F At infinity Highly Real &
(f) The distance between the pole and
enlarge inverted
principal focus is called as the focal length(f) f) Behind Real &
Between the mirror Enlarge inverted
P&F

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 2

15 Name a mirror that can give an erect and 18. What are the uses of convex mirros?
enlarged image of an object.(pg.78)
 Convex mirrors are used in
Ans: Concave mirror. vehicles as a rear view mirror
 They are used to make
When the object is placed between the pole magnifying glasses.
and the principal focus of a concave mirror , the
image formed is virtual, erect and enlarged. 19. Name the natural source of light .

16. Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a Ans: Sun

rear –view mirror in vehicles? (pg.78)
20. What is image distance and object
(or) distance?

Convex mirror is commonly used as a rear view Aans: The distance of the image from the pole
mirror in vehicles. Why? Write the relationship of the mirror is called image distance (v).
between focal length and radius of curvature
The distance of the object from the pole of the
of a convex mirror.
mirror is called object distance (u).
 A convex mirror gives a virtual, erect
and diminished images. [Link] the mirror formula.
 It has a wider field of view, this allows
Ans:
the driver to see most of the traffic
behind him.
22. What is magnification? Write its formula in
 f= or R = 2f. This is the relationship terms of (a) image height & object height
between focal length radius of (b) image distance & object distance
curvature of any spherical mirror.
Ans: The ability of the mirror to increase the
17. What are the uses of concave mirrors? image size more than the object size is called as
magnification(m).
 Concave mirrors are used in
torches. Formula: (a) m =
 They are used in search lights
 They are used in vehicles headlight .
(b)
 They are used as shaving
mirrors(because they help to form 23. What is the meaning of (a) negative sign (b)
larger image of face which is virtual positive sign in the value of magnification ?
& erect)
 Dentist use the concave mirrors Ans: (a) negative sign = image is real.
(because they help to form larger
(b) positive sign = image is virtual
image of teeth which is virtual &
erect) 24. Define refraction of [Link] example.
 Large concave mirrors are used to
focus sunlight to produce heat in Ans: Bending of light when it travels from one
solar furnances. medium to another medium is called refraction.

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 3

Examples: n= =

 Bottom of a tank containing water

appears to rise.
 Pencil partly kept in water glass appears 29. What is the physical meaning of refractive
to be bent. index of medium?
 Lemon kept in water glass appears to
be bigger than its actual size. Ans: The refractive index of medium tells about
speed of light in that medium.
25. What is the main cause for refraction?
Higher the refractive index , lower is the speed
Ans: Change in speed of light when it goes of light .
from one medium to another.
Lower the refractive index, higher is the speed
26. What is (a)a denser medium (b) a rarer of light.
medium.
30. The refractive index of water is 1.33 and
Ans: (a) The medium in which the light has the refractive index of crown glass is 1.52 in
minimum speed is called a denser medium. which of these two medium , the light has
maximum speed (or identify the optically
(b) The medium in which the light has
denser medium and rarer medium ).
maximum speed is called a rarer medium.
Ans: Comparing water and glass , Light has the
27. Write the laws of refraction.
maximum speed in water (or water is rarer
Ans: I law: The incident ray, the refracted medium and glass is denser medium).
ray and normal at the point of incidence all
31. What is the speed of light in vacuum or air?
lie in the same plane.
Ans: 3 x 108 m/s
II law(Snell’s law): The ratio of sine of angle
of incidence to the sine of angle of 32. Which side the ray of light bend when it
refraction is a constant for given pair of travels from (a) rarer medium to denser
media. medium (b) denser medium to rarer medium?

Ans: (a) Away from the normal

[Link] refractive index. or absolute (b) Towards the normal

refractive index
33. A ray of light travelling in air enters
Ans: The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend
the sine of angle of refraction is called refractive towards the normal or away from the normal ?
index. or ratio of speed of light in air to the Why?(pg 86)
speed of light in a medium is called refractive
index or absolute refractive index Ans: It bends away from the normal , because
water is denser medium and the speed of light
Formula: n= decreases.

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 4

34. Find out , from table 10.3, the medium Between 2F2 inverted
having highest optical density. Also find the F1& 2F1
medium with lowest optical density. (pg 86). e)At At infinityHighly Real &
focus F1 enlarged inverted
Ans: highest optical density= Diamond f) On the Enlarged Virtual &
Between same side erect
Lowest optical density= air F1& O of lens as
the object
35. You are given Kerosene, turpentine and
water. In which of these does the light travel
fastest? Use the information given in table
10.3(pg 86).
39. What is the position, size and nature of the
Ans: Among these three , light travels fastest in image formed by a concave lens when the
water. Because water has the least refractive object is a) at infinity b) Between infinity & O
index among these three.
Position Position Size of the Nature
36. The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. of the of the image of the
object image image
What is the meaning of this statement?
a)At At focus Highly Virtual &
Ans: It means that the ratio of speed of light in infinity F1 diminished, erect
point sized
vacuum to the speed of light in diamond is 2.42.
b) Between Diminished Virtual &
Between F1 & O erect
infinity &
37. Define a lens. Name its types. O

Ans: A lens is a piece of glass , with atleast one

curved face. There are two types of lenses:
Convex lens and concave lens.

38. What is the position,size& nature of the

image formed by a convex lens when object is
(a) at infinity (b) Beyond 2F1 (c) At
2F1 (d)Between F1 and 2F1 (e)At focus
(f)Between F1 and O

Position Position Size of the Nature

of the of the image of the
object image image
a)At At focus Highly Real &
infinity F2 diminished, inverted
point sized
b)Beyond Between Diminished Real &
2F1 F2& 2F2 inverted
c) At 2F1 At 2F2 Same size Real &
inverted
d) Beyond Enlarged Real &

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 5

 DIAGRAMS
40.(i) Draw the ray diagram for a convex lens when the object is

(a) at infinity (b) Beyond 2F1 (c) At 2F1 (d)Between F1 and 2F1

(e)At focus (f)Between F1 and O

41.(i) Draw the ray diagram for a convex mirror

when the object is
a) at infinity b) Between infinity & O
(a)
Ans: (b)

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 6

 44. Define power of a lens and write its
formula & S.I. unit.

Ans: The ability of lens to converge or diverge

the light rays is called power of a lens ORpower
of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length.

Formula : P=

S.I. unit: dioptre(D)

[Link] 1 dioptre of power of a lens.

42.(i) Draw a convex lens and a concave lens. Ans: 1 dioptre is the power of a lens whose
focal length is 1 metre.
Ans:
46. What is the nature of the power of a
(a) convex lens (b) concave lens

Ans: (a) convex lens’ power is positive.

(b) Concave lens’ power is negative

47. What type of lens has its power equal to

(a) + 2.0 D (b) -2.5 D
(ii)Draw a figure showing how refraction of
light takes place in a rectangular glass slab Ans: (a) convex lens (positive power)
Ans: (b) concave lens (negative power)

48. Name the type of mirror used in the

following situations.(Excr 8)

(a) Headlights of a car-------Concave mirror

(b) side/rear view mirror of a vehicle-----Convex

mirror

(c)Solar furnance-----Concave mirror

49. One-half of a convex lens is covered with a

black paper. Will this lens produce a complete
image of the object? Verify your answer
43. Write the lens formula. experimentally.(Excr 9)

Ans: = Case I:when upper half of the lens is covered

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 7

In this case , a ray of light coming from the [Link] are the differences between Convex
object will be refracted by the lower half of the lens and Concave lens
lens. These rays meet at the other side of the
lens to form the image of the given object, as Convex lens Concave lens
It is thick at the centre It is thin at the centre
shown in the figure.
It is thin at the ends It is thick at the ends
Always forms real and It always forms virtual
inverted image but and erect image
when the object is
between F1 & O it
forms virtual & erect
image
The image can be The image is always
diminished, small or diminished
Case II: When the lower half of the lens is enlarged
covered

In this case, a ray of light coming from the 52. What are the differences between
object will be refracted by the upper half of the reflection & refraction?
lens. These rays meet at the other side of the
lens to form the image of the given object, as Reflection Refraction
shown in the figure Light will bounce back Light will transmit to
to the same medium the other medium and
it will bend
Takes place in Takes place in glass
Spherical mirror ,plane slab, water etc
mirrors etc

MULTIPILE CHOICE QUESTIONS

DIFFERENCES
(From exrcs)
50. Write the differences between convex
mirror and concave mirror 53. Which one of the following materials
cannot be used to make a lens?
Convex mirror Concave mirror
Its reflecting surface is Its reflecting surface is a) Water b) Glass c) Plastic d) Clay
outward inward
Always forms virtual Always forms real and 54. The image formed by a concave mirror is
and erect image inverted image but observed to be virtual , erect and larger than
when the object is the object. Where should be the position of
between P & F, it the object?
forms virtual & erect
image a) Between the principal focus and the cenre of
It is used as a side It is used in torches, curvature
view mirror search lights, vehicles’
headlight, shaving b) At the cetre of curvature
mirror, dentist .

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 8

c) Beyond the centre of curvature 57. No matter how far you stand from a
mirror, your image appears erect. The mirror is
d) Between the pole of the mirror and its likely to be
principal focus
a) only plane b) only concave
55. Where should an object be placed in front
of a convex lens to get a real image of the size c) only convex d) either plane or convex
of the object?
58. Which of the following lenses would you
a) At the principal focus of the lens prefer to use while reading small letters found
in a dictionary?
b) At twice the focal length
a) A convex lens of focal length 50 cm
c) At infinity
b) A concave lens of focal length 50 cm
d) Between the optical centre of the lens and its
principal focus c) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm

56. A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens d) A concave lens of focal length 5 cm
have each a focal length 0f -15 cm . The mirror
59. Draw the ray diagram in case of a concave
and the lens are likely to be
mirror when the object is (a) at infinity (b)
a) both concave b) both convex beyond C (c) at C (d) between C and F (e) at F
(f) between f and o
c) the mirror is concave and the lens is convex

d) the mirror is convex and the lens is concave

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 9

60. Draw the ray diagram in case of concave lines when the object is kept at (a) infinity (b) between
infinity and optic Centre

*************************************************************************************

OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 63. Write the differences between real image
61. The correct statement among the and virtual image
following relate to the concave lens is Real images Virtual images
a. Converges the light rays We can catch them on We cannot catch them
b. forms inverted image screen on screen
c. forms real image They are inverted They are virtual
They are formed by They are formed by
d. diverges the light rays
concave mirror, convex mirror,
convex lens concave lens, plane
62. Ray of light travelling in air enters mirror
obliquely into water. Does the light ray
bend towards the normal or away from
the normal? Why?
Ans: 64. The power of a lens with one metre focal
 The ray of light will bend length is
towards the normal
 Because air is rarer medium, a one diopter [Link] volt
water is denser medium.
c. one centimeter d. one watt
 When the light travels from
rarer medium to denser 65. A light ray enters to rarer medium from a
medium it will bend towards denser medium. Then the speed of that light ray
the normal and its speed will
decrease. a. decreases and bends towards the normal

b. increases and bends away from the normal

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 10

c. decreases and bends away from the normal It is a convex lens (focusing lens or converging
lens)
d. increases and bends towards the normal
72. The radius of curvature of spherical lens is
66. A light ray enters to denser medium from a 40 cm. What is its focal length?
rarer medium. Then the speed of that light ray
Ans: R = 2f
a. decreases and bends towards the normal
40 = 2 x f
b. increases and bends away from the normal
f= = 20 m
c. decreases and bends away from the normal

d. increases and bends towards the normal 73. Mention the nature of the image formed
when the magnification of the image formed by
67. The part of the eye that control the amount a spherical mirror has negative value.
of light entering the eye is
 If the magnification is negative then the
a. Retina b. Optic nerve c. Iris d. Pupil image is real and inverted
 If the magnification is positive then the
68. A type of spherical mirror always shows
image is virtual and erect.
enlarged and erect image of an object is
************************************
a. concave b. convex

c. glass slab d. prism

[Link] the mirror that can give an erect and

enlarge image of an object.

Ans: Convex mirror

[Link] magnification caused by a plane mirror

is +1 . What does this mean?

Ans: It means that the

 Image size is equal to object size

 image is formed behind the mirror

71.A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of

power +1.5 D. Find the the focal length of lens ,
is the indicated lens a focusing lens or a
diverging lens?

Ans f =

f= = = + 0.66 m

CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL, BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE-04. PREPARED BY: KHASIM H Page 11