oxfone 2 iN % CIN is nig SS a?) / rueuc Delhi Public School Indore Session 2021-22 Subject: CHEMISTRY(043) Class- 12% Investigatory project on: To prepare thread of rayon from filter paper Name — Arnav Adhikari Board roll no.- 19632587 SUBMITTED TO: MS. SONU CHOYAL 1|PageCertificate Acknowledgement Introduction Aim Materials required Reactions Procedure Precaution Result Conclusion BibliographyCERTIFICATE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY This is to certify that Arnav Adhikari roll no.19632587Studying in 12" in the session 2021-220f Delhi public school, Indore has completed the investigatory project on the topic Preparation of rayon thread from filter paper based on the curriculum issued by C.B.S.E and has given satisfactory account of it in this project. TEACHER IN CHARGE EXAMINER PRINCIPALACKNOWLEDGEMENT | have taken the efforts in this project. This would not have been possible without the support of many individuals. | would like to thank all of them. lam highly indebted to the teacher in charge, Ms. Sonu choyal for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project and for their support. | would also like to express my gratitude to my parents and friends who have willingly helped me out in this project.Introduction: ¢ Natural fibres such as cellulose are the chief raw materials for the preparation of rayon. The term rayon includes all synthetic fibres obtained from cellulose and are used commercially in fibre manufacturing . Cellulose is the fibrous material that every plant from seaweed to the sequoia makes by baking glucose molecules in long chains; the chains are bound together in the fibers that give plants their shape and strength. Wood has now become the main source of cellulose. Since it contains only 40% to 50% cellulose, the substance must be extracted by 'pulping'. The logs are flaked, and then simmered in chemicals that dissolve the tarry lignin, resins and minerals. The remaining pulp, about 93% cellulose, is dried and rolled into sheets-raw material for paper, rayon and other products.© Cellulose is an insoluble material which was first converted into soluble derivative called viscose .The viscose is then forced through fine orifices into some reagent (usually dilute sulphuric acid) and the resulting thread is kept under tension to form fibre of the required tensile strength. Rayon also called artificial silk is used for manufacturing of fabrics like stockings, shirts, sarees, etc. e The term rayon includes all synthetic fibres obtained from cellulose and are used commercially in fibre manufacturing .e cellulose can be obtained in 2 ways : [Link] Process: Cellulose is soaked in 30% caustic soda solution for about 3 hrs. The alkali solution is removed and the product is treated with CSi. This gives cellulose xanthate, which is dissolved in NaOH solution to give viscous solution. This is filtered and forced through spinneret into a dilute H2SO4 solution, both of which harden the gum-like thread into rayon fibers. The process of making viscose was discovered by [Link] and [Link] in 1891. Fig: Schematic of rayon ‘fiber production [Link] Rayon: Cuprammonium rayon is obtained by dissalving pieces of filter paper in a deep blue solution containing tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide. The latter is obtained from a solution of copper sulphate. To it, {Na}OH solution is added to precipitate cupric hydroxide, which is then dissolved in excess of NH/.Aim of the project : e This project is aimed at preparation of rayon thread from filter paper employing cuprammonium process . Materials required: e Beaker © Conical flask ¢ Filteration flask e Vaccum pump bent tube Glass rod e 50% ammonia solution © Dil. Sulpuric Acid e Filter paper or waste paper Reactions: © CUSO«+ 2NH4OH — Cu(OH)2+ (NH4)2S04 © Cu(OH)2+4NHsaOH— [Cu(NHs)4](OH)2+ 4H20 @ [Cu(NHs) 4](OH) 2 + pieces of filter paper left for 10-15 days give a viscous solution called VISCOSE.Procedure: A. Preparation of Schweitzer's Solution: a) Weigh 20g of CuSO..5H20. b) Transfer this to a beaker having 100ml distilled water and add 15ml of dilute H2SO4 to prevent hydrolysis of CuSOs. c) Stir it with a glass rod till a clear solution is obtained. Add 11ml of liquor ammonia drop by drop with slow stirring. The precipitate of cupric hydroxide is separated out.d) Filter the solution containing cupric hydroxide through a funnel with filter paper. e) Wash the precipitate of cupric hydroxide with water until the filtrate fails to give a positive test for sulphate ions with barium chloride solution. 10 | Pagef) Transfer the precipitate to a beaker that contains 50m of liquor ammonia or wash it down the funnel. The precipitate when dissolved in liquor ammonia gives a deep blue solution of tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide. This is known as SCHWEITZER'S SOLUTION. 11 |PageB. Preparation of Cellulose material a) After weighing 2g of filter paper divide it into very fine pieces and then transfer these pieces to the tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide solution in the beaker. hs b) Seal the flask and keep for 10 to 15 days, during this period the filter paper is dissolved completely.C. Formation of Ravon Thread: a) Take 50ml of distilled water in a glass container. To this add 20ml of conc H2SOa drop by drop. Cool the solution under tap water. In a big glass container pour some of the solution. b) _ Fill the syringe with cellulose solution prepared before. c) Place the big glass container containing H2SOs solution produced before in ice (the reaction being spontaneous results in excess release of energy in the form of heat which makes the fibers weak and breaks them). d) Immerse the tip of the syringe in the solution and press gently. Notice the fibers getting formed in the acid bath. Continue to move your hand and keep pressing the syringe to extrude more fibers into the bath. 13 | Pagee) Leave the fibers in solution till they decolorize and become strong enough. f) Filter and wash with distilled water. Precautions: a) Addition of excess NH« should be avoided. b) Before taking the viscose in the syringe make sure that it does not contain any particles of paper, otherwise, it would clog the needle of the syringe. c) Addition of NH should be done ina fume cupboard and with extreme care. The fumes if inhaled may cause giddiness.d) Usea thick needle otherwise the fibers won't come out. Result: A rayon thread was made of the a filter paper ina laboratory.Bibliography: 1. Comprehensive practical chemistry class-XIl 2. Book by [Link] , Avinash Ojha. 3. Lakshmi publications pvt limited, 2008. 4. Sources: [Link] , [Link],etc. 16 | Page