Oracle RAC Overview

Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

• Explain the principles and purposes of clusters
• Describe the Oracle Clusterware architecture

1-2 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 What Is a Cluster?

• A group of independent, but interconnected, computers

that act as a single system
• Usually deployed to
increase availability and Network
performance or Interconnect
Users
to balance a dynamically
changing workload

Storage Network

1-3 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 What Is Clusterware?

• Clusterware is software that provides various interfaces

and services for a cluster.
• Typically, this includes capabilities that:
– Allow the cluster to be managed as a whole
– Protect the integrity of the cluster
– Maintain a registry of resources across the cluster
– Deal with changes to the cluster
– Provide a common view of resources

1-4 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 Oracle Clusterware
Oracle Clusterware is:
• A key part of Oracle Grid Infrastructure
• Integrated with Oracle
Automatic Storage
Management (ASM)
• The basis for Oracle Cloud
File System
• A foundation for Oracle
Real Application Clusters
(RAC)
• A generalized cluster
infrastructure for all kinds
of applications

1-5 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 Clusterware Architecture and Cluster Services

• Shared disk cluster architecture supporting application

load balancing and failover
• Services include:
– Cluster management
– Node monitoring
– Event services
– Time synchronization
– Network management
– High availability
– Cluster Interconnect Link
Aggregation (HAIP)

1-6 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 Goals for Oracle Clusterware

• Easy installation
• Easy management
• Continuing tight integration with Oracle RAC
• ASM enhancements with
benefits for all applications
• No additional clusterware
required

1-7 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 Oracle Clusterware Networking
• Each node must have at least two network adapters.
• Each public network adapter must support TCP/IP.
• The interconnect adapter must support:
– User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Reliable Data Socket (RDS)
for UNIX and Linux for database communication
– TCP for Windows platforms for database communication
• All platforms use Grid Interprocess Communication (GIPc).
Public network

Interconnect: Private network

1-8 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 Client Database Connections
GNS
DNS

Database
client
SCAN Listener1
listener

Listener2
SCAN
listener

Redirected client
connection SCAN Listener3
listener

1-9 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 Oracle Flex Clusters
Leaf Nodes (APP Tier)

Hub Nodes (DB Tier)

Shared
storage

1 - 10 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Flex Cluster Scalability

The Flex Cluster hub-and-spoke topology segments the cluster

into more manageable groups of nodes.
• Only the Hub Nodes require direct access to
the OCR and voting disks.
• Fewer interactions are required between nodes.

Flex Cluster
Topology

Fully Interconnected
Cluster Topology

1 - 11 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle Sharded RAC

1 - 12 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle RAC vs Oracle Sharding

1 - 13 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 What Is Oracle ASM?

Application Application

File system
ASM
Logical Volume Manager

Operating system Operating system

Hardware Hardware

1 - 14 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 ASM CloudFS and ACFS
Oracle CloudFS is designed to help organizations deploy their
applications, databases, and storage in private clouds.

• ASM manages Oracle

database files.
Oracle RAC Application Application
• ACFS manages other
files.
• Spreads data across 3rd Party
Oracle ACFS
disks to balance load ASM Files FS

• Provides integrated for Oracle

Database ASM/ADVM
mirroring across disks
Operating System

Oracle ASM

1 - 15 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 ASM Features and Benefits

• Stripes files rather than logical volumes

• Provides redundancy on a file basis
• Enables online disk reconfiguration and dynamic
rebalancing
• Reduces the time significantly to resynchronize a transient
failure by tracking changes while the disk is offline
• Provides adjustable rebalancing speed
• Is cluster-aware
• Supports reading from mirrored copy instead of primary
copy for extended clusters
• Is automatically installed as part of the Grid Infrastructure

1 - 16 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Quiz

Each cluster node’s public Ethernet adapter must support UDP

or RDS.
a. True
b. False

1 - 17 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned to:

• Explain the principles and purposes of clusters
• Describe the Oracle Clusterware architecture

1 - 18 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.