CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

(Creswell, 2014) explains “Research design are the specific procedure

involved in the research process: data collection, data analysis, and report

writing”. The research design in this research uses analysis research design.

According to (Creswell, 2014) :

Qualitative research is an inquiry process of understanding based on

distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore a social or human
problem. The researcher builds a complex, holistic picture, analyzes
words, report detailed views of information, and conducts the study in a
natural setting.

The process can be a form, characteristics, relationships, similarities,

activities, change, and differences between one phenomenon and another

phenomenon. Descriptive research is research where researcher try to

describe and interpret things, such as the condition of a thing or relationship,

opinions that develop, an effect that occurs, and trends that are ongoing in

the community.

(Creswell, 2014) adds in his book as follow:

Writing a methods section for a proposal for qualitative research partly

requires educating readers as to the intent of qualitative research,
mentioning specific designs, carefully reflecting on the role the researcher
plays in the study, drawing from an ever-expanding list of types of data
sources, using specific protocols for recording data, analyzing the
information through multiple steps of analysis, and mentioning
approaches for documenting the accuracy or validity of the data collected.

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 Analysis Research Design

Data Collecting Coding Analysis Report

Students’ Work Classifying

Type ( T )
(poetry), Type and Conclusion
Meaning ( M )
(assignment) Meaning

Based on the analysis research design above, the researcher chose a

descriptive qualitative design because the researcher describes the details

and interpret the data or symptoms obtained during the research. The type of

research is also selected because in accordance with the research

objectives, which according to the researcher is more precisely done with the

type of descriptive research.

B. Research Instrument

(Creswell, 2014) stated in his book as follow:

Qualitative researchers collect data themselves through examining

documents, observing behavior, or interviewing participants. They may
use a protocol an instrument for collecting data but the researchers are
the ones who actually gather the information. They do not tend to use or
rely on questionnaires or instruments developed by other researchers.

In this research, researcher used two instruments, the researcher as the

main instrument of this research, and used the assignment sheet as the

secondary instrument.
C. Data Source

1. Setting of Research

In this research, the researcher took the place in English Department at

Muhammadiyah University of Metro.

2. Subject of Research

In this research, the subject was the Sixth Semester English Student at

Muhammadiyah University of Metro. There were 15 sixth semester English

students at the Muhammadiyah University of Metro who were the subjects for

this research.

3. Object of Research

The object in this research was figurative language, because the researcher

is interested in analyzing the results of figurative language in poetry that

students write.

D. Data Collecting Technique

According to (Creswell, 2014) :

The data collection steps include setting the boundaries for the study,
collecting information through unstructured or semi structured
observations and interviews, documents, and visual materials, as well as
establishing the protocol for recording information.

To collect the data needed, researcher used the assignment sheet that

used by researcher when conducting research. And for the full explanation,

researcher draw below:

1. Assignment

The assignment sheet is a structured form, whether written or printed, which

consists of a series of instructions for making a poetry, which is designed to

gather information related to this research. In other words, a data collection

technique where students are asked to write poetry of their own work. In this
 study researcher used the Google Classroom application for students to

collect the results of writing their poetry.

2. Documentation

Documentation is a data collecting technique which gets the information from

various sources or document of something. (Sugiyono, 2015) says,

“Document is a note of the past. Document can be in form of letter, picture,

text, script, or masterpiece”.

In this research, researcher collects the students’ work in the form of poetry

typed on paper and then uploaded to the Google Classroom application. The

researcher also use Google as a medium to check plagiarism in poetry

written by students. The researcher found 1 poetry with the title '' natural

beauty '' written by a student named Diki Agustian having the same lyrics with

a poetry entitled ‘’Keindahan Alam” written by Cahyaning P.

E. Data Analysis Technique

Data analysis is a process of systematically searching and arrange in

monolog. Field notes and other materials that have been there for her to add

understanding to introduction of such materials to enable preparation of

reports in analyzing the data, the activities include work on data, arranged

into manageable units, finding what will be learned and deciding what will be

in the report. According to (Creswell, 2014) there are 6 steps of Data Analysis

Technique for qualitative Research :

1. Organizing and Preparing The Data for Analysis.

This steps involves transcribing interviews, optically scanning material,

typing up field notes, cataloguing all of the visual material, and sorting and

arranging the data into different types depending on the sources of

 information. The researcher firstly will types all the field note including

observation note and interview note. The conversation among the student

that has recorded will also type to make a conversation transcription based

on the data record.

2. Reading or Looking at All The Data.

This step provides a general sense of the information and an opportunity to

reflect on its overall meaning. The whole of data transcriptions including

students transcription, interview transcription and all the fieldnotes will be

read and comprehended by the researcher.

3. Starting Coding All of The Data.

Coding is the process of organizing the data by bracketing chunks (or text

or image segments) and writing a word representing a category in the

margins.

4. Using The Coding Process to Generate a Description of The Setting or

People as Well as Categories or Themes for Analysis.

Description involves a detailed rendering of information about people,

places, or events in a setting. After coding the data, the researcher aims to

categorize the classification of the data.

5. Advancing How The Description and Themes Will Be Represented in The

Qualitative Narrative.

The result of the previous step will be arranged as detail and well-

structured based on the qualitative design.

6. Making an Interpretation in Qualitative Research of The Findings or

Results.
These lessons could be the researcher’s personal interpretation, couched

in the understanding that the inquirer brings to the study from a personal

culture, history, and experiences.

From the 6 steps of data analysis technique in qualitative research by `

(Creswell, 2014), researcher adopted it into 5 steps as the following,

1. Organizing and Preparing the Data for Analysis.

2. Reading or Looking at All the Data.

3. Starting Coding All of the Data.

4. Using The Coding Process to Generate A Description of the

Setting or People as Well as Categories or Themes for

Analysis.

5. Making an Interpretation in Qualitative Research of the Findings or

Results.

The researcher makes a diagram of the data analysis technique that the

researcher adopts from the expert, as follows: