CMUN’23

CMUN’23| SECURITY COMMITTEES | STUDY GUIDE

President Chair: Zühre Mert

Dear Delegates,
As is known is one of the most important historical events, has deep effects on
history The Cold War's one of the symbols is Fall of Berlin Wall. Fall of Berlin
Wall represents end of the Cold War and in the meanwhile it symbolizes
downfall of the comunism in East Europe as well. In our committee we are
going to discourse Fall of Berlin Wall,Berlin Wall's history and the global
effects of Fall of Berlin Wall.
As your Chair and co-Chair we expect you to have a command of the topic ,to
express yourselves in rules of respect, be disciplined and persevering. Also be
ready to fun and be open to learn.
Sincerely,
Zühre Mert, Miray Bel
 INTRODUCTION
The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, was an extraordinary and momentous event
that transformed the course of history. The wall itself, a formidable barrier that had divided
Berlin for 28 years, stood as a symbol of the ideological and physical separation between East
and West. The wall was a complex structure, spanning 155 kilometers (96 miles) and
comprised of multiple layers, including barbed wire, guard towers, trenches, and a concrete
wall up to 3.6 meters (12 feet) high. Its purpose was to prevent East Berliners from fleeing to
the West in search of political freedom and better opportunities.
The winds of change began to blow in 1989 as a wave of political and social reforms swept
across Eastern Europe. The call for democracy and freedom grew louder, and the oppressive
grip of the ruling Socialist Unity Party began to weaken. The East German regime, faced with
mounting pressure from its own citizens and the international community, found itself at a
crossroads.
On the evening of November 9, a press conference was held by the East German government's
spokesman, Günter Schabowski. In an unintentional slip of the tongue, Schabowski mentioned
that the restrictions on travel to the West would be lifted, effective immediately. The news
spread rapidly, catching East Berliners by surprise. Thousands of people rushed to the
checkpoints along the wall, driven by a mix of curiosity, hope, and uncertainty.
As the crowd swelled, the overwhelmed border guards found themselves facing an
unprecedented situation. The pressure from the masses, fueled by the desire for freedom, grew
stronger. Sensing the shift in power dynamics, the guards, hesitant and unsure, eventually
opened the gates, allowing people to pass freely between East and West.
The scenes that unfolded were filled with raw emotion and disbelief. East Berliners, many of
whom had never known a world without the wall, crossed over into West Berlin, embracing
loved ones and strangers with tears of joy streaming down their faces. Celebrations erupted on
both sides of the wall, with people climbing on top of it, dancing, singing, and chiseling away
at its concrete structure. Piece by piece, the physical embodiment of division and oppression
crumbled under the collective will of the people.
The fall of the Berlin Wall marked a turning point in history. It signaled the beginning of the
end for the Iron Curtain and the eventual reunification of Germany. It symbolized the triumph
of democracy, freedom, and the power of peaceful resistance against authoritarian regimes.
The dismantling of the wall became a poignant and powerful image that resonated globally,
inspiring hope and demonstrating the human capacity to break down barriers and overcome
seemingly insurmountable obstacles. The fall of the Berlin Wall serves as a timeless reminder
of the relentless pursuit of liberty and the enduring spirit of unity that can bridge even the
deepest divides

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The history of West and East Germany is a complex narrative that reflects the aftermath of
World War II and the subsequent geopolitical dynamics of the Cold War era. In 1945, Germany
lay in ruins, and the victorious Allied powers—United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain, and
France—divided the country into four occupation zones. The western zones—American,
British, and French—embraced democratic principles and market economies, while the Soviet
zone in the east adopted a socialist system.
In 1949, West Germany emerged as the Federal Republic of Germany, with its capital in Bonn.
It established a parliamentary democracy, with a chancellor as the head of government. Led by
Konrad Adenauer, West Germany aligned itself with the Western bloc, becoming a member of
NATO and benefiting from the economic aid of the Marshall Plan. The "Wirtschaftswunder,"
or economic miracle, transformed West Germany into an industrial powerhouse, characterized
by rapid reconstruction, technological advancements, and a high standard of living.
Meanwhile, East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic, was under
Soviet control. It established a socialist state, tightly controlled by the ruling Socialist Unity
Party and guided by the ideology of Marxism-Leninism. The government, headed by Walter
Ulbricht, centralized economic planning, nationalized industries, and suppressed political
dissent. The Stasi, the secret police, maintained a pervasive surveillance apparatus to enforce
loyalty to the regime.
The division between East and West Germany deepened with the construction of the Berlin
Wall in 1961. Intended to halt the mass exodus of East Germans to the West, the wall became
a potent symbol of the Cold War. Families and communities were torn apart, and attempts to
escape across the wall often resulted in tragedy.
However, winds of change began to sweep across Eastern Europe in the late 1980s. The
reformist policies of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and mounting pressure for political
freedoms sparked a wave of protests and demands for change. In East Germany, peaceful
demonstrations escalated, culminating in the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989.
Joyful crowds surged through the border checkpoints, dismantling parts of the wall as a symbol
of liberation and unity.
The events of 1989 set in motion the path to reunification. Negotiations between East and West
German leaders, known as the "Two Plus Four" talks involving the two Germanys and the four
Allied powers, led to the signing of the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
in 1990. On October 3, 1990, East and West Germany formally reunified, with Berlin as the
capital. The reunification process proved challenging, as the two regions faced economic
disparities and the need for reconciliation.
The history of West and East Germany reflects the ideological and political struggles of the
Cold War era. From a divided country devastated by war, West Germany flourished into a
prosperous democratic state, while East Germany grappled with authoritarian rule and
economic stagnation. The fall of the Berlin Wall and subsequent reunification brought hope for
a new era, one that aimed to overcome the legacy of division and build a united, democratic,
and prosperous Germany.
 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. What is the consequences of “The Fall of Berlin Wall” for your country?
2. Fall of Berlin Wall represents us downfall of the comunism in the East Europe, also the
main reason of the Berlin Wall's construction is immigration problem which comunism
based government caused. What is your point of view for comunism?
3. Do you think that dividing the country in two is a violation of human rights?
4. Do you think that people of the same nation are polarized under the name of peace?
5. Why hasn't there been a compromise proposal by the West German government in the
28 years since The Wall's construction and demolition?
6. Wherefore hasn't find a solution for the worker's problems in the East Europe yet and
how can this issue can be fixed?
7. If you have a chance to change your politicy about East and West Germany, would you;
If your answer is yes what would be your main tendency?
8. Why didn't government solve the economic and social problems to obviate the
immigration problem instead of demolish the wall?