PROTON AND NUCLEON NUMBER

1 _WORKSHEET

1 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the silicon atom and
sodium ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

30
14Si 14

23 +
11Na 12

[3]

[Total: 3]

2 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the bromine atom
and fluoride ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

81
35Br 35

19 –
9F 10

[3]

[Total: 3]

3 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the vanadium atom
and calcium ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

51
23V 23

48 2+
20Ca 28

[3]

[Total: 3]
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4 Complete the table to:

• deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in the magnesium atom and copper
ion shown
• identify the atom or ion represented by the final row.

number of number of number of

protons electrons neutrons

25
12Mg 12

65 2+
29Cu 36

17 18 20

[5]

[Total: 5]

5 An isotope of magnesium is shown.

Deduce the number of protons and neutrons in this isotope.

number of protons ..................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]

6 An isotope of sulfur is shown.

Deduce the number of protons and neutrons in this isotope.

number of protons ..................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]
 3

7 Complete the table to show the relative charge and approximate relative mass of a proton, a neutron
and an electron.

type of approximate
relative charge
particle relate mass

proton 1

neutron

electron −1

[3]

[Total: 3]

8 Deduce the number of electrons and neutrons in an atom of the isotope of iron shown.

58
26Fe

number of electrons ................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]

9 Deduce the number of electrons and neutrons in an atom of the isotope of potassium shown.

number of electrons ................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]

10 The question is about elements X, Y and Z.

(a) An atom of element X is represented as X.

Name the different types of particles found in the nucleus of this atom of X.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) What is the term for the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 4

(c) What is the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom of X?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) What is the electronic structure of the ion X ?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) Suggest the formula of the compound formed between aluminium and X.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

11 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in each atom and ion.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

−
l

[3]

[Total: 3]

12 An isotope of iron is shown.

Deduce the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in an atom of this isotope of iron.

number of electrons ..................................................................................................................

number of protons ....................................................................................................................

number of neutrons .................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

13 An isotope of sodium is written as shown.

23
11Na
 5

(a) Deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in this isotope of sodium.

number of protons ...........................................................................................................

number of electrons ........................................................................................................

number of neutrons ......................................................................................................... [3]

(b) State one medical use of radioactive isotopes.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

14 The question is about sulfur and compounds of sulfur.

An isotope of sulfur is written as shown.

33
16S

(a) Deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in this isotope of sulfur.

number of protons ............................................................................................................

number of electrons ..........................................................................................................

number of neutrons .......................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

15 An isotope of calcium is written as shown.

Deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in this isotope of calcium.

number of protons ..................................................................................................................

number of electrons ................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [3]

[Total: 3]
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16 Atoms are made of smaller particles called electrons, neutrons and protons.

Complete the table.

particle relative charge relative mass

electron

neutron

proton +1

[2]

[Total: 2]

17 A sulfide ion has the symbol shown.

34
16 S2–
(a) How many neutrons are contained in this sulfide ion?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
2–
(b) How is a sulfide ion, S , formed from a sulfur atom?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
2–
(c) Which element forms an ion with a 2+ charge that has the same number of electrons as a S
ion?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

18 The Periodic Table is very useful to chemists.

Refer only to elements with atomic numbers 1 to 36 in the Periodic Table provided when answering
this question.

Use information from the Periodic Table provided to identify one element which:

(a) has atoms with exactly 9 protons ....................................................... [1]

(b) has atoms with 0 neutrons ....................................................... [1]

 7

(c) has atoms with exactly 23 electrons ....................................................... [1]

(d) has atoms with an electronic structure of 2,8,6 ....................................................... [1]

(e) forms ions with a charge of 3− containing 18 electrons .............................................. [1]

(f) forms ions with a charge of 2+ containing 10 electrons .............................................. [1]

(g) has a relative atomic mass that shows it has at least two isotopes. ........................... [1]

[Total: 7]

19 The table gives information about atoms and ions A, B and C.

Complete the table.

number of number of number of

symbol
electrons neutrons protons

27
A 14 13 13Al

25 2+
B 12 12Mg

C 10 10 9

[6]

[Total: 6]

20 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the sulfur atom and
zinc ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

36
16S

67 2+
30Zn 30

[4]

[Total: 4]
 8

21 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the sulfur atom and
copper ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

34
16S

63 2+
29Cu 29

[4]

[Total: 4]

22 Define the term proton number.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

23 Complete the table to identify the atoms and ions which have the following numbers of protons,
neutrons and electrons.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

23 +
11Na 11 12 10

4 5 4

17 20 18

[4]

[Total: 4]
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24 How many electrons, neutrons and protons are there in the ion shown?

44 2+
20Ca

number of electrons .......................................................

number of neutrons .......................................................

number of protons ....................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

25 Atoms contain particles called electrons, neutrons and protons.

Complete the table.

where the particle

particle relative mass relative charge
is found in an atom

1
orbiting the nucleus 1840

+1

in the nucleus

[3]

[Total: 3]

26 This question is about the structures of atoms and ions.

(a) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in atoms
24 26
of 12Mg and 12Mg .

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

24
12Mg

26
12Mg

[2]
 10

(b) 24 26
What term is used to describe atoms of the same element, such as 12Mg and 12Mg ?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) 24 26
Explain why the chemical properties of 12Mg and 12Mg are the same.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

27 12 13 14
6C , 6C and 6C are isotopes of carbon.

Complete the table.

number of number of
protons neutrons

12
6C

13
6C

14
6C

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

28 The table gives information about some atoms or ions, A, B and C.

Complete the table

number of number of electronic

charge
protons electrons structure

A 11 10 2,8

B 18 0

C 10 2,8 −1

[4]

[Total: 4]
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29 Carbon is an element.

Define the term element.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

30 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the nitrogen atom
and chromium ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

15
7N 7

52 2+
24Cr 28

[3]

[Total: 3]

31 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the carbon atom and
potassium ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

14
6C 6

40 +
19K 21

[3]

[Total: 3]
 12

32 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the neon atom and
copper ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

22
10Ne 10

65 +
29Cu 36

[3]

[Total: 3]

33 An atom of an isotope of fluorine is represented by the symbol shown.

19
9F

Describe the structure of an atom of this isotope of fluorine.

In your answer, include:

● the position of the protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom

● the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in the atom.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [5]

[Total: 5]

34 What is meant by the term nucleon number?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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35 Substances can be classified as elements, compounds or mixtures.

What is meant by the term compound?

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
286 289
36 Two isotopes of flerovium, atomic number 114, are Fl and Fl. The nuclei of both of these
isotopes are unstable and emit energy when they split up.

(a) State the term used to describe isotopes with unstable nuclei.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atoms of the
isotopes shown.

isotope number of protons number of neutrons number of electrons

286
Fl

289
Fl

[2]

[Total: 3]

37 Complete the following table.

number of number of number of number of

particle
protons electrons neutrons nucleons

23
11Na 11 11 23
..............

37 –
17Cl 20
.............. .............. ..............

56
26 ........... 26 24 30 56

[6]

[Total: 6]
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38 3+
Complete the table to show the number of nucleons, neutrons and electrons in an l ion.

3+
number in l

nucleons

neutrons

electrons

[3]

[Total: 3]

39 The table gives information about five particles. The particles are all atoms or ions.

number of number of number of

particle
protons neutrons electrons

A 6 8 6

B 12 12 12

C 13 14 10

D 8 8 10

E 11 12 11

Answer the following questions using the information in the table.

Each particle may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(a) Which particle, A, B, C, D or E,

(i) is an atom with atomic number 12,

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) is an atom with nucleon number 14,

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) is an ion with a positive charge,

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) has only one electron in its outer shell?

................................................................................................................................ [1]
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(b) D is an ion of an element.

Identify the element and write the formula of D.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

40 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the chlorine atom
and bromide ion shown.

number of electrons number of neutrons number of protons

35
17Cl 17

79 –
35Br 44

[3]

[Total: 3]
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