Chapter: 1
Basic Definitions
Digestion:
Digestion is the process by which
large molecules of food are broken
down to small molecules.
Digestive System:
A specialised system of organs
which help to digest and absorb
the food molecules is known as
digestive system.
Enzymes:
Enzymes are biological catalysts
which speed up a chemical
reaction inside the body.
Food Poisoning:
Any illness caused by eating
contaminated food is known as
food poisoning.
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Questions And Answers
Q1. Name the 7 groups of food
that are needed for a healthy and
balanced diet.
Ans: The seven groups of food
that are needed for a healthy and
balanced diet are
1- carbohydrates
2- proteins
3- fats
4- fibre
5- minerals
6- vitamins
7- water
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Q2. What is meant by digestion
and where does it occur?
Ans: The process by which large
molecules of food are broken
down to small
molecules is called digestion.
* The process of digestion take
place inside the digestive system.
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Q4. Why do we need to digest or
food? what are the two ways in
which food is broken down during
digestion?
Ans: We need to digest our food
so it can enter into the blood
stream easily.
* Food is broken down physically
by chewing it and chemically by
the action of gastric juices, HCL
and enzymes.
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Q5. What two jobs are done by the
saliva?
Ans:
Two Jobs of Saliva:
1- Saliva moisten the food so food
is easily digested.
2- Saliva contain amylase enzyme
which help to breakdown the
starch.
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Q6. Glucose molecules do not
have to be digested starch
molecules do explain this
difference.
Ans: Glucose molecules are small
and soluble so they do not have to
be digested while starch
molecules are large and insoluble
so they have to be digested.
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Q7. Name the three nutrients
which are broken down during
digestion and say what they are
broken down into.
Ans:
During digestion:
1- Starch is broken down into
glucose and maltose.
2- Proteins are broken down into
amino acids.
3- Fats are broken down into fatty
acids.
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Q8. Give three reasons why the
villi in the small intestine are
perfect for absorbing food.
Ans:
Three Reasons:
1- Villi provide a large surface
area in small intestine for
absorbing food.
2- They have a dense network of
blood capillaries.
3- They have a thin layer of cells
on the outside for easy diffusion of
food.
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Q9. What is the name of the organ
that produces bile to break down
fats?
Ans: Liver is the organ that
produces bile to break down fats.
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Q10. What part do muscles play in
digestion?
Ans: Muscles help to push the
food through the digestive system
by the process of peristalsis.
*****
Q11. Our bodies cannot digest
fibre (cellulose). Why is it still
important in our diet?
Ans: Our bodies can not digest
fibre but it is still important in our
diet because
* Fibres help to pass the food
through the digestive system
easily and reduce the chances of
constipation.
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Q12. You ate a chicken sandwich
for lunch. The bread contains
mainly starch, while the butter is
mostly fat. The chicken is mainly
protein. Describe how this chicken
sandwich is being digested so that
the nutrients in it can be useful to
your body.
Ans: After eating the chicken
sandwich, *the digestion of starch,
in the bread, begins in the mouth
with the help of amylase enzyme
present in saliva.
* the digestion of proteins, in
chicken, begins in the stomach
with the help of gastric juices
pepsin, trypsin and protease
enzyme.
* the digestion of fat, in the butter,
begins in small intestine with the
help of lipase enzyme.
*****
Q13. What are the most likely
causes of constipation? What can
you do to reduce the chances that
you will become constipated? How
can constipation be cured?
Ans:
Causes of Constipation:
1- Not eating enough fibres.
2- Less intake of fluids.
3- Lack of physical exercise.
Points To Reduce Constipation:
1- Taking sufficient fibres.
2- Less intake of fluids.
3- Doing regular physical exercise.
Points To Cure Constipation:
1- Continue regular lavatory
habits.
2- Drink at least three litres of
water each day.
3- Take sufficient dietary fibres.
4- Do physical exercise regularly.
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Q14. What are the most likely
causes of diarrhoea? What can
you do to reduce the chances that
you will get diarrhoea? How can
diarrhoea be cured?
Ans:
Causes of Diarrhoea:
Diarrhoea is caused by eating
food contaminated with bacteria,
virus or any other parasite which
multiply in our digestive system.
Points To Reduce Diarrhoea:
1- Do not eat raw foods.
2- Maintain personal hygiene.
Points To Cure Diarrhoea:
1- Take ORS solution.
