Welcome to

Our Presentation 1
 PYAY TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Design of Timber
Roof Truss
Date : 23.10.2023 (Monday)

Supervised by Presented by
Daw Than Than Oo Group VII

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 Our Group

 Mg Naing Tin Lin IV.C – 16

 Mg Waiyan Hein Htet IV.C – 17

 Ma Htoo Eain Kywal IV.C – 20

 Ma Yair Yu Ya Htet IV.C – 26

About us  Ma Thet Thet Aung IV.C – 30

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1. Introduction

4. Literature Review
2. Objective of the Study

5. Methodology
3. Scopes of the Study

6. Reference

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 1
Introduction

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 Introduction
Trusses are necessary for a roof to be
1. properly supported.
A truss is triangularly shaped, or
2. comprised of a number of triangles.
A timber roof truss is a structural
3. framework of timbers designed to bridge
the space above a room and to provide
support for a roof.
In this project, we designed a timber roof
4. truss which is economical as it allows a
builder to use fewer materials to get the
same result. 6
Objectives of the Study

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Point 1
To carry out the design of timber roof truss

Point 2
To learn advantages and disadvantages of timber
Point 3
To know the general knowledge of roof truss

Point 4
To realize that wooden trusses are generally
cheaper than steel trusses

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SCOPES OF THE STUDY 3 8
The scope of the study is restricted to achieve the objectives. They are as follows:

 Howe type of timber roof truss is

considered as a case study.
 The span of truss is 40 ft and spacing of
each truss is 10 ft.
 The maximum wind speed is 70 mph.
 The truss is analyzed by methods of
joints.
 The weight of truss is calculated by
Howe Equation
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 4
Literature Review

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 We used timber member or roof truss with metal plates and
1. bolts.

Timber connectors such as nuts, bolts and metal plates are

2. essential components used in this timber roof truss project.

These connectors enhance the performance and strength of

3. the timber joints.

Timber is a great insulating material and this means it helps to

4. maintain a more constant temperature.
Truss design consists of determining the force on each truss
5. member.

We calculate the stresses and selecting member sizes and grades

6. suited to the purpose.

Connection details are the important parts of the design and the
7. deflection of the truss is also calculate as a part of the design.

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 5
Methodology

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 Methodology

1. 2.
Method of joints is an The virtual work
analysis technique to method, also referred
find the forces in the to as the method of
members of a truss. It virtual force or unit-
looks at each joint load method, uses the
individually using the law of conservation of
particle equilibrium energy to obtain the
equations. deflection and slope at
a point in a structure.

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3.
Timber is a type of wood used to construct civil

engineering structure. The timber roof truss is structural

roof system spanning between 2 supports and carrying

loads like wind, snow and live load. It consists of top

chord, bottom chord, diagonals and connections.

4.
A bolts is a form of threaded of fastener with a external
male thread requiring a matching pre-formed female thread
such as nut.

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 METHOD OF JOINT

If a truss is in
equilibrium, each of its
b c d joint must also be in
equilibrium. The
method of joints
𝑅𝑎𝑥 a
g f
e consists of satisfying
𝐹𝑔
the equilibrium
𝑅𝑎𝑦 𝐹𝑓 𝑅𝑒
conditions ΣFx = 0 and
ΣFy = 0 for the force
exerted on each joint of
the truss.
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1. Solve for reactions using system equilibrium
equation
ΣFx = 0
ΣFy = 0
ΣM= 0
• Draw free body diagram.
• Sum forces in X and Y.
• Sum moments about point with most
unknown reaction forces.
3 kN
FA

FB

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2. Solve for each joint summing forces in only x and y (no moment)
Draw a free body diagram at each joint
Sum forces in X and Y at each joint

compression
ΣFx = 0

tension
ΣFy = 0

 Pick a joint where you have at least one known

and no more than two unknown forces
 If you assume all forces are in tension, then if it
comes out negative, it’s in compression

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 Method of Virtual Work

𝑭𝒑 𝑭𝑸 𝑳
𝟏. ∆ =
𝑨𝑬

 Place unit load on the truss at the joint where

the desired displacement is to be determined
and remove all real loads.

 Note: Load should be in the

same direction of displacement.
 Calculate the internal forces in each truss
member.
 (+ = tension, - = compression)
 Remove unit load and apply real loads to truss.
 Calculate the internal forces in each truss
member.
 (+ = tension, - = compression)
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Data for Timber Roof Truss Design

Plan area = spacing × truss span

Total live load = live load × plan area
Total wt. of truss = own wt. of truss × plan area
Total wt. of purlin = wt. of purlin × plan area
Total vertical load = total wt. of truss + total wt.
of roofing material + total
live load +total wt. of purlin

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 We calculate for each member as top chord, bottom
chord, vertical web member and inclined web
member.

 To find wind load,

We considered basic wind speed 70 mph in
Pyay.
Basic wind pressure 0.00256 v².

 When we consider the critical load, we choose the

longest component of (DL+LL) and (WL).

 To choose member size,

We use critical load.
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 What We Are Working On

When we consider the critical load, For long columns,

we choose the largest component of
𝑘𝑙
(DL + LL) and (WL). > 11
𝑑
0.3𝐸
𝐹𝑐 ′ = 𝑙 2
To choose member size,
𝑑
we use critical load.
For intermediate columns,
𝑃
When critical lood as tension σ = is as
𝐴
𝑙
compare with 𝐹𝑡𝑐 = 1600 psi 11 < <K
𝑃 𝑑
(i.e) σ = <_ 𝐹𝑡𝑐 = 1600 psi 1 𝑙 4
𝐴 𝐹𝑐 ′ = ∞𝐹𝑐 [ 1- 𝑑
]
3 𝐾

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 When we check the load Pactual ,
Pactual = area x Fc ′
Pallow > Pactual
We use common rafter (Top chord) and bottom chord 5" × 3".
For inclined and vertical member use 3" × 3".

5" × 3" common rafter

3" × 3" vertical member
3" × 3" inclined member

Length of common rafter=21 ft

5" × 3" bottom chord
Length of bottom chord = 40 ft
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 Types of Plates We Used in This Project

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1 𝑖𝑛
8 (b) Top Middle Plate
(a) Top Plate (c) Fan Plate

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3 in
4

1
8 𝑖𝑛
8 (e) Tee Plate
(d) End Plate
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 Spacing of bolts

 Center by center bolt spacing parallel to load

direction = 3.5d
 End distance for both tensile and
compressive forces parallel to the grain = 3d
 End distance for splicing of members = 3 in
 Edge distance for loading parallel to the
grain =1.5d
 Spacing across the grain between rows of
bolt = 1.5d for parallel to grain
 length of bolt = thickness of member +
 2 x thickness of metal plate + 1.5

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At Joint 5,
5
Use in ∅ in bolt.
8

B1 = 2.75 in

2631.31 lb
B2 = 2.75 in

1712.59 lb 1712.59 lb
Effective thickness = 2.75 in
F
E G
5
d= = 0.625 in
8

7674.39 lb 𝐿 2.75
4 6 = = 4.4
5 𝑑 0.625

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For parallel to grain direction, Q = K1 × K2 × L × d × Cper
= 0.986 × 1.52 × 2.75 × 0.625 × 1000
K1 = 0.986 (l/d ratio of bolts Pg. 6-40)
Cpar = 2500 psi (permissible stress Pg. 6-40) = 2575.93 lb

For member G5 and E5,

P1 = K1 × l × d × Cpar
θ = 50˚11'39.94"
= 0.986 × 2.75 × 0.625 × 2500
= 4236.72 lb N =
PQ
Bar force Psin2 θ+Qcos2 θ
Number of bolts =
P
7674.39 4236.72 × 2575.93
= =
4236.72 4236.72 sin2 50°11′ 39.94 ′′ + 2575.93 cos2 50°11′ 39.94 ′′
= 1.8 ≈ 2
= 3068.98 lb
Use 2 Nos bolts
Bar force
Number of bolts =
For perpendicular to grain direction, N

1712.59
K1 = 0.986 (l/d ratio of bolts Pg. 6-40) ` =
3068.98
K2 = 1.52 (l/d ratio of bolts Pg. 6-41) = 0.56 ≈ 1
Cperp = 1000 psi (permissible stress Pg. 6-40) Use 1 Nos bolt. 26
For member F5, Bar force
Number of bolts =
N
θ = 90˚ 2631.31
= = 1.02 ≈ 1
PQ 2575.93
N =
Psin2 θ+Qcos2 θ Use 1 Nos bolt.
4236.72 × 2575.93 1
=
4236.72 sin2 90°+ 2575.93 cos2 90° Length of bolt = 2.75 + (2 × ) + 1.5 = 4.75''≈ 5''
4
= 2575.93 lb 5
Use 5 Nos of 5" long in ∅ in bolts
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.
Spacing

Parallel to grain =3.5D

= 3.5 × 0.625
= 2.1875 in
End distance =3D
= 3 × 0.625
= 1.875 in
Edge distance = 1.5D
= 1.5 x 0.625
= 0.9375 in
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 REFERENCE

Design of Timber Structure Structure Analysis (8th edition)

by U Khin Maung Tint by R.C.Hibbeler

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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION

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