HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Reinforced Concrete Structures I

Teshome C.
MSc. [Structural Eng.]

Objectives/Contents
✓ Understanding Mechanical Properties of concrete and reinforcing
steel

✓ Applying Design Philosophy

✓ Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

✓ Developing analysis and design of slabs for flexure and shear

✓ Apply Ethiopian Building Code Standards for design of RC members.

✓ Questions

2
 Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Reinforcing Steel
➢Concrete is strong in compression, but weak in tension.

➢As a result, cracks develop whenever loads, restrained shrinkage, or temperature

changes give rise to tensile stresses in excess of the tensile strength of the
concrete.

➢ In a reinforced concrete beam, reinforcing bars are embedded in the concrete in

such a way that the tension forces needed for moment equilibrium after the
concrete cracks can be developed in the bars.
➢The construction of a reinforced concrete member involves building a form or
mould in the shape of the member being built.
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 3

Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Reinforcing Steel

➢The ultimate strain for most structural concretes tends to be a constant
value of approximately 0.0035, although this is likely to reduce for
concretes with cube strengths above about 60 N/mm2

Properties Concrete Steel

Strength in Tension Poor Good
Strength in Compression Good Good
Strength in Shear Fair Good
Durability Good Corrodes if unprotected
Fire resistance Good Poor, suffers rapid loss of strength
at high temperature

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 4

 Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Reinforcing Steel

➢The steel bars (embedded in the tension zone of the concrete) compensate for
the concrete’s incapacity for tensile resistance, effectively taking up all the
tension, without separating from the concrete

➢The bond between steel and the surrounding concrete ensures strain
compatibility, i.e., the strain at any point in the steel is equal to that in the
adjoining concrete.

➢The reinforcing steel imparts ductility to a material that is otherwise brittle.

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 5

Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Reinforcing Steel

➢ The term concrete strength is taken to refer to the uniaxial compressive strength
as measured by a compression test of a standard test cylinder
✓ The higher the concrete grade,
the steeper is the initial portion
of the stress-strain curve, the
sharper the peak of the curve,
and the less the failure strain.
✓ For low-strength concrete, the
curve has a relatively flat top, and
a high failure strain.

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 6

 Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Reinforcing Steel
➢The stress-strain curve of reinforcing steel is obtained by performing a standard
tension test.
yield plateau
strain hardening

peak stress
(tensile strength)

Elastic part
fracture
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 7

Applying Design Philosophy

A) Working Stress Method (WSM)

✓Assumes that the structural material behaves in a linear elastic manner,
and that adequate safety can be ensured by suitably restricting the stresses
in the material induced by the expected ‘working loads’ (service loads) on
the structure.
✓The stress in steel is linearly related to that in the
adjoining concrete [by Modular ratio]
✓Fails to discriminate between different types of loads
✓Performing satisfactorily for many years
✓The design usually results in relatively large sections of
structural members
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 8
 Applying Design Philosophy

B) Ultimate Load Method (ULM)

✓The non-linear stress−strain curves of concrete and steel are made use of
✓The safety measure in the design is introduced [F.S]
✓This method generally results in more slender sections, and often more
economical designs
✓However, the satisfactory ‘strength’ performance at ultimate loads does not
guarantee satisfactory ‘serviceability’ performance at the normal service loads.
✓The designs sometimes result in excessive deflections and crack-widths under
service loads, owing to the slender sections resulting from the use of high
strength reinforcing steel and concrete.

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 9

Applying Design Philosophy

C) Limit States Method (LSM)

✓Aims for a comprehensive and rational solution to the design problem, by
considering safety at ultimate loads and serviceability at working loads.
✓The LSM philosophy uses a multiple safety factor format which attempts to
provide adequate safety at ultimate loads as well as adequate serviceability at
service loads, by considering all possible ‘limit states’ (defined in the next
section).

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 10

 Applying Design Philosophy

Ultimate limit states (ULS)

✓These involve a structural collapse of part or all of the structure
➢ Loss of equilibrium
✓May lead to loss of life and major financial losses
➢ Rupture
Serviceability limit states (SLS) ➢ Progressive collapse
✓These involve disruption of the functional use of the structure, but not collapse
Excessive deflections for normal service
Excessive crack widths
Undesirable vibrations
Special limit states ➢Damage or collapse in extreme earthquakes,
➢Structural effects of fire, explosions, or vehicular collisions,
➢Structural effects of corrosion or deterioration, and
➢Long-term physical or chemical instability (normally not a
problem with concrete structures)
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 11

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

➢Analysis – Given a cross section, concrete strength, reinforcement size and location, and
yield strength, compute the resistance or strength. In analysis there should be one
unique answer.

➢Design – Given a factored design moment, select a suitable cross section, including
dimensions, concrete strength, reinforcement, and so on. In design there are many
possible solutions.

➢A beam is a structural member that supports applied loads and its own weight primarily
by internal moments and shears

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 12

 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

➢The conventional elastic beam theory results in the equation σ = My/I which, for an
uncracked, homogeneous rectangular beam without reinforcement, gives the
distribution of stresses shown
 c (max)  h 
C= b  jd = 2h / 3
2  2

bh  2h  bh 3 /12
M =  c max   M =  c max
4 3  h/ 2

 c max I
M =
ymax

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 13

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

➢The elastic beam theory is not used in the design of reinforced concrete beams,
because the compressive stress-strain relationship for concrete becomes
nonlinear at higher strain values
➢The theory of bending for reinforced concrete assumes that the concrete will
crack in the regions of tensile strains and that, after cracking, all the tension is
carried by the reinforcement

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 14

 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

1. The triangular stress distribution applies when the stresses are very
nearly proportional to the strains, which generally occurs at the loading
levels encountered under working conditions and is, therefore, used at
the serviceability limit state.
2. The rectangular-parabolic stress block represents the distribution at
failure when the compressive strains are within the plastic range, and it is
associated with the design for the ultimate limit state.
3. The equivalent rectangular stress
block is a simplified alternative
to the rectangular parabolic
distribution.
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 15

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Basic Assumptions for Flexure at the ULS

1. Plane sections before bending remain plane after bending
2. The strain in the reinforcement is equal to the strain in the concrete at the
same level
3. The stresses in the concrete and reinforcement can be computed from the
strains by using stress-strain curves for concrete and steel
4. The tensile strength of the concrete is ignored
➢For concrete strengths not exceeding 50 N/mm2, the Eurocode adopts limiting
compressive strain values of 0.0035 for flexure and for combined bending and
axial load where the neutral axis remains within the section, and
➢A limit of between 0.0035 and 0.002 for sections loaded so that the whole section
is in compression.
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 16
 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Possible Range of Strain Distributions at ULS

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 17

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Types of Flexural Failures

Tension Failure
✓If the steel content As of the section is small, the steel will reach fyd before the concrete
reaches its maximum strain of εcu
✓With further increase in loading, the steel force remains constant at fyd As, but results a
large plastic deformation in the steel, wide cracking in the concrete and large increase
in compressive strain in the extreme fiber of concrete
✓Because equilibrium of internal forces should be maintained, the depth of the N.A
decreases, which results in the increment of the lever arm z

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 18

 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Types of Flexural Failures

Compression Failure
✓If the steel content As is large, the concrete may reach its capacity before steel
yields
✓In such a case the N.A depth increases considerably causing an increase in
compressive force
✓Again the flexural strength of the section is
reached εcu.
✓The section fails suddenly in a brittle
fashion

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 19

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Types of Flexural Failures

Balanced Failure
✓At balanced failure the steel reaches fyd and the concrete reaches a strain of εcu
simultaneously

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 20

 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Analysis of Singly Reinforced Beam Sections

Step 1: Assume the type of failure
➢ Tension Failure
✓ Rupture of steel εs = 25
✓The strain in the steel exceeded the yield strain and the most compressed
concrete has reached the crushing strain. εcm = 3.5 and εs > εyd
➢ Compression Failure
✓ Assume εcm = 3.5 and εs < εyd

Step 2: Draw the strain profile corresponding to the type of failure and use the
similarity of triangles to develop a relationship between the unknown strain and
the neutral axis.
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 21

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Analysis of Singly Reinforced Beam Sections

Step 3: Use the equation of alpha corresponding to the assumption in step 1 and the
relationship developed in step 2 to calculate the unknown strain and neutral axis depth.

Step 4: Check if the assumption in step 1 is correct and if it is, proceed to step 8:
If the assumption is not correct repeat step 1 to 6 with another assumption.

Step 5: Calculate the value of beta

Step 6: Calculate the moment resistance

➢Force equilibrium

➢Moment equilibrium
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 22
 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Analysis of Singly Reinforced Beam Sections

➢Values of αc and βc

Using Parabolic rectangular stress – strain relationship

Using Bi-linear stress-stress relationship
a) For 0   c   c2 b) For  c2   c   cu2 a ) For 0   c   c3 b) For  c3   c   cu2

 3 cm − 2  2 cm kx  2 cm − 1.75 
 6 −  cm  c =  c = kx  
 c =  cm   kx c = kx   7  2 cm 
 12   3 cm 
kx   cm (3 cm − 5.25) + 3.0625 
 8 −  cm    (3 − 4) + 2  c = c = k x  
c = k x   c = k x  cm cm  3  3 cm (2 cm − 1.75) 
 4(6 −  cm )   2 cm (3 cm − 2) 
Using simplified rectangular block

 c = 0.8kx ;  c = 0.4k x

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 23

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beam Sections

Reasons for providing compression reinforcement
➢Reduced sustained-load deflections
➢Increased ductility
➢Change of mode of failure from compression to tension
➢Fabrication ease

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 24

 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Analysis of Flanged Sections

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 25

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Analysis of Flanged Sections

Procedure of analysis of flanged beam for flexure
a) Flanged beam subjected to negative moment
For a flanged beam with a negative moment, the compression zone will be the
bottom rectangular part of the web, thus following the procedures for analysis of
rectangular sections will be appropriate.
b) Flanged beam subjected to positive moment
If a flanged beam is subjected to positive moment, the neutral axis might remain
within the flange of the beam or it might be in the web of the beam.
For the case where the neutral axis remains in the flange, the section may be
treated as a rectangular section, and the procedures of analysis of rectangular
sections can be adopted
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 26
 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

Analysis of Flanged Sections

Procedure of analysis of flanged beam for flexure
However, if the neutral axis is in the web of the beam, a different approach for
analysis is necessary and in doing so, adopting the rectangular stress relationship
for the concrete in compression will simplify the analysis.
The general procedure for the analysis of flanged beam subjected to positive
moment according to EN 1992-1-1-2004 is as follows.

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 27

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

✓Design for flexure

Singly Reinforced
➢Determine the design moment from analysis
➢Calculate  sd = M sd 2
f cd db
If  sd  sd ,,lim = 0.295, Compression reinforcement is not required!

➢ Calculate = 0.5 + (0.25 −  ) and z = k z * d

z
kz =
d 2
M
As = sd
zf yd

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 28

 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

✓Design for flexure

Doubly Reinforced

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 29

Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

✓Design for shear

➢Determine the design shear from analysis
➢ Check if shear reinforcement is required

➢VRD,c < VSD,s , shear reinforcement is required

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 30

 Developing analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

✓Design for shear

➢Members requiring design shear reinforcement
➢For members with vertical shear reinforcement, the shear resistance, VRd is the
smaller value of :

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 31

Developing analysis and design of slabs for flexure and shear

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 32

 Developing analysis and design of slabs for flexure and shear

General notes!
➢Secondary transverse reinforcement of not less than 20% of the principal reinforcement should
be provided in one-way slabs

➢In areas near supports transverse reinforcement to principal top bars is not necessary where
there is no transverse bending moment in one-way slabs

➢Ribbed slabs are more economical than solid slabs for long spans with relatively light loads

➢Two principal methods of construction are:

1. Ribbed slabs without permanent blocks,

2. Ribbed slabs with permanent hollow or solid blocks

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 33

Developing analysis and design of slabs for flexure and shear

General notes!
➢Secondary transverse reinforcement of not less than 20% of the principal reinforcement
Topping

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 34

 Developing analysis and design of slabs for flexure and shear

General notes!
➢When loaded, two-way slabs bend into a dished surface rather than a cylindrical one/two-way
action

➢The slab must be reinforced in both directions, by at least two layers of bars perpendicular,
respectively, to two pairs of edges

➢In some cases, the bending moments at a common support, obtained by considering the two
adjacent panels in isolation, may differ significantly (say by 10%), because of the differing edge
condition at the far supports or differing span lengths or loading

➢For curtailment of reinforcement, the point of contra flexure may be obtained by assuming a
parabolic distribution of moments in each panel

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 35

Questions

Understanding Mechanical Properties of concrete and reinforcing steel

1. Which one of the following is TRUE about the difference between plain concrete
and reinforced concrete (RC)?
A) Reinforced concrete is a composite material and plain concrete is a homogeneous
material.
B)Plain concrete contains no rebars while RC contains at least minimum area of rebar.
C)Comparing to RC, plain concrete has better strength in compression.
D)Plain concrete has a constant density while RC has a varying density.
• Answer: B
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 36
 Questions

Understanding Mechanical Properties of concrete and reinforcing steel

2. One of the following is NOT among the advantages of concrete over steel.
A)Fire resistance
B) Economical
C) Strength in compression and shear
D) Durability under hostile environment
Answer: C

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 37

Questions

Understanding Mechanical Properties of concrete and reinforcing steel

3. Strain compatibility of RC members is described as
A)The strain at any point in in the steel is inversely proportional to that in the
adjoining concrete
B)The strain at any point in in the steel is greater than that in the adjoining
concrete
C)The strain at any point in in the steel is less than that in the adjoining concrete
D)The strain at any point in in the steel is equal to that in the adjoining concrete
• Answer: D

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 38

 Questions

Understanding Mechanical Properties of concrete and reinforcing steel

5. Diagonal tension in concrete is the result of
A)Flexure B) Direct tension C) Temperature and shrinkage D) Shear
• Answer: D

6. Which one of the following is not true about the stress-strain curve of concrete
A)The higher the concrete grade the larger the peak value of the curve
B)The higher the concrete grade the steeper is the initial portion of the curve
C)The lower the concrete grade the sharper the peak of the curve
D)The lower the concrete grade, the higher the failure strain
• Answer: C

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 39

Questions

Design Philosophy

7. Which one of the design philosophies has its design uncertainty consideration
based on the probability of failure?
A)Working Stress Method (WSM) C) Limit State Method (LSM)
B)Ultimate Load Method (ULM) D) All of them
• Answer: A

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 40

 Questions

Design Philosophy

8. Which one of the following is true about the design philosophies

A)WSM considers the degrees of uncertainty of different load types on structural
members
B)Design in accordance with WSM results in relatively larger sections
C)The linear part of the stress-strain curves of concrete and steel is used in ULM
D) ULM uses multiple format factor of safety to consider ultimate load and
service load
• Answer: B
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 41

Questions

Design Philosophy

9. Choose the correct combination of the limit state with its corresponding
structural effect
A)ULS: rupture, fatigue, instability
B)SLS: fatigue, excessive deflection, instability
C)ULS : loss of equilibrium, progressive collapse, formation of plastic hinge
D) Special Limit State: undesirable vibration, explosion, fire
Answer: C

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 42

 Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

10. One of the following is not among the key parameters to increase the capacity
of concrete?
A)Increasing the span length C) Increasing effective depth
B)Increasing concrete and steel grades D) Controlled increment of area of steel
• Answer: A

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 43

Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

11. Considering rectangular stress block of a rectangular RC section, which one

of the following is the correct expression for the neutral axis depth?

As f yd k z dM
A) x = C) x =
0.8 f cd bd 2 0.8 f cd bd
As f yd As f yd
B) x = D) x =
0.8 f cd bd 0.8 f cd b
Answer: D

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 44

 Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

12. One of the following is not considered as a basic assumption for flexural design at
ULS
A)Plane section remains section after bending
B)The strain in reinforcement is equal to the strain in the concrete at the same level
C)The tensile strength of concrete is ignored
D)Since concrete is good in compression, no need of reinforcement in the compression
zone
• Answer: D

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 45

Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

13. Which one of the following strain profiles indicates section with zero strain at
the list compressed face?
A) B) C) D)

Answer: B

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 46

 Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

14. One of the following is not true about the neutral axis depth and flexural failure
types in rectangular RC sections.
A) Compression failure results in larger neutral axis depth
B) Under tension failure, the neutral axis depth decreases
C) The lever arm is independent of the failure type
D) None
Answer: C

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 47

Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

15. As an Engineer, which failure type is preferred to apply during the design of
RC beam for flexure?
A)Tension failure C) Balanced
B)Compression failure D) A and C
• Answer: A

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 48

 Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

16. Choose the correct expression about the width of a flanged RC beam (T-beam) to be
considered in analysis and/or design.
A)For a T-beam subjected to negative moment, take the web width (bw)
B)For a T-beam subjected to positive moment, we always take the flange width (bf)
C)If a T-beam subjected to negative moment, the neutral axis might be in the flange or
in the web, and the width in calculation depends on the location of the neutral axis
D)The width used for analysis and/or design is the average of the bw and bf
• Answer: A
Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 49

Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

17. One of the following is not the use of concrete cover

A)Protect the reinforcement against corrosion
B)To protect the reinforcement against overheating in case of the fire
C)To provide additional tension strength at the most stressed end fiber
D)None
• Answer: C

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 50

 Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

18. Why do we need doubly reinforced RC beams?

A)When increasing depth is restricted
B)To make compression failure ductile
C)To reduce long-term deflections
D)All
E)A & B
• Answer: D

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 51

Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

19. For a rectangular RC beam section, the maximum shear force occurs at
A)The top fiber C) one third of the depth from bottom
B)The bottom fiber D) Mid-height
• Answer: D

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 52

 Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

20. Shear cracks

A)are characterized by their diagonal nature
B)are characterized by their vertical nature
C)occur at the point of maximum bending moment
D)are results of compression stress
• Answer: A

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 53

Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

21. One of the following is not correct regarding the factors affecting the shear
strength of beams without stirrups
A)The concrete tensile strength affects the shear strength
B)Longitudinal reinforcement is provided for the flexural capacity and doesn’t
affect the shear capacity
C)The shear span to depth ration (a/d) affects the shear capacity
D)Larger aggregates increase the shear strength
• Answer: B

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 54

 Questions

Analysis and design of beam for flexure and shear

22. Horizontal cracks occur in RC beams

A)When bond failure between concrete and flexural reinforcement occurs
B)When bond failure between concrete and shear reinforcement occurs
C)When maximum shear force and maximum bending moment occurs at the
support
D)All
• Answer: A

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 55

Questions

Analysis and design of slabs for flexure and shear

23. One of the following is not true about slabs

A)One-way slabs theoretically require supports in one direction only
B)Secondary reinforcements are not necessary in one-way slabs
C)Ribbed are one-way by default
D) The support condition of two-way slabs affects the design calculations
• Answer: B

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 56

 Questions

Analysis and design of slabs for flexure and shear

24. Moment adjustment is performed in two-way slabs
A)When the support moment is greater than the span moment at least by 10% in magnitude
B) When the support moments of consecutive panels differ by utmost 10% in magnitude
C) When the support moments of consecutive panels differ by at least 10% in magnitude
D) When the span moments of the consecutive panels differ by at least 10% in magnitude

• Answer: C

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 57

Questions

Analysis and design of slabs for flexure and shear

25. At the point of contraflexure
A)Bending moment is maximum C) Shear force is
maximum
B)Bending moment is zero D) A & C
• Answer: B

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Highlights for Exit Exam Teshome Ch. 58