NCM 119

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Block C-D

MODIFIED ROLE PLAY AND REPORTING ACTIVITY

BLOCK C BLOCK D

Group 1 Group 5
● Macrohon, Maverick Jubille E. ● Go, Mary Grace L.
● Gonzales, Gwenn Stephanie C. ● Palma, Ulyajna Gabriella B.
● Mann, Ma. Julia T. ● Mendoza, Mary Cherry Ann C.
● Buot, Michael Francis C. ● Bontigao, Katherine Elizabetn T.
● Nasayao, Shane Chloe L. ● Otero, Therese Angel Marie M.
● Te, Fernando Jose S.
Group 7
Group 7 ● Auman, Marife
● Laviste, Desiree M. ● Oche, Alyssa Kaye B.
● Abella, Pia Alexandra S. ● Ebreo, Rachel Marie S.
● Obiso, Sheen O. ● Nebres, Queen Anne R.
● Ralota, Ksiah Maurizz C. ● Lao, Shannel U.
● Ceniza, Mark Anthony II A.

Clinical Instructors:

Dean, Ma. Carol R. Kangleon, RN, MN, DScN

Mrs. Eubina C. Estoy, RN, MN
 NCM 119
of the chart and functions as an index for the
numbered entries in the progress notes.
Problems are listed in the order of their
Clinical Instructors: identification and the list is constantly updated
Dean, Ma. Carol R. Kangleon, RN, MN, DScN as new issues are recognized and existing
Mrs. Eubina C. Estoy, RN, MN ones are resolved.
○ Plan of care - The individual who identifies
the problems is responsible for creating care
DOCUMENTING:
plans. Physicians compose medical orders or
Reporting / Charting
medical care plans, while nurses formulate
nursing orders or nursing care plans.
● Reporting and recording are the major communication ○ Progress notes - Every health professional
techniques used by healthcare providers participating in a client's care makes chart
○ Reporting - takes place when two or more people entries using the same type of sheet for notes.
share information about client care, either face to These entries are numbered to match the
face or by telephone problems listed in the problem list and may be
○ Recording - a formal or legal document that lettered to indicate the type of data being
provides evidence of a client’s care and can be recorded.
written or computer based
● Documentation - serves as a permanent record of client
Example: SOAP format or SOAPIE and SOAPIER
information and care
○ “If it is not documented, it didn’t happen!”
S - subjective data
○ Is defined as written evidence of:
O - objective data
■ The interactions between and among
A - assessment
health professionals, client, their families
P - plan
and healthcare organizations
I - intervention
■ The administration of tests, procedures,
E - evaluation
treatments and client education
R - revision
■ The results or client’s response to theses
diagnostic tests and interventions
Advantages of POMR:
● Encourages collaboration
Types of Nursing Records: ● Problem list in front of the chart makes it easier for the
● Admission nursing assessment healthcare provider to track the status of each problem
● Nursing care plan
● Kardex Disadvantages of POMR:
● Pertinent information about patient ● Healthcare providers in their ability to use the required
● Medication with date of order and time of administration charting format
● Daily treatment and procedures ● Takes constant vigilance to maintain an up-to-date
● Flow chart problem list
● Graphic record (TPR BP) ● Somewhat inefficient because assessments and
● Fluid balance record interventions that apply to more than one problem must
● Medication be repeated
● Skin assessment record
● Progress notes
3. PIE- An acronym for problems, interventions, and
evaluation of nursing care.
● This system consists of a client care assessment flow
DOCUMENTATION SYSTEMS
sheet and progress notes.
● Flow Sheet- uses specific assessment criteria in a
1. Source-Oriented Record - the traditional client record particular format, such as human needs or functional
● Individuals or departments are responsible for health patterns, and time parameters that may vary
documenting information in distinct sections of the from minutes to months.
client's chart. ● After assessment, the nurse establishes and records
● This approach is advantageous as professionals from specific problems on the progress notes, using
different fields can quickly find the appropriate forms to NANDA.
record data, and it simplifies the process of tracking ● Problem statement is labelled as “P” and referred to by
information. a number depending on the problems identified.
● Example: admissions department has an admission ● Interventions employed to manage problems are
sheet, physician has a physician’s order sheet, labelled “I” and numbered according to problem.
physician’s history sheet and progres notes ● Evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions are
● Narrative charting - is a traditional part of the labelled “E” and numbered according to the problem.
source-oriented record

2. Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) - established

by Lawrence Weed
● The data is organized based on the client's issues
rather than the origin of the information.
● 4 basic components:
○ Database - Comprises all available
information about the client upon their initial
entry into the healthcare agency. This
encompasses the nursing assessment, the
physician's medical history, as well as social
and family data.
○ Problem list - Generated from the database,
this information is typically placed at the front
Advantages of PIE:
● Eliminates the traditional care plan and incorporates an
ongoing care plan
● The nurse does not have to create and update a
separate plan.

Disadvantages of PIE:
● The nurse must review all of the nursing notes before
giving care to determine which problems are current and
which interventions were effective.

4. Focus Charting - Focus Charting is a method for

organizing health information in the individual’s record. It is
a systematic approach to documentation, using nursing
terminology to describe an individual's health status and
nursing action.

What is Focus? Focus can be:

- a keyword or diagnostic category from a nursing
diagnosis or collaborative problem on the plan of care
(action plan) example: skin integrity, coping, activity
tolerance, self care deficit.
- a current individual concern or behavior like nausea,
chest pain, pre-op teaching, hospital admission.
- a sign or symptom of possible importance to the nursing
and or medical diagnosis or treatment plan like fever,
constipation, hypertension, incontinence, lethargy. Example 1:
- an acute change in an individual’s condition like
respiratory distress, seizure,fever, discomfort. 1. Date and Time: 0330H 11/09/23
- a significant event in an individual’s care like begin 2. Focus: Pain
treatment regimen, change in diet, catheterization. 3. Data: Patient reported a pain level of 8/10 in neck,
- a keyword or phrase indicating compliance with a could move it slowly from side to side. Blood pressure
standard of care or agency policy like self medication slightly elevated 130/85.
teaching plan. 4. Action: Administered pain medication
5. Response: patient reported pain level of 1 and can
What are the Components of a Focus Charting? move neck freely.
DATA: Subjective and/or objective information supporting Example 2:
the stated focus or describing observations at the time of
significant events. Focus: Ineffective Airway Clearance
ACTION: Nursing interventions performed, planned to be Data:
performed, and/or protocols and procedures initiated. - Patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
RESPONSE: Description of individual's response to - Patient reports difficulty breathing, shortness of breath,
medical and/or nursing care. Statement that the Action and productive cough with thick, yellow sputum.
Plan of Care outcomes have been attained or are - Auscultation reveals wheezing and decreased breath
progressing toward attainment. sounds in the lower lung fields.
- Oxygen saturation is 90% on room air.
How to do a focus charting? - Increased respiratory rate of 26 breaths per minute.
1. Date each sheet. Time every entry in the corresponding Action:
column. - Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain oxygen
2. Write in the Focus column, the patient’s care focus that saturation above 92%.
is appropriate to the patient’s case. Use NANDA as - Encourage the patient to perform controlled coughing
reference. and deep breathing exercises to help clear airway
3. Document the entry related to the focus in the DAR secretions.
(data, action, response) section of the form. An entry - Administer prescribed bronchodilator and mucolytic
may be one or any combination of Data, Action, and medications as ordered by the healthcare provider.
Response. - Monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation continuously.
- Place the patient in an upright position to improve lung
expansion and airway clearance.
- Institute strict intake and output monitoring.

Response:

- After interventions, the patient's oxygen saturation

improves to 94% on supplemental oxygen.
- The patient reports improved ease of breathing and
productive cough.
- Auscultation reveals improved breath sounds with less
wheezing.
- The patient's respiratory rate decreases to 18 breaths
per minute.
 - Sputum production decreases in quantity and
thickness. between the members of the healthcare
team
5. Charting by Exception- a documentation system in which
only abnormal or significant findings or exceptions to ● If necessary, print
norms are recorded. Legibility ● Do not erase or erroneous charting
● Three (3) key elements: ● State the reason for the error
○ Flow sheets- These sheets list what ● Sign and date the correction
constitutes as “normal findings” for a particular
facility. As a nurse, you’d be expected to Abbreviations ● Make sure to always refer to the
provide notes only when there are variations and symbols facilities approved listing
from those expected results. ● Avoid abbreviations that can be
○ Standards of nursing care- Documentation misunderstood
by reference to the agency's printed standards
of nursing practice eliminates much of the ● Start every entry with date and time
repetitive charting of routine care. ● Chart in chronological order
○ Bedside access to chart forms- this is the Organization ● Chart medications immediately after
expectation that all flow sheets and additional administration
documents are to be left at patients’ bedside ● Sign your name after each entry
so that any healthcare practitioner can access
the information at any given time. ● Use descriptive terms to chart exactly
what was observed or done
Accuracy ● Use correct spelling and grammar
Advantages of Charting by Exception: ● Write complete sentences
● Eliminates lengthy repetitive notes and makes client
changes in condition more obvious.
Document in the nurses’ progress notes:
● Name and dosage of the medication
Disadvantages of Charting by Exception:
Documenting ● Name of the practitioner who was
● Presumption that the nurse did assess the client and
a medication notified of the error
determined what responses were normal and abnormal.
error ● Time of the notification
● Nursing intervention or medical
6. Computerized Documentation- was developed as a way treatment
to manage the huge volume of information required in ● Client’s response to treatment
contemporary health care.
● Nurses use computers to store the client’s database, The nurse is responsible for protecting the
add new data, create & revise care plans & document Confidentiality privacy and confidentiality of client
client progress. interaction, assessments and care

7. Case Management- emphasizes quality, cost-effective A factual record contain descriptive,

care delivered within an established length of stay. Factual objective information about what a nurse
● Uses a multidisciplinary approach to planning & sees, hears, feels and smells
documenting client care, using critical pathways.
● Critical pathway- is a multidisciplinary plan or tool that The information within a recorded entry or
specifies assessments, interventions, treatments, and Complete a record must be complete, containing
outcomes of health related problems that cross a time appropriate and essential information
line.
● Timely entries are essential in a
patient’s ongoing care
NURSING CARE PLAN (NCP) ● Delays in documentation leads to
Current unsafe patient care
● Health organizations use military time
1. Traditional Care Plan - written for each client and has 3 to avoid misinterpretation of AM and
columns: nursing diagnoses, expected outcomes and PM
nursing interventions
2. Standardized Care Plan - based on the institution’s Organized ● Communicate information in a logical
standards of practice order
- Provides a high quality of nursing care ● Notes should be concise, clear and to
the point
Example of NCP in Velez College:
Nursing Intervention Evaluation
Diagnosis

[nursing diagnosis] [independent [desired outcome]

intervention]
[scientific basis] [actual outcome]
[collaborative
[reference] intervention]

ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE DOCUMENTATION

Use of Helps to improve communication thereby

common lessening the chance of misunderstanding Correcting a documentation error
vocabulary
 ○ Patient education
PURPOSES OF CLIENT’S RECORD CHART
○ Summary of operative procedures
○ Discharge plan and summary
● Here are some of the purposes of client’s record chart: ○ Any specific instructions
○ Communication. Provides efficient and effective
method of sharing information
INCIDENT REPORT
○ Legal documentation. It is admissible as
evidence in court of law.
○ Research. Provides valuable health-related data ● Is a form that is completed to document accidents, patient
for research injuries, and unusual incidents in healthcare facilities like
○ Statistics. Provides statistical information that can hospitals or nursing homes.
be utilized for planning people’s future needs ● This document, often known as an accident report,
○ Education. Serves as an educational tool for captures precise details of the event while they are still
students in health discipline fresh in the memories of witnesses.
○ Reimbursement - documentation also helps a ● Seeking compensation for injuries is crucial in accident
facility receive reimbursement form the federal cases, and having an incident report is vital to support your
government legal claim for justice.
○ Health care analysis - information from records ● Attorneys use incident reports to defend the health agency
may assist health care planners to identify agency against lawsuits brought by clients thus the reports are
needs, such as overutilized and underutilized generally considered confidential communications and
hospital services cannot be subpoenaed by clients or used as evidence in
their lawsuits in most states.
○ However, incident reports that are
ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATION
inadvertently disclosed to the plaintiff are no
longer considered confidential and can be
● The client’s record is protected legally as a private record subpoenaed in court.
of the client’s care ○ Thus, a copy of an incident report should not
● Access to the records is restricted to health professionals be left in the chart.
● For purposes of education and research, most agencies ● In addition, no entry should be made in the patient’s record
allow student access to client records about the existence of an incident report.
● Informed consent means that the client understands the ○ The chart should, however, provide enough
reasons and risks of the proposed intervention information about the incident or occurrence
● Witnessing confirms that the person who signs the so that appropriate treatment can be given.
consent is competent ● When writing an incident report, you should objectively
describe the condition of the patient, what you have
discovered, any measures that have been taken by the
MEDICAL RECORDS
doctor and nurses. The report should be submitted
immediately.
● Components of medical record:
○ Patient identification and demographic data
Purpose of an Incident Report:
- One of the first important components you can
● To document the exact detail of an accident or unusual
find in medical records is identification
incident that occurred in a healthcare institution
information. Medical records need to have
● To be used in the future when dealing with liability
information to help identify who the history
issues stemming from the incident
belongs to. For example, patient’s date of
● To protect the nursing staff against unjust accusation
birth, name, marital status, and social security
● To protect and safeguard the client in case of
number may be noted down.
negligence on the part of the nurse
○ Present complains
● Helps in the evaluation of nursing care to ensure safe
○ Informed consent for treatment and procedure
care to all patients
- Patients should be able to make informed
decisions about their care. Thus, the physician
would let the patient know all important Types of Incident Reports in Healthcare & Hospitals:
information about all medical procedures.
○ Admission nursing history 1. Clinical Incidents - refer to unplanned events causing
○ Family history physical harm to a patient. These incidents are
- A patient’s family’s medical history can play an inherently harmful and can lead to severe harm or
important role in their health. Many health property damage.
concerns can be genetic, making them ● Examples:
important to add to the file. Some health ○ nurse administering the wrong
problems of family members may not be medication
worrisome, however, some hereditary ○ unintentional retention of a foreign
diseases and cancers that may be passed object in a patient post-surgery
down should be documented. ○ a blood transfusion reaction
○ Physical examination finding
○ Medical history 2. Near Miss Incidents - occur when errors or unsafe
- Medical history is considered for everyone, conditions are identified before reaching the patient.
even those who have never been to a doctor Despite the potential harm being averted, it's crucial to
or hospital. The history can include: allergies, report these incidents, with nearly 50 near misses for
treatments, medical care, present and past each reported injury.
diagnosis. ● Examples:
○ Tentative history ○ a nurse noticing an unsecured
○ Medical diagnosis bedrail during a patient's sleep and
○ Therapeutic order promptly fixing it
○ Treatment given ○ a checklist catching an error in
○ Medical progress notes medicine dispensation before
○ Supportive care given administration
○ Reports of diagnosis studies
 ○ a patient attempting to leave the However, organizations equipped with
facility prematurely, stopped and insightful data found it easier to manage the
returned by a vigilant security guard pandemic outbreak.

3. Non-Clinical Incidents - encompass events, incidents, 3. Cost-Efficiency

and near misses associated with EH&S failure, ● Reporting can also render healthcare
irrespective of injuries or involved parties. operations more economically effective. By
● Examples: collecting and analyzing incident data daily,
○ misplaced documentation or hospitals can steer clear of legal troubles. A
interchanged documents between comprehensive study on medical errors
patient files across 17 Southeastern Asian countries
○ security mishaps within the facility highlighted how inadequate reporting
contributes to the financial burden on
4. Workplace Incidents - such as work accidents or healthcare facilities.
occupational incidents, are discrete occurrences that
can result in physical or mental occupational injuries. 4. Enhanced Patient Safety
Mental and physical harm are both relevant, with ● The ultimate objective of incident reporting in
nursing assistant jobs having the highest incidence hospitals is to enhance patient safety. From
rates, as per the BLS’s Workplace Injuries and Illness elevating safety standards to reducing medical
News. errors, incident reporting contributes to the
● Examples: establishment of a sustainable environment
○ situations where a patient or their for patients. Ultimately, when a hospital
next-of-kin verbally or physically delivers high-quality patient care, it builds a
abuses a care provider leading to brand of goodwill.
unsafe work conditions
○ a healthcare provider may suffer a Challenges in Healthcare Incident Reporting:
needle prick while disposing of a
used needle 1. Traditional Paper-based Reporting
● Despite the technological era, many
Components of an Incident Report: healthcare organizations still rely on traditional
paper-based reporting. This manual approach
● Patient name and hospital number/date of birth involves recording and managing incident
● Date and time of incident details on paper, often in handwritten reports.
● Location of incident ● Paper-based reporting presents several
● Brief, factual description of incident drawbacks, including low-quality data, limited
● Name and contact details of any witnesses flexibility, a costly process, proneness to
● Harm caused, if any errors, and time-consuming procedures.
● Action taken at the time 2. Underreporting
● Name and contact details of the person reporting the ● Underreporting is a pervasive issue in the
incident healthcare industry, often attributed to factors
such as a lack of awareness regarding when
6 Tips for Writing an Effective Incident Report: and what to report and fear of repercussions
1. Ensure clarity, conciseness, and accuracy in your from colleagues or superiors.
report. 3. Busy Schedules
2. Employ correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling ● The personnel most responsible for filing
throughout. incident reports in hospitals, such as nurses
3. Present facts objectively, steering clear of assumptions and doctors, often face challenges due to their
or assigning blame. busy and overworked schedules.
4. Arrange events in a chronological order for a
comprehensive overview. 5 P’s of Incident Reporting among Filipino Nurses:
5. If relevant, incorporate direct quotations from witnesses 1. Policy (Organizational and unit practices and
or the affected party. leadership)
6. Initiate the writing process promptly or take notes 2. Probity (Integrity and honesty)
shortly after the incident to retain essential details. 3. Peril (Degree of error)
4. Punishment (Individual liability)
Benefits of Incident Reporting in Hospitals: 5. Preservation (Defense or protection)

1. Preventive Measures
● An influential aspect of incident reports lies in Examples of Incident Reports in Healthcare & Hospitals:
streamlining historical and current data to
identify potential incidents in advance. Example of medication error incident report
Through predictive analysis, healthcare Date: [Date]
facilities can enhance patient care quality and Time: [Time]
minimize workplace accidents. Approximately Location: [Ward/Room Number]
60% of healthcare leaders have affirmed that Patient Name: [Patient’s Full Name]
the adoption of predictive analytics Medical Record Number: [Patient’s MRN]
significantly improves efficiency. Description of Incident: A medication error occurred when
[Nurse’s Name] administered [Medication Name] to the patient.
2. Disease Monitoring The prescribed dose was [Prescribed Dosage], but the patient
● Disease monitoring constitutes a crucial facet received [Administered Dosage]. The incident was discovered at
of predictive analytics. Incident reports enable [Time] when the patient experienced [Describe Any Adverse
healthcare organizations to monitor potential Reactions or Symptoms].
disease outbreaks using past and present Actions Taken:
metrics. ● [Nurse’s Name] immediately informed the charge nurse
● During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous and physician.
hospitals faced challenges in preventing ● [Describe Any Interventions or Treatments Given].
disease outbreaks on their premises.
 ● Incident reported to pharmacy for review and
documentation.
● Family informed of the error.
● Root cause analysis to be conducted to prevent future
occurrences.

Example of patient fall incident report

Date: [Date]
Time: [Time]
Location: [Ward/Room Number]
Patient Name: [Patient’s Full Name]
Medical Record Number: [Patient’s MRN]
Description of Incident: Patient [Patient’s Name] fell in their room
while attempting to get out of bed. The incident occurred at
approximately [Time]. The patient sustained [Describe Any
Injuries].
Actions Taken:
● [Nurse’s Name] responded immediately, assessed the
patient, and called for assistance.
● Patient transferred to [Location] for further evaluation
and treatment.
● Physician notified.
● Fall risk assessment to be conducted, and appropriate
interventions to prevent future falls to be implemented.

REFERENCES:
● Vera, M. (2013, June 8). Documentation &
Reporting in Nursing. Nurseslabs.
[Link]
-nursing/
● ‌rnpedia. (2014, December 26). Documenting and
Reporting - RNpedia. RNpedia.
[Link]
als-in-nursing-notes/documenting-reporting/
● rnpedia. (2015, January 5). Incident Report -
RNpedia. RNpedia.
[Link]
rgical-nursing-notes/incident-report/
● ‌Fetherston T. (2015). The importance of critical
incident reporting - and how to do it. Community
eye health, 28(90), 26–27.
● Goda, A. (2023, November 7). Incident reporting in
healthcare: A complete guide (2021): Quasr Blog.
QUASR.
[Link]
n-healthcare/#
● Folio, N. (2023, January 16). 10 Components Of a
Medical Record? The Best Guide 2023. Folio3
Digital Health.
[Link]
s-of-a-medical-record/
 NCM 119
(1) The sexual favor is made as a condition in the hiring or in the
employment, re-employment or continued employment of said
individual, or in granting said individual favorable compensation,
Clinical Instructors: terms, conditions, promotions, or privileges; or the refusal to
Dean, Ma. Carol R. Kangleon, RN, MN, DScN grant the sexual favor results in limiting, segregating or
Mrs. Eubina C. Estoy, RN, MN classifying the employee which in any way would discriminate,
deprive or diminish employment opportunities or otherwise
adversely affect said employee;
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
(2) The above acts would impair the employee’s rights or
privileges under existing labor laws; or
● Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, (3) The above acts would result in an intimidating, hostile, or
and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature offensive environment for the employee.
when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or
implicitly affects an individual’s employment; unreasonably (b) In an education or training environment, sexual harassment
interferes with an individual’s work performance; or creates is committed:
an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment (1) Against one who is under the care, custody or supervision of
● Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances the offender;
including but not limited to the following: (2) Against one whose education, training, apprenticeship or
○ The victim as well as the harasser may be a tutorship is entrusted to the offender;
woman or a man. The victim does not have to be (3) When the sexual favor is made a condition to the giving of a
of the opposite sex. passing grade, or the granting of honors and scholarships, or the
○ The harasser can be the victim’s supervisor, an payment of a stipend, allowance or other benefits, privileges, or
agent of the employer, a supervisor in another considerations; or
area, a coworker, or a nonemployee. (4) When sexual advances result in an intimidating, hostile or
○ The victim does not have to be the person offensive environment for the student, trainee or apprentice.
harassed but could be anyone affected by the
offensive conduct. Any person who directs or induces another to commit any act of
○ Unlawful sexual harassment may occur without sexual harassment as herein defined, or who cooperates in the
economic injury to or discharge of the victim. The commission thereof by another without which it would not have
harasser’s conduct must be unwelcome. been committed, shall also be held liable under this Act.
● Sexual harassment between health-care workers is noted
most often in the literature, but it may also come from the Section IV: Duty of the Employer or Head of Office in a
patients that nurses care for, and employers must protect Workrelated, Education or Training Environment: – It shall be
their workers from such treatment. the duty of the employer or the head of the work-related,
○ Many nursing homes have residents who act out educational or training environment or institution, to prevent or
inappropriately as a result of dementia or deter the commission of acts of sexual harassment and to
Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, these agencies provide the procedures for the resolution, settlement or
must take steps to address and minimize the risk prosecution of acts of sexual harassment. Towards this end, the
of their employees even when it comes from employer or head of office shall:
residents. (a) Promulgate appropriate rules and regulations in consultation
with and jointly approved by the employees or students or
trainees, through their duly designated representatives,
ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT LAW
prescribing the procedure for the investigation of sexual
harassment cases and the administrative sanctions therefore.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7877
- AN ACT DECLARING SEXUAL HARASSMENT UNLAWFUL Administrative sanctions shall not be a bar to prosecution in the
IN THE EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION OR TRAINING proper courts for unlawful acts of sexual harassment. The said
ENVIRONMENT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES rules and regulations issued pursuant to this subsection (a) shall
include, among others, guidelines on proper decorum in the
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of workplace and educational or training institutions.
the Philippines in Congress assembled:
(b) Create a committee on decorum and investigation of cases
Section I: Title: – This Act shall be known as the “Anti-Sexual on sexual harassment. The committee shall conduct meetings,
Harassment Act of 1995.” as the case may be, with officers and employees, teachers,
instructors, professors, coaches, trainors andstudents or
Section II: Declaration of Policy. – The State shall value the trainees to increase understanding and prevent incidents of
dignity of every individual, enhance the development of its sexual harassment. It shall also conduct the investigation of
human resources, guarantee respect for human rights, and alleged cases constituting sexual harassment.
uphold the dignity of workers, employees, applicants for
employment, students or those undergoing training, instruction In the case of a work-related environment, the committee shall
or education. Towards this end, all forms of sexual harassment be composed of at least one (1) representative each from the
in the employment, education or training environment are hereby management, the union, if any, the employees from the
declared unlawful. supervisory rank, and from the rank and file employees.

Section III: Work, Education or Training-related Sexual In the case of the educational or training institution, the
Harassment Defined. – Work, education or training-related committee shall be composed of at least one (1) representative
sexual harassment is committed by an employer, employee, from the administration, the trainors, teachers, instructors,
manager, supervisor, agent of the employer, teacher, instructor, professors or coaches and students or trainees, as the case
professor, coach, trainor, or any other person who, having may be.
authority, influence or moral ascendancy over another in a work The employer or head of office, educational or training institution
or training or education environment, demands, requests or shall disseminate or post a copy of this Act for the information of
otherwise requires any sexual favor from the other, regardless of all concerned.
whether the demand, request or requirement for submission is
accepted by the object of said Act.
Section V: Liability of the Employer, Head of Office,
(a) In a work-related or employment environment, sexual Educational or Training Institution. – The employer or head of
harassment is committed when: office, educational or training institution shall be solidarily liable
for damages arising from the acts of sexual harassment
committed in the employment, education or training environment ● Health-care organizations must be alert to sexual
if the employer or head of office, educational or training harassment and intervene immediately when it is
institution is informed of such acts by the offended party and no suspected, regardless of the perpetrator.
immediate action is taken thereon. ● This requires a proactive approach on the part of
employers to prevent, detect, and correct instances of
Section VI: Independent Action for Damages: – Nothing in harassment.
this Act shall preclude the victim of work, education or ○ At minimum, organizations must have a plan that
trainingrelated sexual harassment from instituting a separate outlines temporary steps to deal with such
and independent action for damages and other affirmative relief. allegations while they are being investigated as
well as permanent remedial steps once the
Section VII: Penalties - Any person who violates the provisions investigation has been completed, to ensure that
of this Act shall, upon conviction, be penalized by imprisonment the situation does not recur.
of not less than one (1) month nor more than six (6) months, or a ● Nurses must take appropriate action when they witness
fine of not less than Ten thousand pesos (P 10,000) nor more the harassment of others or when they themselves are the
than Twenty thousand pesos (P 20,000), or both such fine and targets of such offenses.
imprisonment at the discretion of the court. Any action arising ○ When one person makes another uncomfortable in
from the violation of the provisions of this Act shall prescribe in the workplace by the use of sexual innuendoes
three (3) years or jokes or invades another’s personal space,
this behavior should be recognized and confronted
Section VIII: Separability Clause. – Separability Clause. – If as sexual harassment.
any portion or provision of this Act is declared void or
unconstitutional, the remaining portions or provisions hereof
shall not be affected by such declaration.

Section IX: Repealing Clause. – All laws, decrees, orders,

rules and regulations, other issuances, or parts thereof
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed
or modified accordingly.

Section X: Effectivity Clause. – This Act shall take effect

fifteen (15) days after its complete publication in at least two (2)
national newspapers of general circulation.

CONFRONTING SEXUAL HARASSMENT

● Cases of Sexual Exploitation, Abuse, and Harassment

(SEAH) in the health workforce, according to Women in
Global Health (WGH), hinder career progression and
retention of women health workers—which, in turn, could
impact morale, mental health, sickness absenteeism, and
turnover—and could lead to staff shortages.

Nurse Wins Sexual Harassment Case

● Headline: JUSTICE came after five years for "Riane," a
graduating nursing student who filed a sexual
harassment case against a doctor.
● Riane, who was 19 at the time, alleged Raper, a surgeon, REFERENCES:
harassed her on December 2009 at the Benguet General ● [Link]
Hospital. blic-act-no-7877/
● "Because of the circumstances that happened in the ● [Link]
operating room during my duty, I felt so harassed and al-harassment-act-of-1995/#:~:text=Under%20RA
intimidated that I had sleepless nights, I feared going %207877%2C%20work%2C%20education,work%
back to Benguet General Hospital," Riane said.
● Riane, while assisting in a surgical procedure with Dr.
20or%20training%20or%20education
Relante Raper, reported an uncomfortable incident. Dr. ● [Link]
Raper raised the issue of a purported book, suggesting n-looms-large-for-women-health-sector-workers
that those assisting in mastectomy must undergo ● [Link]
examination for potential breast masses. Riane felt ns-sexual-harassment-case
shocked by the sexual undertone of the question but
remained silent. Dr. Raper persistently asked if she
believed and was willing to be examined post-operation.
● The discomfort intensified when Dr. Raper inquired about
Riane's father's occupation in which she answered that
her father works in the Philippine Navy. After learning
about the father's station in Manila, Dr. Raper made a
concerning statement, “Patay tayo dito.” Despite feeling
fear and anger, Riane restrained her temper due to Dr.
Raper's position as a doctor and training officer.
● The next day, Riane was again assigned to render duty
at the operating room, again to Raper. Riane said a
similar exchange happened with more sexual comments
made in front of other students and other doctors. Raper
then tried to get her cell phone number to become text
mates but she declined.