Some examples of social factors affecting address terms are:
1. Degree of intimacy (DI)
This factor refers to how close or distant the speakers are in terms of their relationship. For
example, friends may use first names, nicknames, or terms of endearment to address each other,
while strangers may use titles and last names, or generic terms like sir or madam.
2. Rank of other (RO)
This factor refers to the relative status or power of the speakers in a given context. For example,
a subordinate may use a title and a last name to address a superior, while a superior may use a
first name or a nickname to address a subordinate. Alternatively, both speakers may use
honorifics or respectful terms to show deference or politeness.
3. Family relationship (FR)
This factor refers to the kinship or blood ties between the speakers. For example, a child may use
a term of address like mom or dad to refer to their parents, while a parent may use a term of
address like honey or sweetie to refer to their child. Similarly, siblings may use each other's
names, nicknames, or terms of affection to address each other.
4. Transactional status (TS)
This factor refers to the purpose or goal of the interaction between the speakers. For example, a
customer may use a term of address like excuse me or hello to get the attention of a salesperson,
while a salesperson may use a term of address like sir or ma'am to greet a customer.
Alternatively, both speakers may use terms of address like thank you or have a nice day to end
the interaction.
5. Occupational hierarchy (OH)
This factor refers to the professional or work-related roles of the speakers. For example, a doctor
may use a term of address like Mr. or Ms. followed by the last name of a patient, while a patient
may use a term of address like doctor followed by the last name of the doctor. Similarly, a
teacher may use a term of address like student followed by the first name of a student, while a
student may use a term of address like teacher followed by the last name of the teacher.
6. Particular occasion (PO)
This factor refers to the specific situation or event that the speakers are involved in. For example,
a speaker may use a term of address like congratulations or happy birthday to express their
sentiments to another speaker on a special occasion. Alternatively, a speaker may use a term of
address like sorry or excuse me to apologize or request something from another speaker on a
particular occasion.
Definition
Implementing the lesson is the process of carrying out the planned activities and strategies to
help students achieve the learning objectives. It involves the teacher's actions and interactions
with the students and the materials during the lesson. Implementing the lesson can be done in
different ways, depending on the approach and the context of the teaching
Purposes
Implementing a lesson plan serves several important purposes in the field of education and
instructional design. These purposes are fundamental to the teaching and learning process and
contribute to effective educational outcomes. Here are some of the key purposes of
implementing a lesson plan:
1. Facilitating Learning:
The primary purpose of implementing a lesson plan is to facilitate learning. Lesson plans
provide a structured framework for teachers to deliver content and for students to engage
with that content, helping them acquire new knowledge, skills, and understanding.
2. Achieving Educational Goals:
Lesson plans are designed to align with broader educational objectives and curriculum
standards. By implementing these plans, educators can work toward achieving specific
educational goals and outcomes.
3. Organizing Content:
Lesson plans help educators organize the subject matter and educational content in a logical
sequence. This ensures that information is presented in a coherent and comprehensible
manner.
4. Optimizing Time:
Lesson plans help teachers allocate time efficiently. They outline the duration for each part of
the lesson, ensuring that the essential components of the instruction are covered within the
allotted time.
5. Engagement:
Effective lesson plans incorporate strategies to engage students and maintain their interest.
Engaged students are more likely to participate actively in the learning process and retain the
material.
6. Assessment and Evaluation:
Lesson plans include assessment methods to gauge student understanding and progress.
Implementing these assessments helps educators measure the effectiveness of the lesson
and make necessary adjustments.
7. Differentiation:
Lesson plans can be designed with differentiation in mind, allowing teachers to adapt
instruction to meet the diverse needs of students. This includes providing additional support
for struggling students and challenges for those who need more advanced material.gical
sequence. This ensures that information is presented in a coherent and comprehensible
manner.
Some characteristics of implementing the lesson are:
- It is based on the learning objectives and the assessment methods of the lesson plan¹.
- It builds on the students' prior knowledge and helps them connect new information to what
they already know².
- It allows for flexibility and responsiveness to the students' needs and interests³.
- It engages the students in active learning through various types of activities and strategies¹.
- It provides clear and explicit instruction, feedback, and guidance to the students².
- It monitors and evaluates the students' understanding and progress during the lesson¹.
