6123722, 202 PM “Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics a ScienceDirect ‘Thermoplastic Elastomer ‘Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are a diverse family of rubber-like materials that, unlike conventional vulcanized rubbers, can be processed and recycled like thermoplastic materials. From: The Effects of UY Light and Weather on Pastis and Elastomers (Second Editon), 2007 Related terms: Elastomer, Copolymer, Block Copolymer, Polyurethane, Thermoplasi ‘Thermaset Plastics, Polystyrene, Polypropylene, Polymerization Introduction Jiri George Drobny, in Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers (Second Elton), 204 1.2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of TPEs TPEs offer variety of advantoges over conventional thermas materials, suchas: nuleaized) rubber 1. Simpler processing with fewer steps since TEs are using the processing methods fr shanks, which are ypaly more een and significantly less costs the final ast oF the ished part's lower 2. Shorter fabian times, which aso ead to lower rished pat costs, Since crating cycles fr TPEs are spel several seconds 3 opposed to minutes fr theamoset rubbers, the productivity ofthe given equipment greatly increased 3, There tle or ne compounding. The majority of Ts supe aly formulated and ready for abr 4, The possibilty of reusing scrap inthe same fashion as wth thermoplastics. The serap from thermoset rubbers is wer often discarded. Is amount generated may be in some cases comparable tothe weight ofthe molded pat. The TPE scrap can be reused as a regrnd, quently producing materials having ropertes the sae as virgin materia 5. Lower energy consumption due to shorter molding cycles and simpler processing 6, Better quality control and closer tolerances of finished pats due to simpler formulations and process. 7. Lower quality control co of properties of TPE resin. because of greater reproducibility and consistency 8, Since most PEs have lower density than conventional rubber compounds, theie volume cost i often lover. ‘The disadvantages of TPES in comparison to conventional rubber materials include 1, Melting at elevated temperatures. This inherent property limits the use of parts from TPES to service temperatures well below their melting point. A thermoset rubber would be probably suitable for a brief exposure to that temperature htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer ane6123722, 202 PM ‘Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Recent developments include an increasing number of PE materiale capable tobe used at temperatures as high as 150°C or higher. 2. Limited number oflow-hardness TPES. Many TPEs are available at hardnesses bout 80 Durometer A or higher. The number of materials softer then 50 Durometer A has greatly increased, and there are materials available that are pelle 3. Drying of most TPE materials prio to processing, This step is almost never used for conventional rubber materials but is quite commen in fabrics thermoplastics in general ion of ead full chapter ‘Thermal, electrical, and sensing properties of rubber nanocomposites Héctor Aguila-Bolados, Raquel Verdjo, in High-Performance Elastomed Matevals Reinforced by Nano-Catbons, 2020 5.1 Melt mixing method ‘Thermoplastic elastomers ate materials that combine many ofthe attributes and features of both vulcanized thermoset rubber and thermoplastic materials. Hence, they present an elastomeric behavior while being processed as a thermoplastic polymer. Mos thermoplastic elastomers are co-palymers having rigid and flexible ‘moieties in their backbone, The synthesis ofthese elastomers, either by chain growth or step-growth polymerization, resus in a wide spectra of thermoplastic elastomers Palystyrene-blackpolyethylene-ra-butylene}-boek polystyrene (SEBS) isa thermoplastic elastomer, synthetized by chain-growth polymerization. The two polystyrene blocks placed at the extreme ofthe polymer chain confers partial "gidty to the back-bone chains and erystalnity othe bulk, while the cent of ethylene-ran-buylene confers flexibility to back-bone chan and amorphous domains tothe bul (64), Meanwhile, thermoplastic elastomers obtained by step growth polymerization, such as polyurethanes, are composed of short alternating polydispese blocks of soft and hard segments [65] The hard segments correspond to aromatic groups, while the oxygenated functions, such as ether, enhance the “free rotation” of the back-bone. The good processabiliy ofthese thermoplastic clastomers (SEBS and polyurethane thermoplestcelstomer) has promoted their use with carbon-based nanomaterials [66-69] However, othe thermoplastic elastomers such as polyvinyl acetate or S85, has also been used [70-73 block Read fll chapter URL tpn cercedetcom/ac ener 7B01286198200074 Other Polymers: Styrenics, Silicones, Thermoplastic Elastomers, Biopolymers, and Thermosets Vinny & Sasti in Pasties in Medical Devices (Third Etion), 2022 8.4.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers Properties “TPES have a wide range of hardness values, which en be tlored by the type and amount of the sof exible segment or blend incorporated into the material Fig 8.17) They can be extruded into flexible tubing or injection molded into tough parts and components. TEs can be over-molied onto devices and handles for 3 soft touch, improved grips, ad pleasant esthetics, Overmlding sa process in \hich the TP is molded over a second material or part (ypically 2 more rigid, thermally table plastic TPE adheres tothe base material to form a strong bond, “TPE evermolds also provide 2 cushion against impact and vibration dampening and insulation agains eletriity and heat. htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer ane6123722, 202 PM htpsshwww scioncedie ‘Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Table 8.9 lists some ofthe properties of unreinforced TPEs, Fig. 822 provides 2 visual comparison of some of those properties, and Table 8.13 lists some ofthe tributes and the eisadvantages of the various TPEs, The TPU data are an aggregate of polyester- and palyether-based TPUs. TPAs have a good balance of mechanical and thermal properties. TPCs have the highest temperature resistance and TPOs are the lightest weight (lowest-densty) elastomers, Additives lke UV and thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, pigments, and lame cetardants can be used for unreinforced grade. Glass and mineral filers are uzed for improved stfnes, flexural, and mechanical properties, Continuous use temperature Recovery properties Compression set Figure 8.22. Comparison of thermoplastic elastomer properties. Table 8.13, Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Thermoplastic Elastomers Elastomer Attributes ru + Excellent abrasion and wear + Flexibility and elasticity + Toughness and tear strength + Low-temperature damping + Transparency, catty + Hydrolytie stability + Solent bondsble + Dielectric high-frequency welding + Good heat resistance + Thermal aging stability + Good low-temperature fesibilty ng elasticity + Good chemical resistance TPA + Excellent mechanical properties + Good low-temperature Nexibility and elasticity + Maintains properties in a wide temperature range + Must be dried before processing comopics/mateials-sciencelthermoplasticelastomer Disadvantages + Not easy to produce softer materials + Slight yellow olor + Processbility + Limited low temperature range + Limited hydrolytic stabil + Must be dried before processing + Poor high- temperature properties ana6123722, 202 PM “Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer Elastomer Attributes Disadhantages TPO + Low density, light weight + Low hardness + Good esthetis, surface + Low het resistance + Good UV and azone resistance + Poorprocessablly + Marginal recovery properties res Broad hardness range. + Poor weathering + Good low-temperature properties + Poor recovery + Good elasticity properties at high + Hydrolytic stability femperatares + Poor mechanical properties + Poor thermo- naive staity Silicone. Relatively high continuous-use 4 Relatively low tensile temperatures strength and tear «Stab toward oxidation and strength degradation + Highly permeable to «Stable mechanical and dynamic sass and ids properties overa wide range of temperstures «+ Exlent resistance to UV radiation + Good electri properties + Esnyto process ead fll chapter Processing Methods Applicable to Thermoplastic Elastomers Jiri George Drobny, in Handbook of Thesmoplastic Elastomers (Second Eudition) 2018 Abstract Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) ae elastic materials that can generally be processed by melt processing methods. Most thermoplastics including TPEs are not subjected to crosslinking, which means tht they can be remelted and shaped agsin. Thus the production serap and used (postconsumer) parts can be ground up and reused a east as apatial replacement of virgin materials, Many thermoplastic elastomers can be used as received, but others can be mixed, blended, or compounded, This can be accomplished in mixers of different designs or in twin-screw extruders, Products from TPES are fabricated by a multitude of methods, uch as extrusion, injection molding, blow melding, and rotational alding. Some semifinished or finished products require addtional procedures, such a: orientation, foaming, surface tretment, welding, adhesive bonding, lasination, cross-linking, ete ead full chapler URL pane cence coment 7A032821 36800041 ana6123722, 202 PM ‘Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Other Thermoplastic Elastomers Jiri George Drobny, in Handbook of Theemoplactic Elastomers (Second Edition), 2014 Abstract Thermoplastic elastomers with unusual structures and proper copolymers, thermoplastic interpenetrating networks (IPNs) and polyacrylates ll these thermoplastic elastomers ate produced by rather complex and demanding methods. Star block copolymers exhibit higher tensile properties standard styrenic block copolymers and some of them have excellent adhesive properties. The interpenetrating networks representa wide range of materials, many of them are tough and flexible plastics suitable for automative bumpers and under wiring in automobiles, others have potential utility for electronics and biomaterial Polyacrylte-based TPES have the potential to replace traditional SBS types by inereasing the upper service temperature by 40 °C without sacrificing the elastomeric properties inchde star block e-hood Read fll chapter Gas Transport Through Thermoplastics Ajith J. Jose. Jineymol Kappen, in Tansport Properties of Polymeric Membranes, 2018 13 Future Outlook ‘Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) constitute a commercially relevant and fundamentally interesting clas of polymeric materials. Numerous achievements in both the understanding and development of thermoplastic elastomers have ‘ensured that ths ass of materials wll continue to capture the attention of| researchers interested in nanostructured elastomeric polymers amenable to variable processing [60]. Advanced stcuctural modifation in TPEs through inorganic species, e.g, clays 61] or metal nanoparticles 62), ive the hybrid material, as TPE nanocomposites and these will benefit enormously slang with the conventional TPES The inorporation of nanocomposites into the thermoplastics (e.., modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (MPET) can vary the barrier efficiency in great extent and this provides a promising field of esearch in the applications of thermoplastics, which could lead to revolutionary results. The use of new and more sophisticated experimental techniques such as nuclear smagnetic tesonance spectioscogy, inverse gas chiomatography, and neutron dlifeacton has a sigificant eae in future research in polymer graftngs to improve the polymer orozeties depending on the various applications, These techniques will yield new insights into the mechanism of ges transport in the thermoplastics and this could greatly help the field of food packaging as wll as the gas separation. Read fll chapter URL pane cence coms eneatlpi7A01 2809884409027 T Nicholas [Link] Ph.D, in Condensed Encylopedia of Palmer Engineering Terms, 2001 ‘TPE (THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS) Thermoplastic laslamers (TPEs) continue to grow in commercial importance, ‘These materiale combine the funcional properties of comparable thermoset elastomers withthe fabrication advantages of thermoplastics. Asa class, TPES htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer en26123722, 202 PM ‘Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics ‘comprise several types of materiale such as elastomeric alloys (EAs), styrenic block copolymers, copolyesters, and thermoplastic polyurethanes Thermoplastic elastomers are defined by ASTM D 2566 as "a family ofrubber-ike materials tha, unlike conventional vuleanited rubber, can be processed and "a material that is recycled lke thermoplastic materials" A rubber is defined 2 ‘capable of recovering from large deformations quickly nd forcibly and “retracts within min to less than 15 times its original length after being stretched at room temperature (18 to 29 °C) to ice its length and held fr | min before release’ The term thermoplastic ea ner has developed into the accepted generic name for materials as defined inthe previous paragraph. This term is generally used asa oun, to distinguish a TPE from a conventional thermoset rubber that has not been woleanized, Archaic terms for TPEs include “lastoplsic’ thermoplastic and impact macifid plastic. n addition, there has been a growth of subcategories of TPES to distinguish between the different types of materials that generally meet the TPE definition Several examples are “thermoplasie rubber blends’ “elastomeric allo, and “block copolymer", These diferent terms are use to indicate diferent morphological structures and rubber, thermoplastic vuleani diferent elastomeric performance. There have been numerous books, book chapters, technical papers, and review articles, patents, trade tersture, and symposia en TPEs, most of which were published or held within the last 20 years. Several new organizations with T focus have been formed, such asthe Thermoplastic Eastamers Special interes ‘Group (SIG) ofthe Society of Plastics Engineers anda similar Topical Group within ‘the Rubber Division ofthe American Chemieal Society. As evidenced by this growth in information, the technology of TPs has grown steadily and, sometimes, by {quantum jumps. Thee is now a wide selection of eiferent TPEs forthe materials technologist to consider, depending on specife application needs As noted, TPEs are either block copolymers or combinations of a rubber-cispersed phase and a plastic continuous matrix. The attrbute contributed bythe rubbery phase - such as butadiene orethylenebutylene in an S-E-S or SEB-S styrenic lock ‘copolymer, or the completely vulcanized EPOM rubber particles in polypropylene (@PYEPDM EA - is classical elastomeric performance. The elastic properties of a rubber result rom long, flexible molecules that are clled in a random manner. \When the molecules ae stretched, they uncil and have a more specifi geometry than the coiled molecules. The uncoled molecule have lower entrapy because of the more restricted geometry and, since the natural tendency isan increase in entropy, the entropic driving fore is fr the molecule t retract, giving elastic The soft butadiene or ethylenebutylene segments inthe styrenic block copolymer are coiled segments hele together by the polystyrene hard block. When acted upon by an external stress, the initial deformation isthe uncoling ofthe soft rubbery segments, since the energy fr displacement is es forthe soft segments than for the hard. Ths behavior gives elastic performance up tothe point where the strain is so great that permanent deformation occurs due to loss of bonding between the hard and soft segments, or the hard segment. is deformed beyond its elastic mit ‘or the temperature is raised tothe point where the hard segment softens or even mek, Therefore under definable conditions of temperature and stress, TPES behave with classic elastomeric characteristics, just like thermoset eubbers. With this type of performance, TPEs can and are used in mary typeal thermoset rubber applications, an thus, have one fot in the rubber industry. ‘The primary morphological difference between TPEs and the thermoset rubbers is the presence of soft rubbery domains bonded to hard plastic domains (with 3 distinct melting point above which the TP is moken and suitable for fabrication), The hatd plastic domains ofa TPE can be formed, destroyed, and reformed repeatedly through the simple process of adding or removing heat energy. Their formation is thus reversible, This capably forthe formation of these hard domain crosslinks is essentially irreversible. Melting the hard domains by conventional plastic fabrication processes, suchas injection molding, blow molding, extrusion, thermoforming, ee, is why TPES aso have ther other foot the plastics industy \While most TPEs do not have typical thermoplastic physical properties, such as htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer enz6123722, 202 PM ‘Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics high lad defection, they are made int finishes articles by typical thermoplastic processing equipment and techniques, Its the nature of TPEs that has allowed thermoplastic processars to expand into the manufacture of rubber parts for merchant production and captive use. The plastic industry, since John Wesley Myatt, and the rubber industry, since Charles Goodyear, have both grown into major industries with worlwide sales in the tens of billions of dollars. Although both industries ae based on polymer science and technology, there has been litle interaction between them, Plastic and rubber materials ate processed quite differently, Outside of palinylchovie, few plastics are extensively madifed by compounding befare fabrication into en aticles. On the other hand, the rubber polymere simply the base for 3 rubber compound developed for specific performance characteristics, The generation of useful rubber articles has created 3 whale technology based on the compounding and production of specific rubber compounds with a desired set of properties, In Aadéition, conventional thermoset rubbers are vulcanized by chemically crosslinking reactive sites in the base polymer; this operation requires specialized processing {equipment for the preparation of rubber parts. Thermoplastic processing is 2 simpler fabrication process because no chemical modifeation af the material required to form the final article, These differences inthe eubber and plastics industries have set ther apart fom each other, tothe point where until recently, ‘ew companies have done both rubber compounding andfor pant manufacture and thermoplastic processing into end-use articles. tis now possible to rubber parts by using TPEs with pastes processing equipment. Since TPEs behave as rubber up tothe temperature-dependent limit of permanent deformation, rubber parts end users have adopted them as rubber, However, since TPES are processed (fabricated) into rubber parts on conventional thermoplastic processing ‘equipment, the plastics industry has also claimed them. The advent of TPES hae resulked in “rubber-only" companies investing in thermoplastics processing facture ‘equipment and in plates processors fabricating rubber parts, thus, spanning the gap between these ta major industries, The birth of TPES s generally regarded to be the invention and commercialization of thermoplastic plyurethanes by BF, Goodrich in 1958. Following this development were the introductions of styrenic black copolymers by Shel ‘Chemical Company inthe 1960s, copolyestrs by E. duPont Company, thermoplastic elastomeric olefins (TEO:) by Uniroyal inthe 1970s, EAs by Monsanto Chemical Company in 1981, and block copolymers of polyamides by [Atachem in 1982. The target area for growth oF TPEs is primarily in thermoset rubber replacement. A second area is new elastomeric applications where ‘thermoset rubber would rationally be considered, The third area isin soft thermoplastic replacement where, greater flexibilty is needed, Table provides a Istng of polymer blends and alloys by supplier. Table 1 Specsty Polymer Blends and Alloys Along with Trade Names Product Supplier Trade Name Gnade ABSinylon Borg-Warner eLeMIO RM ABSjnylon Monsanto TRAX al ange Borg-Warner PROLOY a aagpc Borg-Warner cxcotor al ange Dow PULSE al ange Mobay BAYBLEND All aaspvc Borg-Warner ercouin al ansypvc ‘Amoco MINDEL 4-670, A650 htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer6123722, 202 PM Product aagpvc ABgPvc Aasisma Modified Acetl Modified Acetal Modified Acetl Modified Acetl Moaified ASA, Mosified ASA Moaified lonomer Modified Nyon Modified Nylon Modified Nylon Moaified Nylon Modified Nylon Modified Nylon Modified Nylon Modified Nylon Modified Nylon Modified PBT Modified P3T Modified P87 Modified P3T Modified P3T Modified P87 Modified P3T Modified Pet Modified PET Modified PeT Modified Pet NylonfeP Perec “Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Supplier Monsanto Schulman Shuman Monsanto BASE DuPont Hoechst Celanese Hoechst Celanese BASF Ge DuPent ‘lied Chemical BASF DuPont Emer Industries Hoechst Celanese NP Nylon Corp of America Thermofi ‘wilson Fiberfl Base comalloy omalloy Comalloy Ge. Hoechst Celanese Mobay omalloy Comalloy Comalloy DuPont Dester comalloy omalloy Ge, Hoechst Celanese Trade Name LUSTRAN POLYMAN capon, uLTRAFORM DELRIN DURALOY ceLCON TERBLEND ttoy SURLYN, apron uLTRAMID zyreL GRILON CELANESE THERMOCOMP vF NyCOR NAIL ULTRADUR vouex HiLoY comrur vaLox VANDAR POCAN vourx HiLoy comulr RYNITE SST DEXLON HiLoY vALOX CELANEX htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer Gnde 16, 860 507,509,511 780 fo u2s4ox, 7-100, 1-500 1000, 1100, 1200, a 400, 401 sKR2e6L 13320, 1221, 1220 Hp Series 8250, 8252, 8350 Re430, 831, R464 5 Series, 408 228 Series 1-297, N=303 all 1417, 2001 ni ™ ea070, KRAO7L 420,831 431, 432, 433,434 4 Mo anna isos 460, 461, 462 481,461, 462,403 461,460,464 al ni 42 60, 855, 815,830, 330 ana6123722, 202 PM “Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Product Supplier Trade Name Gnde PINylon Deter DEXCRAS ni Pore Ge. LEXAN 1 Poppe Mobay MAKROLON ——T-7BSS-7.7955 PcpPolyester GE. vaLox 08m, 533 PcpPolyster GE, xENoY al Polyester Mobay MARKOBLENDU! PcJPalyester —Thermafil e2 ll Pcjsmia Arco Chem aRLov al pcjrPu Mobay TexIN 902, 2203, PeyPc Comalloy : . PETPSE Amoco MINDEX 8.390, 8.322 reyes Ge. NoRYL nl PPOjNylon BASF uUTRANYL all PPONyon GE NoRvicix All ProjNylon BASF ULTRANYL all Peojesr cr NoRYLGIX All Projps BASF LURANY, ni Proje Borg-Warner PREVEX al eiepom Deter ontex al Pojeron Ferro FERROFLEX Al PRIEPOM Schulman PouyTRO} all rjepom Teknor Apex TeLcAR al Prinylon Deter DEXPRO al PVC{Aeylie Rohm amp: Haas KYDEX al Pvcjneryle ——Polyast Technology - nl Pvcjurethane Deter al SANyePoM Dow rover 701,705,401,501, SMAHIPS Arco Chemical DYLARK. 28 Read fll chapter URL traced com cena BTBEOROSDEDS020K Grafted biopolymers I: methodology and factors affecting grafting Deepa Hads, 2a Singh Chauhan, in Advanced Biomedical Applications, 2019 2.5.4 Thermoplastic elastomers ‘Thetmoplastic elastomers has a place within a class of copolymers or a physical blend of polymers (typically plastic and elastic) which are comprised ofthe ‘materials with both elastomeric and thermoplastic properties, tat i the reason they are otherwise called thermoplastic rubbers htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer onz6123722, 202 PM ‘Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics ‘Traditional elastomers cant give the scope of physical properties required for the item, where thermoplastic elastomers ae utilized. These materials ind noticeable application inthe family machines area and inthe ear segment. They ar likewise utilized for catheters and perfect for patients where copolymers ofa nylon square offera scope of delicate quality. Styrene square copolymers are generally tized a flues and in shoe soles for ther effortlessness, Thermoplastic elastomers ar regularly utilized for car execution applications for making suspension bushings because of ts ncredible protection from twisting when contrasted with typical elastic bushings. Thermoplastic have encountered development in ventilation, warming and cooling businesses because ofits ‘capacity, Fexbilty and cost-adequacy to alter plastic ptches into an assortment of fans, spreads and lodgings. Thermoplastic elastomers are Tkewise utilized in restorative gadgets and in discvering an ever increasing number oF employments 12s an electrical ink coat and intesnal protection. They are additionally utilized in some earphone links (70 Read fll enapter Recent Developments and Trends isi George Drobny, in Handbook of Theemoglastic Elastomers (Second Eultion) 2018 17.1 Current State ‘Thesmaplastc elastomers (TPES), introduced commercially only in the 19605, have ‘developed within the last four decades from being technological curiosity due to their combination of elastic behavior and thermoplastic processing into a formidable array of materials. Their curent worldwide consumption is ose to 4 milion metric tons and grows at an overall rate over $9 per year (see Section 1.2.8). Although TPEs cannot match the high easticty af some conventional fll cured elastomers eg, natural rubber or polybutadiene rubber) and their resistance agpinst softening with increasing temperature, they offer mary other benefits, such 45 simpler processing, purty attractive appearance, transparency, substrate adhesion, fvorable silky’ fee, very ow density nd very low hardness, to name 2 few. The current major commercial applications of TPEs are as shown in preceding chapters: autor adhesives, coatings, and polymer modifications, 1, construction, industrial and consumer products, medica Read fll chapter Elastomers and Rubbers Laurence Edition) 2017 en, in Film Properties of Plstics and Elastomers (Fourth 13.2 Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers Polyolein thermoplastic elastomer (TPO) materials ate defined as compounds (micures) of various polyolefn polymers, semicrystalline thermoplastics, and amorphous elastomers. Most TPOs are composed of palpropylene and a copolymer of ethylene and propylene called ethylene-propylene rubber. A ‘common rubber of ths type i aed EPDM rubber, which has a small amount of third monomer, a diene (two carbon-carbon double bonds init). The diene mall amount of unsaturation in the polymer chain that can be used for sulfur erosslinking, Like most thermoplastic elastomers, TPO products are composed of hard and soft segments. TPO compounds include filers, reinforcements, lubricants, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, colorants, and processing ais. They are characterized by high impact strength, low density, htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer sone6123722, 202 PM “Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics and good chemical resistance; they re used when durability and reliability are primary concerns, Manufacturers and trade names: ExxonMobil Santoprene®, Lyondellsse!l ‘Advanced Polyolefins Dexfles, Applications and uses: roofing and automotive exterior part capping distilled water, dary products, fuiuices, sports drinks, beer, wine, and fod; cosmetis; toiletries; and pharmaceutical packaging, sterilized closures, seals, and line's Film data for TPOs are found in Tables 13.11-13.12. Table 13.11 Permeation of Gases at 23°C Through ExxonMobil Santoprene™ Polyolefin Thermoplastic Elastomer Permeant Gas Santoprene® Grade 201-73 201-87 203-50 Permenbility Coeficiente? mma? day atm) air 20 302 140 Nitrogen 194 264 3 ‘oxygen soe a4 2 Carbon dioxide 3023 201s iia ‘gon s19 so7 ws Propane 1163 333 1938 “Thickness 0.5 mm, Test Method: ASTM D1434, ‘Table 13.12. Water Vapor Transmission at 25°C Through ExxonMobil Santoprene® Polyolefn Thermoplastic Elastomer*? Grade ASTM E86 Procedure A ASTM E96 Procedure BW 25% RH 759% RH Vapor Permeation Rate (g mm/m? day) 201-73 049 023 201-87 os. 023 203-50 03 081 Thickness 0 mm, “Test Method: ASTM E96 Read fll chapter URL ited com acess O9TB0128292000137 Recommended publications htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer ane6123122, 202 PM ‘Thermoplastic Elastomer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics s, European Polymer Journal Journal SSK Polymer Testing Journal = Composites Part B: Engineering Journal Additive Manufacturing Journal htps:[Link] comopics!materials-scioncethermoplastc-lastomer rane