CHAPTER 3.
5: Oil Spill
Response
CHAPTER 3: MIDSTREAM POLLUTION PREVENTION AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT
1 2 3
Explain the impacts of the Discuss the benefits of Justify the choice of
generated wastes from the pollution prevention and appropriate pollution control
major sectors of oil and gas waste management measures based on the type
industry to the environment techniques in oil and gas of waste as well as adhering
and human health. (Chapter industry according to the to the Environmental Quality
1) three P’s of sustainability Act (2012) and its related
(People, Planet, Profit). regulations.
Course Outcomes
To understand how an oil spill event can take
place.
To understand the relationship of the oil’s
physical and chemical properties, and the
surrounding conditions to oil spill weathering.
Learning outcomes To identify the possible impact caused by an oil
spill event.
(LO) for Chapter 3
To propose the suitable oil spill control and
mitigating measures.
To identify the steps related to the
management of an oil spill event.
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 3
What are the required key
parameters for oil spill
response containment and
clean up plans?
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK
Malaysian Agencies Responsible for Oil Spill Response
APMM/MMEA (Msian
Maritime Enforment
Jabatan Laut Malaysia –
DOE Agency) : function- Royal Malaysia Police
ship registration
Controlling and preventing
maritime pollution
Department Of Veterinary
Marine Department of the Department of Wildlife & Department of Fisheries of
Services of the Ministry of
Ministry of Transport National Parks the Ministry of Agriculture
Agriculture
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 5
Malaysia Oil Spill
Response Company
Petroleum Industry of Malaysia Mutual Aid
Group (PIMMAG)
• Private company established by Petronas
• Render assistance to the National Oil Spill
Control Centre and is capable of supporting
local and state response
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK
Malaysia Oil
Spill Response
System
Three Tier system was
incorporated
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 7
Tier System
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 8
Tier System
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 9
Strategic Planning for Oil Spill Response
1. Preparedness (including prevention) for operational and accident oil pollution
• Preparation of equipment
• Training
• Drill
2. Control and recovery of a spill to mitigate its consequences.
• Development of Decision Support System (DSS) for mgmt. of oil spill in
Malaysia identify the optimal alternatives for pollution prevention and
cleanup method selection processes and thereby help to reduce the costs
for cleaning practices.
• The decision for a suitable method at a given site often requires input
geographical, ecological, legal, containment and clean-up equipment, and
environmental sensor locations (GIS-geographic information system)
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 10
STEP 1: Recording of the local sea state (wave height, wind velocity, etc.), current
velocity and spilled oil viscosity
STEP 2: Determine the limitations of clean up equipment : decide the equipment
needed and judge the effectiveness (Tables 3-8 spill data and operational codes
matrix)
STEP 3: Compatibility analysis for oil spill response methods: determine what
response “packages” should be selected under certain sea conditions, local
characteristics, and types of spilled oil (Tables 9-11)
STEP 4: Integration of Table 12, in order to have a coded list of the qualified
(recommended) oil spill response equipment for each spills incident (priority is
given to methods that cover all three basic parameters).
STEP 5: Decision-making procedure concerning the equipment and techniques
that are to be deployed to a spill site. This decision should additionally take into
account the availability and needed capability of the recommended oil response
equipment, the quality of the responsible personnel, the actual volume of spilled
oil, and the existence of undesirable circumstances, e.g., floating debris, etc.
11
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK
Landmark Events
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 12
A) The Torrey Canyon Incident
March 18, 1967 - UNITED KINGDOM - The Torrey
Canyon ran aground off Cornwall spilling 80,000
tonnes (919,000 barrels) of Kuwaiti crude.
The International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds
1971 and 1992
(http://www.iopcfunds.org)
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 13
B) The Exxon Valdez Incident
March 24, 1989 - USA - The Exxon Valdez hit rocks
in Prince William Sound spilling some 240,000
barrels of crude oil onto Alaskan shores.
Oil Pollution Act 1990 (OPA 90)
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Specific mitigation measures which were mandated or
promoted by OPA90
Vessel crew training and Vessel management
licensing requirements requirements Oil transfer spill
Double hull
(Standards of Training, (International Safety prevention
requirements,
Certificate and Management, Industry requirements,
Watchkeeping) Programs),
Port state control Offshore platform spill Pipeline spill prevention
inspections, prevention measures, measures
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 15
1. Preventive
measures
6. Formulate
prevention, 2. Inspection,
preparedness monitoring,
and response enforcement
strategy
OPA 90
5. Continuous
study on oil 3. National spill
pollution infrastructure
threats
4 Development of
countermeasures
and clean up
technologies
CGE686/Chapter 3.5/PNFMK 16
